SL Topic 7 : Equilibrium

For each question choose the answer you consider to be the best.

1. Which are correct statements concerning a chemical reaction in a state of equilibrium?

I. The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction
II. The concentrations of reactants and products do not change
III. The forward and reverse reactions are still continuing

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III



2. Which statements about an isolated system at equilibrium are always correct?

I. Energy cannot enter or leave the system
II. None of the products can escape
III. The concentrations of the reactants and products are equal

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III




Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking
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3. Which must be a correct statement about the value of the equlibrium constant, Kc, for a
reversible reaction which hardly proceeds in the forward direction?

A. Kc = 0

B. Kc = 1

C. Kc >> 1

D. Kc << 1





4. Which is the correct expression for the equilibrium constant for the following reaction?
2NOCl(g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)

A. Kc = [2NOCl(g)]
[2NO(g)] x [Cl2(g)]

B. Kc = [NO(g)]2 x [Cl2(g)]
[NOCl(g)]2

C. Kc = [NOCl(g)]2
[NO(g)]2 x [Cl2(g)]

D. Kc = [2NO(g)] x [Cl2(g)]
[2NOCl(g)]






Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking
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5. What will be the effect on the value of Kc and the position of equilibrium when the
temperature is decreased in the following reaction?

3H2(g) + N2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) ∆H = – 92 kJ

Value of Kc Position of equilibrium

A. Increases Moves to give more products

B. Increases Moves to give more reactants

C. Decreases Moves to give more products

D. Decreases Moves to give more reactants

6. Which change will increase the amount of sulfur trioxide in the equilibrium mixture?

2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) ∆H = – 197 kJ

A. Increasing the temperature.

B. Adding vanadium pentoxide, V2O5(s), as a catalyst.

C. Doubling the volume of the container.

D. Increasing the pressure.

Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking
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7. What will happen to the value of Kc and the position of equilibrium when some acid is
added to the following reversible reaction?
2CrO42–(aq) + 2H+(aq) ⇌ Cr2O72–(aq) + H2O(l)

Value of Kc Position of equilibrium

A. Increases Shifts to the right

B. Decreases Shifts to the left

C. Stays the same Shifts to the right

D. Stays the same Shifts to the left

8. What is the correct equilibrium expression for the following reaction?

3A(g) + 2B(g) ⇌ 2C(g) + 3D(g)

A. Kc = [2C(g)]2 x [3D(g)]3
[3A(g)]3 x [2B(g)]2

B. Kc = 2[C(g)]2 x [3D(g)]3
3[A(g)]3 x 2[B(g)]2

C. Kc = [C(g)]2 x [D(g)]3
[A(g)]3 x [B(g)]2

D. Kc = [2C(g)] x [3D(g)]
[3A(g)] x [2B(g)]

Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking
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9. Which will affect the value of Kc in the following reaction?

2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g) ∆H = – 24 kJ

A. Raising the temperature.

B. Lowering the pressure.

C. Adding a catalyst.

D. Adding some NO2(g) to the equilibrium mixture.

10. The equilibrium constant for a weak acid dissociating into its ions is known as the acid
dissociation constant and has the symbol Ka. Which is the weakest acid?

A. butanoic acid (Ka = 1.51 x 10-5)

B. 2-methylpropanoic acid (Ka = 1.41 x 10-5)

C. propanoic acid (Ka = 1.37 x 10-5)

D. ethanoic acid (Ka = 1.74 x 10-5)

11. Kc is the equilibrium constant for the reaction between hydrogen and iodine:

H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g) ∆H = – 10.4 kJ

What will be the value of the equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction?

A. Kc

B. Kc½

C. Kc-1

D. Kc2

Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking
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12. Which are correct statements about the following reaction?

SO2(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ SO2Cl2(g) ∆H = – 85 kJ

I. Increasing the pressure shifts the position of equilibrium to the right
II. Increasing the temperature shifts the position of equilibrium to the right
III. Increasing the pressure has no effect on the value of the equilibrium constant.

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III




13. The value of Kc for the following reaction is equal to 4 at 298 K.

C2H5OH(l) + CH3COOH(l) ⇌ CH3COOC2H5(l) + H2O(l)

The reaction quotient, Q, for a mixture of ethanol, water, ethyl ethanoate and ethanoic
acid is equal to 6 at 298 K at time t. Which statement will be true when the mixture
reaches equilibrium at 298 K?

A. The concentration of ethanol will have decreased.
B. The concentration of ethanoic acid will have decreased.
C. The concentration of ethyl ethanoate will have decreased.
D. The concentration of water will be unchange




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14. Which will give an increased yield of sulfur trioxide in the equilibrium reaction for the
Contact Process?
2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) ∆H = – 197 kJ

I. Adding more oxygen
II. Decreasing the temperature
III. Increasing the pressure

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

15. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water the following reaction occurs.

CO2(g) + H2O(l) ⇌ H+(aq) + HCO3–(aq)

What will happen to the pH of the solution if the carbon dioxide escapes as a gas?
A. It will decrease
B. It will increase
C. It will stay the same
D. It will become negative

16. Which of the following equilibria will not be affected if only the pressure is altered?

A. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g)

B. CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g)

C. PCl5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

D. C2H4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ C2H5OH(g)

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17. One of the steps in the manufacture of nitric acid is the oxidation of ammonia according
to the following equation.

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ⇌ 4NO2(g) + 6H2O(g) ∆H = – 901 kJ

Which conditions will increase the yield of nitrogen dioxide in the equilibrium mixture?
I. Removing the water vapour
II. Decreasing the temperature
III. Increasing the pressure

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III



18. Which will increase the rate of the following reaction but not affect the value of Kc?
2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) ∆H = – 197 kJ
A. Decreasing the pressure

B. Using a suitable catalyst

C. Decreasing the temperture

D. Increasing the temperature

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19. The equilibrium constant Kc is 160 at 298 K for the following reaction.

H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)

At 700 K the value for the equilibrium constant is 54. What can be deduced from this
information?

A. The position of equilibrium lies on the right at all temperatures.

B. The reaction is exothermic.

C. The rate of the reaction is higher at higher temperatures.

D. Hydrogen iodide will decompose at low temperatures

20. The hydrogen needed to make ammonia can be obtained from natural gas by the
following reaction.

CH4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + 3H2(g) ∆H = + 210 kJ

Which statement is always correct when the reaction is at equilibrium?

A. ∆H for the reverse reaction is + 210 kJ.

B. The mixture will contain three times as much hydrogen as methane.

C. The concentrations of carbon monoxide and hydrogen are equal.

D. [CH4(g)] x [H2Og)] will be a constant value.

[H2(g)]3 x [CO(g)]

Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking
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