S6-GE4ENA

Dachstein Group Report

THE DACHSTEIN REGION

AN INTERACTION OF PHYSICAL AND HUMAN

PROCESSES

Isabel
Goluba
Mandela
Nikol
Bohdan
Mees
Index
1. Geographic description of the physical and human geography of the areas visited during the excursion.
 Chiemsee ……………………………….……………….……………………………………… 2
 Hallstatt ………………………………………………...…………………………………… 2,3
 Schladming ……………………….……………………….…………………………………… 3
 Dachstein glacier ………………………………………….…………………………………… 3
 Silberkarklamm …...…………………………………...…………………………………… 3,4
2. Graphical representation to show some of the view of tourists and residents in Schladming. …. 4 - 9
3. Graphical representation to show the differences in services in Hallstatt and Schladming, including
an analysis. ..……….………………………………………….…………………………………… 9, 10
4. Graphical representation of the Environmental Quality Assessments (EQA), including an analysis.
…....…..…………….………………………………………….…………………………………… 11,12
5. Conclusion ……………………..…….…..………………………………………….………………12,13

1 – Geographic description of physical and human geography of

areas visited Commented [LA(1]: This is very nicely done. The only
additional thing might be to think about a brief introduction
to explain the structure of the paper and perhaps the
1.1 Chiemsee journey, this then allows the reader to understand the link
Chiemsee is a freshwater lake in Bavaria ,Germany, near Rosenheim. It is often called "the Bavarian Sea". between the places you go on to describe.
 Area: 79,9 square km
 Max depth: 72,7 m
The Chiemsee was formed at the end of the last ice age about 10,000 years ago from a hollow carved
out by a glacier (Zungenbecken). Originally the lake covered an area of almost 240 km2 (93 sq. mi), which
is about three times its present area. Within 10,000 years its area had shrunk to around 80 km2 (31 sq. mi).
Before 1904 the water level was lowered by about a metre. As a result, large areas of dry land were
reclaimed.
There are three main islands on the lake: Herreninsel ("gentlemen's island"), the largest, with an
area of 238 hectares ; 15.5 ha , called Fraueninsel ("ladies' island"); and uninhabited Krautinsel ("cabbage
island"), 3.5 ha , called this name because in the Middle Ages it was cultivated with cabbages and other
vegetables.
It is Bavaria's smallest municipality by area and the second smallest by population.

1.2 Hallstatt
Hallstatt is a small town in the district of Gmunden, in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.
Situated between the southwestern shore of Hallstätter See and the steep slopes of the Dachstein massif,
the town lies in the Salzkammergut region, on the national road linking Salzburg and Graz.
 Area: 59,8 square km
 Population: 725
 Location: between Hallstätter See and Dachstein
 Climate: temperature 0-22 degrees Celsius
Hallstatt is known for its production of salt. The salt mine is the world's oldest working salt mine.
The mine is located within the Upper Permian to Lower Triasssic Haselgebrige Formation of the Northern
Limestone Alps. The Hallstatt salt mine comprises 21 levels and several smaller shafts ranging from 514
m above sea level (Erbstollen level) to an elevation of around 1267 m (Erzherzog Matthias Schurf level).

Until the late 19th century, it was only possible to reach Hallstatt by boat or via narrow trails.
Access between houses on the riverbank was by boat. The first road to Hallstatt was only built in 1890,
along the west shore, partially by rock blasting. Nevertheless, this secluded and inhospitable landscape

2
counts as one of the first places of human settlement due to the rich sources of natural salt, which have
been mined for thousands of years.
Today tourism plays a major factor in the town's economic life. The town is also rumoured to be the
inspiration for the fantasy kingdom of Arendelle in Disney’s Frozen. After that Hallstatt is being overrun
with around 10,000 visitors a day. It has attracted millions of people all over the world - but this consistent
tourism has over time degrade the quality of life for its locals, according to the mayor.
Seeing an opportunity to boost the economy, supermarkets and retailers began stocking souvenirs,
but prioritising these items only resulted in fresh produce becoming more expensive to residents. Transport
on which daily come tourists has an impact on environment takes up a lot of space and worsens the traffic
situation for residents.

1.3 Schladming
Schladming is a small mining town located in Liezen, Styria, Austria. It covers a total area of 211
km² and has an elevation of 745m. The region is home to more than 30,000 animal species as well as an
extremely wide variety of types of plants (as big as 13,00).

