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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition)
S1 Question Bank
1A Chapter 6 Estimation in Numbers and Measurement
Level 2
<bk=1A><ch=6><ex=6A><type=L2><mark=6>
[10144607]
Use suitable estimation strategies to determine whether the estimated value of each of the
following numerical expressions is reasonable and explain your estimation strategy.
(a) 25.1  7.9  200
(b) 16.3  48.8  9.5  80
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) Using compatible numbers,
25.1  7.9  25  8 1M+1A
= 200
∴ The given estimated value is reasonable. 1A
(b) Using compatible numbers,

16.3  48.8  9.5  16  50  10 1M+1A
= 800  10
= 80
[10144639]
(a) 12.1  54.8  3  400
(b) 4.6 + 5.2 + 4.8 + 4.7 + 9.8  30
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) Using translation strategy,
12.1  54.8  3  12  55  3 1M+1A
= 12  3  55 1M
= 4  55
= 220
∴ The given estimated value is not reasonable. 1A
© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.30

(b) By choosing a suitable clustered value for the first 4 numbers,
4.6 + 5.2 + 4.8 + 4.7 + 9.8  5  4 + 10 1M+1M
= 20 + 10
= 30
[10144673]
(a) 54.2  0.336  8.7  5
(b) (16.5 + 15.3 + 15.8 + 16.2 + 15.4)  27  3
(7 marks)
Solution:
54.2  0.336  8.7  1M+1A
= 18  9
=2
∴ The given estimated value is not reasonable. 1A
(b) By choosing a suitable clustered value,

(16.5 + 15.3 + 15.8 + 16.2 + 15.4)  27  16  5  27 1M+1A
= 80  27
 81  27 1M
=3
[10144700]
Use suitable estimation strategies to estimate the values of the following numerical expressions
and explain your estimation strategy.
(a) 183 + 181 + 176 + 179 + 178 + 180
(b) 7.56 − 3.24 + 1.28 − 4.57 + 1.09
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) By choosing a suitable clustered value,
183 + 181 + 176 + 179 + 178 + 180  180 + 180 + 180 + 180 + 180 + 180 1M+1A
= 180  6
= 1 080 (or other reasonable answers) 1A
(b) By front-end method,
7.56 − 3.24 + 1.28 − 4.57 + 1.09  7 − 3 + 1 − 4 + 1 1M+1A
= 2 (or other reasonable answers) 1A
[10144709]
(a) 150  (2.967 + 2.818 + 3.111 + 3.053 + 2.943)
(b) 635  20.19  7.84
(7 marks)
Solution:
150  (2.967 + 2.818 + 3.111 + 3.053 + 2.943)
 150  (3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3) 1M+1A
= 150  (3  5)
= 150  15
(b) Using translation strategy,

635  20.19  7.84  640  20  8 1M+1A
= 640  8  20 1M
= 80  20
[10144736]
(a) 17.2  0.66  0.24
(b)
(6 marks)
Solution:
17.2  0.66  0.24  1M+1A
 12  4

(b) By choosing a suitable clustered value,
 1M+1A
=
[10144769]
(a) 15.42  6 + 9.73  10.45  8
(b)
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) By rounding off each number to the nearest one,
15.42  6 + 9.73  10.45  8  15  6 + 10  10  8 1M+1A
= 90 + 10 − 80
(b) By rounding off each number to the nearest hundred,


1M+1A
=
=
= −22.5 (or other reasonable answers) 1A
[10144772]
(a) By rounding down each number to the nearest one, estimate the value of
18.28 + 12.07 + 12.75 + 12.54 + 12.43.
(b) Using compensation strategy, find an estimated value which is more accurate than that in (a).
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) 18.28 + 12.07 + 12.75 + 12.54 + 12.43
 18 + 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 1M
= 66 1A

(b) From (a), sum of the integral parts of the numbers = 66 1M
Sum of the decimal parts of the numbers
= 0.28 + 0.07 + 0.75 + 0.54 + 0.43
= (0.28 + 0.75) + (0.07 + 0.54 + 0.43) 1M
1+1 1M
=2
∴ The required estimated value = 66 + 2 = 68 1A
[10144834]
Estimate whether the sum of 47.8, 61.5, 90.6, 83.2 and 76.9
(a) is larger than 300,
(b) is smaller than 400.
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) By rounding down each number to the nearest ten,
47.8 + 61.5 + 90.6 + 83.2 + 76.9  40 + 60 + 90 + 80 + 70 1M
= 340 1A
> 300
∴ The sum of the numbers is larger than 300. 1A
(b) By rounding up each number to the nearest ten,

