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Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA) ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ا��ﻣﻮر اﻟﺜ��ﺛﺔ اﻟﻲ
ً ا��ﻧﺘﺮﻓﻴﺲ وﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻪ
)ﺑﺎ��ﺧﻴﺮ(ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺮاوﺗﻴﻨﺞ ﺑﺎث اﻟﻪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ:
1- ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ أﻗﺮب ﺳﺒﻨﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ
2- ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ أي راوﺗﻴﻨﺞ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮل ﺳﻴﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ وذﻟﻚ
ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ا��دﻣﻨﺴﺘﺮﻳﺘﻒ دﻳﺴﺘﺎﻧﺲ
ً
Chapter3: IP Connectivity 3- ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺮﻛﺲ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ راوﺗﻴﻨﺞ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮل
ﻓﺒﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻗﺮب ّ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻨﺪي أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎث ﻟﻠﺮاوﺗﻴﻨﺞ
أﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻳﺶ اﻟﺮاوﺗﻴﻨﺞ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮل اﻟﻲ ّ ﺳﺒﻨﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﺛﻢ
راح أﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎن ﻋﻨﺪي أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮل ﻓﺮاح أﺳﺘﺨﺪم
ﺑﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﺘﺮﻛﺲ ﺗﺒﻌﺖ اﻟﺮاوﺗﻴﻨﺞ ّ وﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ،اﻟﻲ رﻗﻤﻪ أﻗﻞ
ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮل..
3.1 The Forwarding Decision Routing
AD (adminstrative distance) = Routing protocol
static = 1
- as a Router, I do separate Broadcast Domains BGP = 20
EIGRP = 90
OSPF = 110
- when receiving a packet, it stops at the Interface RIP = 120
routing protocol divided into: static and dynamic
- Routing will decide how to Forward/Route the Packet dynamic divided into: distance vector (like RIP and
EIGRP) and link state\bandwidth (like OSPF and IS-IS)
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apply initial configuration:
1- ip address for end device +
Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA) subnet mask + Default
gateway
2- configure router's interface:
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)Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA
ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮاوﺗﻴﻨﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﺪوﻳﺪث ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻟﻮ dhcpأﺣﺪ ال
ﻛﺎن ﻋﻨﺪي ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻴﻦ أﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﺑ��ﻋﺔ 10ﻣﻴﻐﺎ ﺑﺖ وا��ﺧﺮ ﺑ��ﻋﺔ 100
ﻣﻴﻐﺎ ﺑﺖ ،ﻓﺮاح ﻳﺨﺘﺎر ا��ﻋﻠﻰ وا��ﻓﻀﻞ .....داﻳﻜﺴﺘﺮا أﻟﻐﻮرﻳﺜﻴﻢ ﻫﻲ
)3.3 Open Shortest-Path First (OSPF اﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻲ اﻧﺒﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮل ....وﻣﻴﺰﺗﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ
ﺗﺘﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺧ��ل ﻣﺜﺎل :أي ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﺤﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ رﺑﻂ ا��ﺟﻬﺰة
اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ راح ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻟﺮاوﺗﺮات ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ،وﻛﻞ راوﺗﺮ اذا
- Dynamic Routing Protocol اﺳﺘﻌﺮﺿﺖ اﻟﺮاوﺗﻴﻨﺞ ﺗﻴﺒﻞ ﺗﺒﻌﻪ راح ﻳﻄﻠﻌﻠﻚ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻛﺜﻴﻴﻴﻴﺮة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ
ﻳﻘﺪر ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺮوح ﺑﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ وﻛﻞ
- administrative Distance = 110 وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﺮاوﺗﻴﻨﺞ IDﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ راوﺗﺮات ﺑﻌﻄﻴﻬﻢ
ﺗﻴﺒﻞ ﻓﺮاح ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻚ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﻚ ﺑﺎ��ﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﺮﻣﺰ إﻟﻰ
....اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ا��ﺧﺮى
)- Metric = Cost (lesser = Better link stateﻫﻲ ospfﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ أو اﻟﺮﺗﺎﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺮاوﺗﺮات
ﻓﺎﻟﺮاوﺗﺮ اﻟﻲ ﻧﺎﻗﺼﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺮوح ﻓﺎﻗﻊ advertisement
- Dijkstra algorithm وﺑﺮوح ﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ب LSUpdateوﺑﺘﻢ اﻟﺮد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ب LSRequest
LSAcknowledgement.
linkﻟﻬﻴﻚ داﻳﻤﺎ ﺑﺘ��ﻗﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺮاوﺗﺮات ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ وﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ��ﻧﻪ
- SPF algorithm for route decision state.
ospf routers in theﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ال link state data baseال
- Process ID for multiple instances network
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Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)
- Neighboring Process:
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Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)
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Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)