Gibbs Free Energy, Enthalpy, & Entropy

1. I. An exothermic reaction always has a negative G 4. Given: C 2H6(g) ® C2H2(g) + 2 H 2(g)

–1
BECAUSE DH° = +1340 kJ•mol
An alternate way to write this equation is:
II. heat is released when the reaction occurs.
A) C2H6(g) + 1340 kJ ® C2H2(g) + 2 H 2(g)
B) C2H2(g) + 2 H 2(g) + 1340 kJ ® C2H6(g)
A) I is TRUE, II is FALSE C) C2H6(g) ® C2H2(g) + 2 H 2(g) + 1340 kJ
B) I is FALSE, II is TRUE
D) C2H2(g) + 2 H 2(g) ® C2H6(g) + 1340 kJ
C) I and II are BOTH FALSE
E) C2H6(g) – 1340 kJ ® C2H2(g) + 2 H 2(g)
D) I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a correct
explanation of I 5. Which is the value for the enthalpy change, DH, for
E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct this reaction in kJ?
explanation of I
CuS(s) + 2 O 2(g) ® CuSO 4(g) + 721 kJ
2. I. An endothermic reaction always has a positive G
A) 0.00 B) –721 C) +721 D) +770 E) –770
BECAUSE 6. Which reactions are endothermic?
II. heat is released when the reaction occurs.

A) I is TRUE, II is FALSE
B) I is FALSE, II is TRUE
C) I and II are BOTH FALSE
D) I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a correct
explanation of I
E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct A) I and IV B) II and III
explanation of I C) III and IV D) II and IV
3. I. A positive DH tells you that the reaction is E) II and III
exothermic 7. Consider the reaction:

BECAUSE H2 + Cl 2 ® 2 HCl + Energy

II. with a positive DH, the products have more energy The equation indicates that the reaction described is
than the reactants.
A) very slow B) impossible
C) exothermic D) endothermic
A) I is TRUE, II is FALSE E) very fast
B) I is FALSE, II is TRUE
8. Which change is accompanied by an increase in
C) I and II are BOTH FALSE
entropy?
D) I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a correct
explanation of I A) H2O(l) ® H2O(s)
E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct B) H2O(g) ® H2O(s)
explanation of I C) H2O(l) ® H2O(g)
D) H2O(g) ® H2O(l)
E) H2O(aq) ® H2O(s)
 Gibbs Free Energy, Enthalpy, & Entropy

9. When calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2 , decomposes 13. Which change is accompanied by a decrease in
according to the reaction: entropy?
A) H2O(l) ® H2O(s)
Ca(OH) 2(s) ® CaO(s) + H2O(g)
B) H2O(l) ® H2O(g)
the entropy change, DS°, of the system: C) H2O(s) ® H2O(g)
D) H2O(s) ® H2O(l)
A) decreases under any conditions
E) H2O(s) ® H2O(aq)
B) increases under any conditions
C) remains the same 14. Which system is decreasing in entropy?
D) decreases at high temperatures only A) Gaseous methane, CH 4, crystallizing
E) increases at low pressures only B) Solid carbon dioxide, CO 2, subliming
10. In the reaction: C) Liquid glucose, C 6H12O6, evaporating
D) Solid iodine, I 2, dissolving in alcohol
A(g) + B(g) + heat ® C(s) + D(l) E) Ice, H 2O, melting
15. Which forward reaction below indicates an entropy
the entropy change, DS, of the system: decrease?
A) decreases under any conditions A) C6H6(s) « C6H6(l)
B) increases under any conditions B) 2 IBr(g) « I 2(s) + Br2(l)
C) remains the same
C) NH 4Cl(s) « NH 3(g) + HCl(g)
D) decreases at high pressures only
D) (NH 4) 2CO 3(s) « 2 NH 3(g) + H 2O(g) + CO 2
E) increases at high temperatures only
(g)
11. In the reaction E) NaCl(s) ® Na+ (aq) + Cl–(aq)
16. For a reaction, the enthalpy change is +209 kJ, the
A(s) + B(s) ® C(g) + D(g) + heat
entropy change is –126 J•mol –1•K –1 and the
temperature is 400 K. Which is the free energy
the entropy of the system
change, DG°, in kJ?
A) increases and the reaction is exothermic.
A) –902 B) –191 C) +159 D) +259 E) +335
B) decreases and the reaction is exothermic.
C) increases and the reaction is endothermic. 17. For a reaction, the enthalpy change is –210 kJ, the
D) decreases and the reaction is endothermic. entropy change is –170 J•mol –1•K –1 and the
E) either increases or decreases depending on the temperature is 400 K. What is the free energy
temperature. change, DG°, in kJ?