47.8 + 61.5 + 90.6 + 83.2 + 76.9  50 + 70 + 100 + 90 + 80 1M
= 390 1A
< 400
∴ The sum of the numbers is smaller than 400. 1A
[10144846]
Estimate whether the sum of 315, 273, 42, 230, 186, 264, 259 and 82
(a) is larger than 1 800,
(b) is smaller than 1 600.
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) By rounding up each number to the nearest ten,
315 + 273 + 42 + 230 + 186 + 264 + 259 + 82
 320 + 280 + 50 + 230 + 190 + 270 + 260 + 90 1M
= 1 690 1A
< 1 800
∴ The sum of the numbers is not larger than 1 800. 1A

(b) By rounding down each number to the nearest ten,
315 + 273 + 42 + 230 + 186 + 264 + 259 + 82
 310 + 270 + 40 + 230 + 180 + 260 + 250 + 80 1M
= 1 620 1A
> 1 600
∴ The sum of the numbers is not smaller than 1 600. 1A
[10144930]
The heights of 7 boys are as follows:
128.4 cm, 132.8 cm, 131.9 cm, 130.1 cm, 131.8 cm, 129.5 cm, 131.1 cm
Estimate the average height of the 7 boys.
(3 marks)
Solution:
Average height of the 7 boys = cm
1M
 cm 1M
= cm
= 130 cm (or other reasonable answers) 1A
[10145026]
The lengths of 10 songs in a CD are as follows:
4 min 11 s, 4 min 1 s, 3 min 56 s, 3 min 57 s, 4 min 3 s,
4 min 13 s, 4 min 5 s, 3 min 57 s, 4 min 9 s, 3 min 47 s
Estimate the total length of the 10 songs.
(3 marks)
Solution:
Total length of the 10 songs
= min 1M
 4  10 min 1M
= 40 min (or other reasonable answers) 1A

[10145038]
The area of a park is 79 625 m2. If 1 acre equals 4 047 m2, estimate the area of the park in acres.
(3 marks)
Solution:
Area of the park in acres = (79 625  4 047) acres 1M
 (80 000  4 000) acres 1M
= 20 acres (or other reasonable answers) 1A
[10145105]
The volume of petrol in a tank is 225 L. If 1 gallon equals 3.78 L, use compatible numbers to
estimate the volume of petrol in the tank in gallons.
(Take 3.78  .)
(3 marks)
Solution:
Volume of petrol in the tank = (225  3.78) gallons 1M
 gallons 1M
= 225  gallons
= 60 gallons 1A
[10145116]
In a school, the numbers of students in all the 17 classes are 32, 39, 35, 38, 36, 32, 30, 34, 39, 37,
39, 31, 32, 38, 38, 39 and 35.
(a) Estimate the total number of students in the school.
(b) Every student in the school participated in a flag day. The total amount raised by all the
students was $95 270. Estimate the average amount raised by each student.
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) Total number of students
= 32 + 39 + 35 + 38 + 36 + 32 + 30 + 34 + 39 + 37 + 39 + 31 + 32 + 38 + 38 + 39 + 35 1M
 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 1M
= 35  17

(b) Average amount raised by each student
 1M
 1M
= $160 (or other reasonable answers) 1A
[10145134]
The table below shows the unit prices and quantities of items that Miss Liu buys at a convenience
store.
Unit price $13.9 $2.1 $11.7 $8.3
Quantity 3 13 4 1
(a) By rounding down the unit prices of the items to the nearest dollar, estimate the total amount
that she should pay.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) Total amount = $(13.9  3 + 2.1  13 + 11.7  4 + 8.3  1) 1M
 $(13  3 + 2  13 + 11  4 + 8  1) 1M
= $(39 + 26 + 44 + 8)
= $117 1A
(b) From (a), sum of the integral parts = $117 1M

Sum of the decimal parts = $(0.9  3 + 0.1  13 + 0.7  4 + 0.3  1) 1M
= $(2.7 + 1.3 + 2.8 + 0.3)
= $[(2.7 + 1.3) + (2.8 + 0.3)]
 $(4 + 3) 1M
= $7
∴ The required estimated value
= $(117 + 7)
= $124 1A