As for human geography, the latest record of its population states 6,782 people live there daily.
(2016). However, it would be wrong assuming that same number can be used when calculating its
population at all times of the year. In fact, the city has experienced a lot of tourism in the last 30 years
after hosting the FIS Alpine World Ski championship in both 1982 and 2013. Due to that, it is now very
popular for its winter sports and its numerous skiing slopes. It is then evident that the number of people
living or at least staying in Schladming during that season is consequently higher. Surrounded by
mountains, it is also a source of attraction for hikers, climbers and outdoor enthusiasts. In fact, ski slopes
stay open in the summer, offering all sorts of other activities such as the bike racing world cup which has
been held there since 2004. As a result, it now has a shopping area offering restauration services such as
traditional cafes and restaurants with typical Austrian menus as well as various stores to meet the desire
of tourists.

1.4 Dachstein glacier

The Dachstein Glacier is a glacier located in upper Austria between the towns of Ramsau am
Dachstein in the south and Hallstatt and Obertaun in the north. It is part of a massif covering a total area
of 20x30km with a dozen peaks exceeding 2,500 km, the glacier being one of them.
Discovered in 1810, it is made up of geologic plates called thrust sheets that were moved during
the Alpine orogeny, an orogenic phase during which multiple mountains were created.
It is nowadays subject to two main phenomenon called advance and retreat, both of those due to
natural processes. In fact, the advance occurs when more snow or ice is added to the mountain than is lost.
As an opposite, retreat can be observed only when less snow or ice is added than lost. When the glacier
does retreat, the loss in the amount of snow can be explained by various processes such as melting, calving
or evaporation.
With a current base elevation of 2057 meters and a top one of approximatively 2990 meters, the
glacier is home to a ski resort that includes 16 different ski slopes, 5 lifting system and 1 atomic super
park which are all part of the human geography.
However, human activity can only exist if specific conditions are reunited such as great snow and
great weather which is not the case at this time of the year. In fact, the resort usually opens in autumn
whereas this year, due to climate change and high recorded temperatures creating large crevasses on the
mountain, the area’s managing director, Georg Bliem announced “There will be no autumn or winter skiing
on the Dachstein this year”. It has later been specified that the cable car will remain in full operation.

1.5 Silberkarklamm
The Silberkarklamm is a bottleneck of the Silberkarbach (Torbach), which comes from the
Miesberge and flows into the Ramsaubach near Rössing. The gorge begins above Rössing at around 1000
m above sea level. And extends to the Silberkar at about 1125 m above sea level.

3
 The Silberkarbach does not only receive the rainwater or meltwater from the Silberkarbach, but
also underground that of the Silberkarsee (Hölltalsee) and its catchment area, which means that the creek
is irregularly water-bearing, falls dry at times and at other times has an extremely high level of water.

In 1968, the Silberkarklamm was designated as a natural monument Torbachfall The upper
section of the protected area is about 270 m long and has an area of 1.156 ha. The middle right side of the
gorge is the Schleierfall natural monument.

The gorge is located in the buffer zone of the UNESCO World Heritage cultural landscape.

It is accessed by a climbing system, for which a fee is charged. There is a small car park at the
entrance to the gorge. After the gorge are the Silberkaralm and the Silberkarhütte as excursion
destinations.

2 - Graphical representation to show some of the view of tourists

and residents in Schladming.
2.1 Tourist survey

2.1.1 Graphs and diagrams

Commented [LA(2]: This is orginal and quite an effective
ies

way of showing the most important activities. I like your

iking

tivit

creativity for thinking of this.

o rts

ac
B

c yc l e
er Sp

ura l
tain

in e
ng

Roa d

Cuis
Mo u

Cult
H iki
Wat

Spa

3 2 1 4 5 7 6
4 1 2 7 5 3 6
4 1 2 3 5 6 7
3 4 5 6 1 7 2
5 1 2 3 7 4 6
2 1 3 4 5 7 6
5 1 6 4 7 2 3
4 1 6 5 2 7 3
7 1 3 4 2 6 5
3 1 4 2 6 7 5
2 3 4 5 6 7 1
4 1 2 3 5 6 7
7 2 1 5 3 4 6
3 1 2 6 5 7 4
7 2 1 3 4 5 6
7 2 1 3 5 4 6
5 1 2 4 3 6 7
4 2 1 3 7 6 5
3 1 2 4 5 6 7
3 1 2 4 5 6 7
4 2 1 5 6 3 7
4 2 6 5 1 3 7
7 4 5 6 1 3 2
7 4 5 6 1 3 2

Fig. 2.1: Different activities in order of

appeal ranked by respondents in
Schladming. Each row is one respondent.

