KUNWOR, BISHAL SGD: 8 SECTION: A2

PARASITOLOGY LABORATORY

EXERCISE 5

A. OBSERVATION (Schematic Drawing only)

Trypanosoma cruzi (Trypomastigote)

AL
H
IS
,B
R
O

Trypanosoma brucei (Trypomastigote)

W
N
KU
 Trypanosoma lewisi

AL
H
IS
Leishmania spp.
,B
R
O
W
N
KU

B. Study Guide Questions

1. What are the clinical manifestations of Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis?
TRYPANOSOMIASIS

WEST AFRICAN SLEEPING EAST AFRICAN

CHAGAS DISEASE
SICKNESS SLEEPING SICKNESS
• Painful ulcer • Fever • Chagoma
• Fever • Myalgia • Lesion
• Malaise • Rigors • Edema, rash around
• Headache • Lymphadenopathy is eyes and face

AL
• Anorexia absent • Romana’s sign
• Lymphadenopathy • Winterbottom’s sign • Megacolon
• Winterbottom’s sign may or may not be • Megaesophagus

H
• Red rash, pruritis present • Hepatosplenomegaly
• Localized edema • Rapid weight loss • Cardiomegaly

IS
• Kerandel’s sign • Mental disturbance • Fever
• Mental retardation • Lethargy • Chill
• Anorexia
• Somnolence
,B • Fatigue
• Coma and death may • Finally, myocarditis • Myalgia
occur at final stage may and kidney damage • malaise
R
be coupled with can lead to death
pneumonia/malaria
O

LEISHMANIASIS
W

NEW WORLD OLD WORLD

N

MUCOCUTANEOUS VISCERAL
CUTANEOUS CUTANEOUS
LEISHMANIASIS LEISHMANIASIS
KU

LEISHMANIASIS LEISHMANIASIS
• Nondescript
abdominal illness
• Large ulcers in • Single pus
• Hepatosplenomegaly • One or more
nasal or oral area containing
• Diarrhea, anemia ulcer
• Cutaneous/mucosal ulcer
may be present containing
lesions • Pruritis
• Weight loss and pus
• Anergic
emaciation
• Darkening of skin
 2. What will be the drug of choice for Trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis?

Trypanosomiasis
East/West African Leishmaniasis
Chagas Disease
Sleeping sickness
• Nifurtrimox • Antimonial compounds like
• Melarsoprol
• Benznidazole sodium stibogluconate.
• Suramin
• Allopurinol • Liposomal amphotericin B
• Pentamidine

AL
• Antifungal agent for visceral leishmaniasis.
• Eflornithine
ketonazole

H
3. Complete the table below.

IS
Mode of Disease and Clinical Clinical Specimen and
Transmission Manifestation
,B stage recovered
• West/East African
sleeping sickness
• Patient with
R
• Bite of tsetse fly posterior cervical
carrying lymph node Blood, lymph node
T. brucei
O

trypomastigotes enlargement aspiration and CSF

gambiense/
• Congenital • Irregular fevers,
rhodesiense
W

transmission also • rigors, Trypomastigotes

been recorded • headache,
• night sweats
N

• patients eventually
KU

develop stupor
• Through the feces • Megacolon
of reduviid bug • Megaesophagus
containing • Hepatosplenomegaly Giesma stained blood
infective form slides
T cruzi • Cardiomegaly
• Vertical
transmission • Chagoma Trypomastigotes
• Blood transfusion • Fever
• Organ transplantation • Chill, Fatigue
3. Illustrate the Life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi.

AL
H
IS
,B
R
O

Figure 1: Life cycle of T. cruzi

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N
KU
 4. Complete the table below.
ETIOLOGIC MODE OF
LEISHMANIASIS VECTOR (SANDFLY)
AGENTS TRANSMISSION
L. donovani Phlebotomus
Bite of infected
Visceral L. infantum Phlebotomus
vector
L. chagasi Lutzomyia
L. mexicana
L. pifanoi

AL
New Bite of infected
L. amazonensis Lutzomyia
world vector
L. venezuelensis
Cutaneous
L. garnhami

H
L. tropica
Old Bite of infected
L. aethiopica Phlebotomus

IS
world vector
L. major
L. braziliensis,B
L. panamensis Bite of infected Lutzomyia &
Mucocutaneous
L. peruviana vector psychodopygus
L. guyanensis
R

References
O

Zeibig, E. A. (2013). The Hemoflagellates. In Clinical parasitology (pp. 104-126).

W
N
KU