[10145151]
The weights of five tourists are given in the table below.
Paul Queenie Rose Stanley Tom
Weight 82 kg 53 kg 76 kg 104 kg 99 kg
(a) Estimate their total weight
(i) by rounding down each weight to the nearest 10 kg,
(ii) by rounding up each weight to the nearest 10 kg.
(b) The maximum weight that a hot-air balloon can carry is 450 kg. Can the balloon carry these
5 tourists at the same time? Explain your answer.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) (i) Total weight = (82 + 53 + 76 + 104 + 99) kg 1M
 (80 + 50 + 70 + 100 + 90) kg 1M
= 390 kg 1A
(ii) Total weight = (82 + 53 + 76 + 104 + 99) kg

 (90 + 60 + 80 + 110 + 100) kg 1M
= 440 kg 1A
(b) From the result of (a)(ii),

total weight < 440 kg < 450 kg 1M
∴ The balloon can carry these 5 tourists at the same time. 1A
[10145196]
The table below shows the daily numbers of items sold by Ken last week.
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
Number of
57 22 50 69 49 61 38
items sold
(a) Estimate the total number of items sold
(i) by rounding down each number to the nearest 10,
(ii) by rounding up each number to the nearest 10.
(b) Ken can get a bonus if he sells more than 300 items in a week. Could he get a bonus last
week? Explain your answer.
(7 marks)

Solution:
(a) (i) Total number of items sold = 57 + 22 + 50 + 69 + 49 + 61 + 38 1M
 50 + 20 + 50 + 60 + 40 + 60 + 30 1M
= 310 1A
(ii) Total number of items sold = 57 + 22 + 50 + 69 + 49 + 61 + 38

 60 + 30 + 50 + 70 + 50 + 70 + 40 1M
= 370 1A
(b) From the result of (a)(i),

total number of items sold > 310 > 300 1M
∴ He could get a bonus last week. 1A
[10145198]
Jane has RMB 967 and wants to exchange the sum of money for HKD. Suppose RMB 1 is
exchanged for HKD 1.254.
(a) Estimate the sum of money obtained in HK dollars
(i) by rounding up the amount of RMB that she has to the nearest thousand dollars,
(ii) using compatible numbers.
(b) Jane wants to buy an electric fan for HKD 1 400. Using the results of (a), determine whether
she has enough money to buy the fan.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) (i) Sum of money obtained in HK dollars
= $967  1.254
 $1 000  1.254 1M
= $1 254 1A
(ii) Sum of money obtained in HK dollars

= $967  1.254 1M
$ 1M
= $1 200 (or other reasonable answers) 1A

sum of money obtained in HK dollars < HKD 1 254 < HKD 1 400 1M
∴ She does not has enough money to buy the fan. 1A

[10145250]
The monthly profits of a shop in the last six months are $37 856, $28 340, $18 111, $9 527,
$22 641 and $23 980. The manager of the shop claims that a total profit of over $130 000 was
made in the last six months. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
(4 marks)
Solution:
By rounding down each profit to the nearest $1 000,
total profit = $(37 856 + 28 340 + 18 111 + 9 527 + 22 641 + 23 980) 1M
 $(37 000 + 28 000 + 18 000 + 9 000 + 22 000 + 23 000) 1M
= $137 000
> $130 000 1M
∴ The claim is agreed. 1A
[10145281]
Eric wants to buy the following clothes from a boutique:
Clothes Unit price Quantity
T-shirt $88 4
Tie $53 3
Belt $36 2
Eric has $640. Estimate whether he has enough money to buy all the clothes by rounding up each
unit price to the nearest $10.
(4 marks)
Solution:
Total price of the clothes = $(88  4 + 53  3 + 36  2) 1M
 $(90  4 + 60  3 + 40  2) 1M
= $(360 + 180 + 80)
= $620
< $640 1M
∴ He has enough money to buy all the clothes. 1A

[10145286]
An orchestra gives 15 concerts. The following shows the numbers of tickets sold in 5 of the
concerts:
488, 512, 506, 493, 520
(a) Estimate the total number of tickets sold in all the concerts.
(b) It is known that the price of each ticket is $270. The manager of the orchestra estimates that
the total income from the tickets of all the concerts is about $2 000 000. Is the estimation
reasonable? Explain your answer.
(8 marks)
Solution:
(a) Total number of tickets sold in the 5 concerts
= 488 + 512 + 506 + 493 + 520 1M
 500  5 1M
= 2 500 1A
∴ Total number of tickets sold in all the concerts
 2 500  5  15 1M
(b) Total income

