New Century Mathematics (Second Edition)

S1 Question Bank
1A Chapter 5 Percentages (I)

Level 3

<bk=1A><ch=5><ex=5A><type=L3><mark=7>
[10138619]
In a company, there are 264 male employees, which are 60% of all employees. If 25% of all
employees are married, in which 44 are male, what percentage of the female employees are
married?
(7 marks)
Solution:
Let n be the total number of employees. 1M
n  60% = 264 1M
n  0.6 = 264
n = 264  0.6
= 440
∴ The total number of employees is 440.
Number of female employees
= 440 − 264 1M
= 176
Number of married employees
= 440  25% 1M
= 440 
= 110
Number of female employees who are married
= 110 − 44 1M
= 66
The required percentage
= 1M
= 37.5% 1A

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 5 Level 3 P.74

<bk=1A><ch=5><ex=5B><type=L3><mark=11>
[10138628]
There are two types of membership in a club: ordinary members and VIP members. Last year, the
ordinary members in the club were 4 times as many as VIP members. This year, the number of
ordinary members drops by 20% while that of VIP members rises by 20%. As a result, the number
of ordinary members is 480 more than that of VIP members.
(a) Find the number of VIP members last year.
(b) Find the total number of members this year.
(c) Find the percentage change in the total number of members as compared to last year.
(11 marks)
Solution:
(a) Let n be the number of VIP members last year.
Then the number of ordinary members was 4n last year. 1M
Number of ordinary members this year = 4n  (1  20%) 1M
= 4n  0.8
= 3.2n
Number of VIP members this year = n  (1 + 20%) 1M
= n  1.2
= 1.2n
3.2n  1.2n = 480 1M
2n = 480
n = 480  2
= 240
∴ The number of VIP members last year was 240. 1A

(b) Total number of members this year

= 3.2  240 + 1.2  240 1M
= 768 + 288
= 1 056 1A

(c) Total number of members last year

= 240 + 4  240 1M
= 240 + 960
= 1 200
Percentage change
= 1M+1M

= 12% 1A

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<bk=1A><ch=5><ex=5B><type=L3><mark=15>
[10138686]
A bus company will adjust the bus fare for each route according to one of the following plans.
Plan 1: An increase of 10%.
Plan 2: An increase of 5% with an additional service fare of $0.2 per trip.
(a) The original bus fare of a certain route is $3.6. Which plan will give a lower new bus fare?
Explain your answer.
(b) For a certain bus route, the bus fare will be increased by $1.1 when plan 2 is chosen.
(i) Find the original bus fare of this bus route.
(ii) A student claims that plan 1 can always give a lower bus fare than plan 2. Do you agree?
Explain your answer.
(c) If plan 2 is chosen, then the sum of the bus fares of all the routes will increase from $300 to
$325. How many bus routes are there?
(15 marks)
Solution:
(a) New bus fare for plan 1 = $3.6  (1 + 10%) 1M
= $3.6  1.1
= $3.96
New bus fare for plan 2 = $[3.6  (1 + 5%) + 0.2] 1M
= $[3.6  1.05 + 0.2]
= $[3.78 + 0.2]
= $3.98
∵ $3.96 < $3.98 1M
∴ Plan 1 will give a lower new bus fare. 1A

(b) (i) Let $p be the original bus fare. 1M

When plan 2 is chosen,
the new bus fare = $[p  (1 + 5%) + 0.2] 1M
= $(1.05p + 0.2)
(1.05p + 0.2) − p = 1.1 1M
0.05p = 0.9
p = 0.9  0.05
= 18
∴ The original bus fare is $18. 1A

(ii) When plan 1 is chosen,

the new bus fare = $18  (1 + 10%) 1M
= $18  1.1
= $19.8

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 5 Level 3 P.76

 When plan 2 is chosen,
the new bus fare = $(18 + 1.1) 1M
= $19.1
∵ $19.8 > $19.1 1M
∴ Plan 1 gives a higher bus fare.
∴ The claim is disagreed. 1A

(c) Let n be the total number of bus routes.