12. In order for an endothermic reaction to occur A) +27,000 kJ B) –142 kJ

spontaneously the entropy must C) –210 kJ D) –278 kJ
E) –40,000 kJ
A) decrease
B) increase 18. In a system at equilibrium, the free energy change,
C) remain the same DG°, is
D) change depending on the heat of formation A) always zero
E) change depending on the temperature B) always a positive value
C) always a negative value
D) either a negative or a positive value
E) dependent on the states of the reactants
 Gibbs Free Energy, Enthalpy, & Entropy

19. List the compound which cannot be formed 23. I. Gibbs free energy change, G, is negative with all
spontaneously from its elements at 298 K. endothermic reactions

BECAUSE

II. endothermic reactions release energy.

A) nitrogen (IV) oxide A) I is TRUE, II is FALSE

B) sodium chloride B) I is FALSE, II is TRUE
C) sulfur dioxide C) I and II are BOTH FALSE
D) water(g) D) I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a
E) both nitrogen (IV) oxide and water(g) correct explanation of I
20. Which reactions occur spontaneously? E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct
explanation of I
24. I. A positive G signifies an endothermic reaction

BECAUSE

II. the reaction is not spontaneous..

A) II and IV B) I and II A) I is TRUE, II is FALSE

C) I and III D) I and IV B) I is FALSE, II is TRUE
E) II and III C) I and II are BOTH FALSE
D) I and II are BOTH TRUE but II IS NOT a
21. Which reactions occur spontaneously?
correct explanation of I
E) I and II are BOTH TRUE and II IS a correct
explanation of I
25. Given the balanced equation:

I 2(s) + energy ®I 2(g)

A) I and II only B) I and III only As a sample of I2(s) sublimes to I 2(g), the entropy of
C) II and III only D) II and IV only the sample
E) III and IV only A) increases because the particles are less
22. Which pair of changes insures that a chemical randomly arranged
system undergoes a spontaneous reaction? B) increases because the particles are more
randomly arranged
C) decreases because the particles are less
randomly arranged
D) decreases because the particles are more
randomly arranged

A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
 Gibbs Free Energy, Enthalpy, & Entropy

26. Systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward 31. When a reaction is exothermic and the products have
more entropy than the reactants, the reaction is
A) lower energy and lower entropy
B) lower energy and higher entropy A) spontaneous, with a negative DG
C) higher energy and lower entropy B) spontaneous, with a positive DG
D) higher energy and higher entropy C) non-spontaneous, with a negative DG
27. Which change is accompanied by a decrease in D) non-spontaneous, with a positive DG
entropy? 32. Systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward
A) A) lower energy and lower entropy
B) B) lower energy and higher entropy
C) C) higher energy and lower entropy
D) D) higher energy and higher entropy
28. Which reaction results in an increase in the entropy 33. Which chemical reaction will always be
of the system? spontaneous?
A) H2O(g) ® H2O( ) A) an exothermic reaction in which entropy
B) H2O( ) ® H2O(s) decreases
C) 2 H2O( ) ® 2 H2(g) + O 2(g) B) an exothermic reaction in which entropy
D) 2 H2(g) + O 2(g) ® 2 H2O( ) increases
C) an endothermic reaction in which entropy
29. For a given chemical reaction, DG will always be
decreases
negative if DH is
D) an endothermic reaction in which entropy
A) negative and TDS is negative increases
B) negative and TDS is positive
C) positive and TDS is negative
D) positive and TDS is positive
30. The free energy change, DG, must be negative when
A) DH is positive and DS is positive
B) DH is positive and DS is negative
C) DH is negative and DS is positive
D) DH is negative and DS is negative