 $270  7 500 1M
= $2 025 000
∵ $2 025 000 is close to $2 000 000. 1M
∴ The estimation is reasonable. 1A
[10145300]
The prices of eight items are $67, $382, $215, $490, $173, $554, $849 and $108.
(a) Estimate whether the total price of the eight items
(i) is less than $3 400,
(ii) exceeds $2 200.
(b) The manager of a company wants to buy 3 sets of gifts for the Christmas parties of 3
departments respectively. Each set of gifts consists of the eight items mentioned above. If he
has $10 000, does he have enough money to buy all the gifts? Explain your answer.
(10 marks)

Solution:
(a) (i) By rounding up each price to the nearest $100,
total price of the eight items
= $(67 + 382 + 215 + 490 + 173 + 554 + 849 + 108) 1M
 $(100 + 400 + 300 + 500 + 200 + 600 + 900 + 200) 1M
= $3 200 1A
< $3 400
∴ The total price of the eight items is less than $3 400. 1A
(ii) By rounding down each price to the nearest $100,

total price of the eight items
= $(67 + 382 + 215 + 490 + 173 + 554 + 849 + 108)
 $(0 + 300 + 200 + 400 + 100 + 500 + 800 + 100) 1M
= $2 400
> $2 200 1A
∴ The total price of the eight items exceeds $2 200. 1A

total price of the 3 sets of gifts  $3 200  3 1M
= $9 600
< $10 000 1M
∴ He has enough money to buy all the gifts. 1A
[10145339]
In Mr Lam’s flat, the dimensions of a dining room are 6.94 m  2.77 m, and the dimensions of a
bedroom are 3.81 m  1.9 m.
(a) By rounding up each length to the nearest m, estimate the total area of the dining room and the
bedroom.
(b) Mr Lam wants to cover the floors of the dining room and the bedroom with carpet. The cost of
each m2 of carpet is $400. If he has $13 000, is it enough to buy the carpet required? Explain
your answer.
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) Total area of the dining room and the bedroom
= (6.94  2.77 + 3.81  1.9) m2 1M
 (7  3 + 4  2) m2 1M
= (21 + 8) m2
= 29 m2 1A

(b) Total cost of the carpet
 $400  29 1M
= $11 600
< $13 000 1M
∴ He has enough money to buy the carpet required. 1A
[10145404]
Alex wants to buy 6 items at a shop. The prices of the 6 items are $91, $376, $324, $205, $113 and
$285. He will pay with a $100 cash coupon if the total price of the 6 items exceeds $1 000.
(a) Will he pay with the coupon? Explain your answer.
(b) Using compensation strategy, estimate the amount that Alex should pay to buy these 6 items.
(10 marks)
Solution:
(a) By rounding down each price to the nearest $100,
total price = $(91 + 376 + 324 + 205 + 113 + 285) 1M
 $(0 + 300 + 300 + 200 + 100 + 200) 1M
= $1 100
> $1 000 1M
∴ He will pay with the coupon. 1A
(b) From (a), by rounding down each price to the nearest $100, total price = $1 100 1M
Adjustment:
$(91 + 76 + 24 + 5 + 13 + 85) 1M
= $[(91 + 5) + (76 + 24) + (13 + 85)] 1M
 $(100 + 100 + 100) 1M
= $300
∴ The estimated value of the total price of the items
= $(1 100 + 300)
= $1 400 1A
∴ The estimated amount that Alex should pay
= $(1 400 − 100)

[10145481]
5 students are having lunch together, and they order 5 sets of lunch. The prices of the sets are $33,
$27, $29, $28 and $35. It is known that a 10% discount will be given if the total price of the meals
ordered is more than $120.
(a) Can they enjoy the discount? Explain your answer.
(b) By choosing a suitable clustered value, estimate the total amount they should pay after the
discount.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) By rounding down the prices of the sets of lunch to the nearest $10,
total price
= $(33 + 27 + 29 + 28 + 35) 1M
 $(30 + 20 + 20 + 20 + 30) 1M
= $120 1A
Since the actual total price is more than $120, they can enjoy the discount. 1A
(b) The required total amount

= $(33 + 27 + 29 + 28 + 35)  (1  10%) 1M
 $(30 + 30 + 30 + 30 + 30)  0.9 1M
= $150  0.9
= $135 1A
<bk=1A><ch=6><ex=6B><type=L2><mark=3>
[10145523]
Kenny uses a grid paper to measure the area of the shaded region as shown in the figure.
(a) Estimate the area of the shaded region.
(b) Suggest a way to reduce the error in the result of (a).
(3 marks)

Solution:
(a) Number of squares occupied by the shaded region
 24 + 12 1M
= 36
∴ Area of the shaded region
 36 cm2 1A
(b) We can use a graph paper with smaller grids to reduce the error in the result of (a) 1A
(or other reasonable answers).
[10145536]
On the map as shown below, the distance between cities P and Q is 2 cm. The actual distance
between the two cities is about 6 km.
Estimate the actual distances between the following cities.