300  (1 + 5%) + n  0.2 = 325 1M+1A
300  1.05 + 0.2n = 325
315 + 0.2n = 325
0.2n = 10
n = 10  0.2
= 50
∴ There are 50 bus routes. 1A

<bk=1A><ch=5><ex=5C><type=L3><mark=7>
[10138794]
Janet bought a doll for $p and spent $138 to decorate the doll. If she sells the doll at a price 92%
higher than $p, she will make a profit of 60%.
(a) Find the value of p.
(b) If the doll is sold at $966 finally, can Janet make a profit? Explain your answer.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) Total cost price = $(p + 138) 1A
Selling price of the doll = $p  (1 + 92%) 1M
= $p  (1 + 0.92)
= $1.92p
∴ (p + 138)  (1 + 60%) = 1.92p 1M
(p + 138)  1.6 = 1.92p
p + 138 = 1.92p  1.6
p + 138 = 1.2p
0.2p = 138
p = 138  0.2
= 690 1A

(b) Total cost price = $(690 + 138) 1M

= $828
∵ $966 > $828
i.e. Selling price > total cost price 1M

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 5 Level 3 P.77

 ∴ Janet can make a profit. 1A

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<bk=1A><ch=5><ex=5C><type=L3><mark=9>
[10138818]
A wardrobe is available for sale in a shop. If the selling price of the wardrobe increases by 20%,
the loss will decrease by 60%. If the selling price of the wardrobe decreases by $300, the loss will
increase by 50%. Find the selling price of the wardrobe.
(9 marks)
Solution:
If the selling price decreases by $300, the loss will increase by $300. 1M
Let $L be the original loss by selling the wardrobe. 1M
L  (1 + 50%) = 300 1M
L  1.5 = 300
L = 300  1.5
= 200
∴ The original loss is $200. 1A
Let $S be the selling price of the wardrobe.
Cost price = $(S + 200) 1M
If the selling price increases by 20%,
new selling price
= $S  (1 + 20%) 1M
= $1.2S
new loss
= $[(S + 200) − 1.2S] 1M
= $[200 − 0.2S]
∴ 200 − 0.2S = 200  (1 − 60%) 1M
200 − 0.2S = 200  0.4
200 − 0.2S = 80
0.2S = 200 − 80
0.2S = 120
S = 120  0.2
= 600
∴ The selling price of the wardrobe is $600. 1A

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 5 Level 3 P.79

<bk=1A><ch=5><ex=5D><type=L3><mark=8>
[10138831]
In a shop, when a handbag is sold at a discount of 50%, a profit of 50% is made. The shopkeeper
claims that if the handbag is sold at the marked price, a profit of 100% will be made. Do you
agree? Explain your answer.
(8 marks)
Solution:
Let $c and $p be the cost price and the marked price of the handbag respectively. 1M
p  (1 − 50%) = c  (1 + 50%) 1M+1M
p  0.5 = c  1.5
p = c  1.5  0.5
= 3c 1A
If the handbag is sold at the marked price,
profit
= $(p – c)
= $(3c – c) 1M
= $2c
profit %
= 1M
= 200%
∵ 200%  100% 1M
∴ The claim is disagreed. 1A

<bk=1A><ch=5><ex=5D><type=L3><mark=11>
[10138833]
Joyce wants to buy a jacket and a T-shirt in either shops A or B. In shop A, the jacket is marked at
$1 600. If she buys the jacket at the marked price in shop A, the T-shirt can be got for free and the
overall discount is 36%.
(a) Find the marked price of the T-shirt in shop A.
(b) In shop B, the marked price of the T-shirt is $200 lower than that in shop A. The jacket and the
T-shirt are now sold at discounts of 39% and 14% respectively. It is given that the overall
discount of the two items in shop B is $800.
(i) Find the marked price of the jacket in shop B.
(ii) Which shop should Joyce choose so that she can buy the two items at a lower price?
Explain your answer.
(11 marks)

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 5 Level 3 P.80

Solution:
(a) Let $x be the marked price of the T-shirt in shop A. 1M
∵ Overall discount = marked price of the T-shirt 1M
∴ (x + 1 600)  36% = x 1M
0.36x + 1 600  0.36 = x
0.36x + 576 = x
0.64x = 576
x = 576  0.64
= 900
∴ The marked price of the T-shirt in shop A is $900. 1A

(b) (i) Marked price of the T-shirt in shop B

= $(900 − 200) 1M
= $700
Let $y be the marked price of the jacket in shop B.
y  39% + 700  14% = 800 1M+1A
y  0.39 + 700  0.14 = 800
0.39y + 98 = 800
0.39y = 702
y = 702  0.39
= 1 800
∴ The marked price of the jacket in shop B is $1 800. 1A

(ii) Total selling price of the two items in shop B

= $(1 800 + 700 − 800) 1M
= $1 700
Total selling price of the two items in shop A = $1 600
∵ $1 600 < $1 700 1M
∴ The total selling price of the two items is lower in shop A.
∴ She should choose shop A. 1A

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 5 Level 3 P.81