(a) P and R
(b) Q and R
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) From observation, the distance between P and R is about 1.5 times that between P and Q.
∴ Actual distance between P and R  6  1.5 km 1M+1A
= 9 km (or other reasonable answers) 1A
(b) From observation, the distance between Q and R is about 2 times that between P and Q.
∴ Actual distance between Q and R  6  2 km 1M+1A
= 12 km (or other reasonable answers) 1A

[10145588]
The figure shows a piece of paper. 12 circles can be cut from the paper. It is known that the radius
of each circle is about 2 cm. Estimate the area of the paper.
(6 marks)
Solution:
From observation, the length of the paper is about 4 times the diameter of a circle.
∴ Length of the paper  2  2  4 cm 1M+1A
= 16 cm
From observation, the width of the paper is about 3 times the diameter of a circle.
∴ Width of the paper  2  2  3 cm 1M+1A
= 12 cm
∴ Area of the paper  16  12 cm2 1A
= 192 cm2 (or other reasonable answers) 1A
[10145676]
As shown in the figure, a poster is stuck on the notice board of Science Club. It is given that the
length and the width of the poster are about 1.25 m and 0.75 m respectively.
(a) Estimate the length and the width of the notice board.
(b) Find the approximate area of the notice board.
(8 marks)
Solution:
(a) From observation, the length of the notice board is about 4 times the width of the poster.
∴ Length of the notice board  0.75  4 m 1M+1A
= 3 m (or other reasonable answers) 1A
From observation, the width of the notice board is about 2 times the length of the poster.
∴ Width of the notice board  1.25  2 m 1M+1A
= 2.5 m (or other reasonable answers) 1A

(b) Area of the notice board  3  2.5 m2 1M
= 7.5 m2 (or other reasonable answers) 1A
[10145752]
The figure shows a bookshelf of height 3.6 m and length 2.4 m in front of a wall.
(a) Estimate the area of the whole wall.

(b) If each bucket of paint can cover a region of area 2.7 m2, find the minimum number of buckets
of paint that are needed to cover the whole wall.
(10 marks)
Solution:
(a) From observation, the height of the wall is about 1.5 times the height of the bookshelf.
∴ Height of the wall  3.6  1.5 m 1M+1A
= 5.4 m
From observation, the width of the wall is about 4 times the width of the bookshelf.
∴ Width of the wall  2.4  4 m 1M+1A
= 9.6 m
∴ Area of the whole wall  9.6  5.4 m2 1M
 10  5 m2 1M
= 50 m2 (or other reasonable answers) 1A
(b) Minimum number of buckets of paint needed  1M
 1M
=

[10145753]
In the figure, 4 different kinds of rectangles A, B, C and D form a large rectangle PQRS. It is
known that the dimensions of rectangle A are 3 cm  2 cm.
(a) Estimate the area of rectangle C.
(b) Hence, estimate the area of rectangle PQRS.
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) From observation, the area of rectangle C is about 4 times that of rectangle A.
∴ Area of rectangle C
 3  2  4 cm2 1M+1A
(b) From observation, the area of rectangle PQRS is about 4 times that of rectangle C.
∴ Area of rectangle PQRS
 24  4 cm2 1M+1A
[10145757]
The figure shows a box with two layers of cans. Each layer holds 15 cans. Estimate the capacity of
the box.
(7 marks)

Solution:
From observation, the length of the box is about 5 times the diameter of each can.
Length of the box  6  5 cm 1M+1A
= 30 cm
From observation, the width of the box is about 3 times the diameter of each can.
Width of the box  6  3 cm 1A
= 18 cm
From observation, the height of the box is about 2 times the height of each can.
Height of the box  4  2 cm 1A
= 8 cm
∴ Capacity of the box  30  18  8 cm3 1M+1A
= 4 320 cm3 1A
[10145762]
In the figure, 4 cans are put into a box. It is known that the radius and the height of a can are about
4 cm and 10 cm respectively. Estimate the capacity of the box.
(7 marks)
Solution:
From observation, the length of the box is about 4 times the diameter of each can.
Length of the box  4  2  4 cm 1M+1A
= 32 cm
From observation, the width of the box is about 2 times the diameter of each can.
Width of the box  4  2  2 cm 1A
= 16 cm
From observation, the height of the box is about 2 times the height of each can.
Height of the box  10  2 cm 1A
= 20 cm
∴ Capacity of the box  32  16  20 cm3 1M+1A
= 10 240 cm3 1A

[10145829]
In the figure, some dots are inside a rectangle.
After counting, it is known that there are 30 dots in the shaded square. Estimate the total number
of dots in the whole rectangle and explain your estimation strategy.
(3 marks)
Solution:
From observation, the whole rectangle can approximately be divided into 6 equal parts by such
shaded square.
∴ Total number of dots in the whole rectangle  30  6 1M+1A
[10145847]
The figure shows the top view of a car park. Each ‘ ’ in the figure represents a car.
Estimate the total number of cars in the car park and explain your estimation strategy.
(4 marks)
Solution:
Refer to the figure.
The dotted lines divide the car park into 12 smaller rectangular regions. 1M
Number of cars in the region at the top left corner = 18 1A
∴ Total number of cars in the car park
 18  12 1M

[10145893]
The figure shows a hexagonal box containing some sweets. The box is divided into six identical
trapezoidal trays and a small hexagonal tray at the centre of the box.
(a) Count the number of sweets in the tray at the top centre of the figure.
(b) Estimate the number of sweets in the whole box.
(5 marks)
Solution:
(a) By counting, the number of sweets in the tray at the top centre = 19 1A
(b) Total number of sweets in the six trapezoidal trays

 19  6 1M
= 114
By counting, the number of sweets in the hexagonal tray = 13
∴ Number of sweets in the whole box  114 + 13 1M+1A
[10145922]
The figure shows the floor plan of 16 wards on the first floor of a hospital. A bed in each ward is
represented by ‘ ’.
(a) (i) Count the number of beds in the ward at the top left corner.
(ii) Estimate the total number of beds on that floor.
(b) There are 5 floors in the hospital and the number of wards on each floor is the same. The
manager of the hospital claims that there are about 1 000 beds in the hospital. Do you agree?
Explain your answer.
(7 marks)

Solution:
(a) (i) Required number of beds = 9 1A
(ii) Total number of beds  9  16 1M

(b) Total number of beds

 144  5 1M
= 720 1A
∵ 720 is not close to 1 000. 1M
∴ The claim is disagreed. 1A
[10145930]
Stella has 8 boxes of sweets. She finds that there are 50 sweets in one of the boxes.
(a) Estimate the total number of sweets in the 8 boxes.
(b) The total weight of all the sweets is measured to be 128 g. Estimate the weight of each sweet.
(5 marks)
Solution:
(a) Total number of sweets
 50  8 1M
= 400 1A
(b) Weight of each sweet

 g 1M
 g 1M
= 0.3 g (or other reasonable answers) 1A
[10145976]
Chris buys a box of potato chips. The box contains 6 packets of potato chips. The total amount of
fat contained in the box of chips is 54.3 g.
(a) Estimate the amount of fat contained in each packet of potato chips.
(b) Chris opens one of the packets and finds that there are 17 potato chips inside. Estimate the
amount of fat contained in each potato chip.
(6 marks)

Solution:
(a) Amount of fat contained in each packet of potato chips
 g 1M
 g 1M
= 9 g (or other reasonable answers) 1A
(b) Amount of fat contained in each potato chip

 g 1M
 g 1M
[10145987]
There are 15 residential blocks in a housing estate and about 12 000 households live there.
(a) Estimate the number of households in each block in the estate.
(b) A cleaner finds that the total weight of domestic waste collected from one of the blocks is
about 960 kg on a certain day. Estimate the weight of domestic waste collected from a
household in the block on a day.
(4 marks)
Solution:
(a) Number of households in each block
 1M
= 800 1A
(b) Weight of domestic waste collected from a household in the block on a day
 kg 1M
= 1.2 kg 1A

[10146002]
Gary is going to read an article of 3 whole pages. He wants to know the approximate number of
words in the article. So, he counts that there are 32 rows on page 2, and the first row contains 25
words.
(a) According to the above information, estimate
(i) the number of words on page 2,
(ii) the number of words in the article.
(b) If Gary can read 40 words in 9 seconds, estimate the time (in minutes) required for him to read
the whole article.
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) (i) Number of words on page 2
 25  32 1M
= 800 1A
(ii) Number of words in the article

 800  3 1M
= 2 400 1A
(b) The required time

 (2 400  40  9) seconds 1M
= (60  9) seconds
= 9 minutes 1A
[10146013]
When a load is hung on a spring, the length s cm of the spring can be calculated by the formula
, where w kg is the weight of the load. Paul hangs 52 wooden blocks on the spring and
each block weighs 44 g.
(a) Estimate the total weight (in kg) of the wooden blocks.
(b) Estimate the length (in cm) of the spring.
(Take  = .)
(5 marks)
Solution:
(a) Total weight of the wooden blocks
= 44  52 g 1M
 44  50 g 1M
= 2 200 g
= 2.2 kg (or other reasonable answers) 1A

(b) Length of the spring  cm 1M
= (20 + 0.7) cm
= 20.7 cm (or other reasonable answers) 1A
[10146076]
The figure shows a floor covered by several identical square tiles. A circular carpet is put at the
centre of the floor.
(a) Estimate the diameter of the carpet.

(b) Using the formula ‘area of a circle =   radius2’ to estimate the area of the carpet.
(Take  = .)
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) From observation, the diameter of the carpet is about 4 times the length of a side of a square
tile.
∴ Diameter of the carpet  30  4 cm 1M+1A
= 120 cm (or other reasonable answers) 1A
(b) Radius of the carpet  cm 1M

= 60 cm
Area of the carpet  cm2 1M
= cm2
 cm2 1M
= 11 000 cm2 (or other reasonable answers) 1A

[10146084]
Use suitable estimation strategies to find the estimated values of the following numerical
expressions and explain your estimation strategy.
(a) 80.38  29.5  8.2
(b) 18.6  0.98 + 17.69  6.25
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) Using translation strategy,
80.38  29.5  8.2
 80  30  8 1M+1A
= 80  8  30 1M
= 10  30
= 300 1A
(b) By rounding off each number to the nearest one,

18.6  0.98 + 17.69  6.25
 19  1 + 18  6 1M+1A
= 19 + 3
= 22 1A
[10146107]
Use suitable estimation strategies to find the estimated values of the following numerical
expressions and explain your estimation strategy.
(a) (40.3 + 38.7 + 44.05 + 39.4 + 41.65 + 37.5)  3
(b) 736  20.4  6.98
(7 marks)
Solution:
(40.3 + 38.7 + 44.05 + 39.4 + 41.65 + 37.5)  3
 (40 + 40 + 40 + 40 + 40 + 40)  3 1M+1A
= 40  6  3
= 40  2
= 80 1A

(b) Using translation strategy,
736  20.4  6.98
 700  20  7 1M+1A
= 700  7  20 1M
= 100  20
= 2 000 1A
[10146110]
(a) By front-end method, estimate the value of 20.17 + 0.96 + 6.79 + 8.44 + 2.54.
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) 20.17 + 0.96 + 6.79 + 8.44 + 2.54
 20 + 0 + 6 + 8 + 2 1M
= 36 1A
(b) From (a), the sum of integral parts of the numbers = 36 1M

Sum of decimal parts of the numbers
= 0.17 + 0.96 + 0.79 + 0.44 + 0.54 1M
= (0.17 + 0.79) + (0.44 + 0.54) + 0.96
1+1+1 1M
=3
∴ The required estimated value
= 36 + 3
[10146201]
The 6 classes of S5 students in a school are going to see an exhibition. The numbers of students in
the 6 classes are 27, 30, 32, 28, 29 and 31. If the total number of students is over 150, each of them
can buy a group ticket where its price is half of an adult ticket.
(a) Can they buy the group tickets? Explain your answer.
(b) If the price of each adult ticket is $20, estimate the total amount they need to pay for the
tickets.
(8 marks)

Solution:
(a) By rounding down the number of students in each class to the nearest ten,
total number of students = 27 + 30 + 32 + 28 + 29 + 31 1M
 20 + 30 + 30 + 20 + 20 + 30 1M+1A
= 150
∵ The actual total number of students is more than 150. 1M
∴ They can buy the group tickets. 1A
(b) Total amount they need to pay = $ 1M

 $10  (30  6) 1M
= $10  180
[10146226]
The table below shows the prices and the quantities of the items which Mr Lee buys at the
supermarket. It is known that Mr Lee has $150. Estimate whether he has enough money to pay for
the items.
Price $9.9 $35.1 $24.8 $6.3
Quantity 3 1 2 1
(4 marks)
Solution:
By rounding up the price of each item to the nearest $1,
total price = $(9.9  3 + 35.1 + 24.8  2 + 6.3) 1M
 $(10  3 + 36 + 25  2 + 7) 1M
= $(30 + 36 + 50 + 7)
= $123
< $150 1M
∴ He has enough money to pay for the items. 1A
[10146270]
Frank writes articles for a magazine and he would receive $20 for every 50 words. Now Frank has
written an article with 36 rows. He counts that the numbers of words in the first 4 rows are 14, 15,
16 and 15 respectively.
(a) Estimate the amount that Frank can get by writing the article.
(b) If Frank wants to earn $500, estimate the number of additional rows he has to write.
(12 marks)

Solution:
(a) Total number of words in the first 4 rows = 14 + 15 + 16 + 15 1M
 15  4 1M
= 60
∴ Total number of words in 36 rows  60  4  36 1M
= 36  4  60 1M
= 9  60
= 540
∴ Amount that Frank can get  $20  (540  50) 1M+1A
 $20  (550  50) 1M
= $20  11
= $220 (or other reasonable answers) 1A
(b) Number of additional rows he has to write

 (500 − 220)  20  50  15 1M+1A
= 280  20  50  15
 300  20  50  15 1M
= 300  20  15  50
= 15  15  50
= 1  50
[10146291]
The figure shows a plastic case. The case can just hold 2 layers of cans of coconut juice and each
layer contains 15 cans of juice. The height and the radius of each can are measured to be 15.2 cm
and 2.1 cm respectively. Estimate the capacity of the plastic case.
(7 marks)

Solution:
From observation, the length of the plastic case is about 5 times the diameter of each can.
Length of the plastic case
 2.1  2  5 cm 1M+1A
= 21 cm
From observation, the width of the plastic case is about 3 times the diameter of each can.
Width of the plastic case
 2.1  2  3 cm 1A
= 12.6 cm
From observation, the height of the plastic case is about 2 times the height of each can.
Height of the plastic case
 15.2  2 cm 1A
= 30.4 cm
∴ Capacity of the plastic case
 21  12.6  30.4 cm3 1M
 20  12  30 cm3 1M
= 240  30 cm3
= 7 200 cm3 1A
[10146293]
The height and the weight of a pile of 30 magazines are about 9 cm and about 3 kg respectively.
(a) Estimate
(i) the thickness,
(ii) the weight
of each magazine.
(b) If there are 124 pieces of paper in each magazine, estimate the weight (in g) of each piece of
paper.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) (i) Thickness of each magazine  cm 1M
= 0.3 cm 1A
(ii) Weight of each magazine  kg 1M
= 0.1 kg 1A

(b) Weight of each piece of paper  kg 1M
= g
 g 1M

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition)

(b) Using compatible numbers,

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.30

54.2  0.336  8.7  1M+1A

(b) By choosing a suitable clustered value,

(b) Using translation strategy,

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.32

(b) By rounding off each number to the nearest hundred,

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.33

(b) By rounding up each number to the nearest ten,

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.34

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.35

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.36

(b) From (a), sum of the integral parts = $117 1M

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.37

(ii) Total weight = (82 + 53 + 76 + 104 + 99) kg

(b) From the result of (a)(ii),

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.38

(ii) Total number of items sold = 57 + 22 + 50 + 69 + 49 + 61 + 38

(b) From the result of (a)(i),

(ii) Sum of money obtained in HK dollars

(b) From the result of (a)(i),

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.39

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.40

(b) Total income

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.41

(ii) By rounding down each price to the nearest $100,

(b) From the result of (a)(i),

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.42

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.43

(b) The required total amount

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.44

Estimate the actual distances between the following cities.

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.45

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.46

(a) Estimate the area of the whole wall.

(b) Minimum number of buckets of paint needed  1M

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.47

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.48

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.49

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.50

(b) Total number of sweets in the six trapezoidal trays

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.51

(ii) Total number of beds  9  16 1M

(b) Total number of beds

(b) Weight of each sweet

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.52

(b) Amount of fat contained in each potato chip

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.53

(ii) Number of words in the article

(b) The required time

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.54

(a) Estimate the diameter of the carpet.

(b) Radius of the carpet  cm 1M

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.55

(b) By rounding off each number to the nearest one,

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.56

(b) From (a), the sum of integral parts of the numbers = 36 1M

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.57

(b) Total amount they need to pay = $ 1M

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 1A Chapter 6 Level 2 P.58

(b) Number of additional rows he has to write