4
 Fig. 2.2: Doughnut-chart Fig. 2.3: Bar-chart of the number
of travel method of of nights spend by respondents in
respondents Schladming.

2.1.2 Analysis
2.1.2.1 Activities that make Schladming appealing.
Fig. 1.1 shows the results of the question: ‘Put the following activities around Schladming in order
of appeal to you?’ The respondents were able to drag each option to their position of choice, 1 being the
most appealing and 7 being the least appealing.

Respondents overwhelmingly put the activity Hiking on the top spot. Thirteen respondents did
this, and a further eight put the activity in their top three. Hiking is a very favourable part of Schladming’s
offering. The fact that the activity is popular is not a secret, as the local tourist agency Schladming-
Dachstein offers many tours across the region and provides you with a great deal of information.

Moreover, Schladming if home to two major ski resorts, Planai and Planai West. Both resorts are
opened year-round, thus offering services in winter and summer seasons. In the winter, Planai has been a
regular location for Alpine Ski World Cup races, and it was once one of the few towns to host the 2017
Special Olympics World Winter Games. The resorts may also be enjoyed during summer months. For
instance, customers can enjoy panoramic views of the Enns valley, experience authentic Austrian cuisine,
and take part in downhill toboggan runs.

Six respondents chose the activity Mountain Biking as the most appealing activity in Schladming.
This can be explained easily, as most terrain that is suited for hiking is also suitable for the use of mountain
bikes. Also, UCI Mountain bike World cup has taken place annually in Schladming since 2004, and since
has drawn an increasing number of excited mountain bikers to hit the terrain.

Another popular choice for respondents was the activity Water Sports. At first, we as a group
thought that this option would not be popular, as we did not expect a town in the middle of the alps to be
famous for its water sports activities. But, after some research, Schladming does seem appealing to water
sports enthusiasts. First, the town is home to the Erlebnisbad Schladming, a large water complex. Here,
tourist and residents alike can enjoy saunas, outdoor and indoor swimming pools, and a fitness studio. In
addition, the existence of the small Enns and Talbach rivers, which form a confluence just west of the
centre of the town, attracts rafters and canoers.

In conclusion, Schladming is not a town which earned its fame through one thing. The town nestled
in between the Lower Tauern and Dachstein ridges is most appealing for hiking, our survey showed.
Mountain biking and water sports are also popular activities, but hiking was the clear winner.

5
 2.1.2.2 Where did the respondents come from, and how did travel to
Schladming?
Schladming has a population of approximately 6,700 people, 87,2% of them are Austrians, whilst
12,8% are foreigners, according to AdminStat Austria. The demographics of Schladming will be briefly
discussed in chapter 2, Resident survey, and for now we will focus on the nationalities of the tourists.

Out of all twenty-four people questioned, nine were German, eight were Austrian, two were Italian,
two were Israeli, one was Swiss, one was Pole, and one was Ukrainian. A total of eighteen tourists came
from German-speaking countries, which corresponds to 75% of the respondents. Twenty respondents came
from either Austria herself or countries directly bordering Austria, corresponding 83%. Four respondents
did not come from Austria nor a bordering country, corresponding 17%.

Let’s look at the data on how tourists travelled to Schladming. As can be seen in fig. 1.2, 67% of
respondents ravelled to Schladming by car, 13% travelled by bus, 8% by train, and 8% and 4% by plane
and by walking respectively. This data may also be explained with ease. Schladming is not located near
any major area with a high sphere of influence. The closest airport, for instance, is Salzburg International
Airport, which is more than an hour’s drive away. Salzburg also is the nearest significant urban area, with
a population of approximately 160,000 people. This relative isolation could explain why only 8% of
respondents travelled by plane to the area of Schladming. Commented [LA(3]: This is really well done. This is a very
good example of analysis from graphs and data.
One of the reason’s 67% of respondents travelled to Schladming by car is Austria’s highly developed
and intricate road network. Schladming lies along road 320, which connects to the A10 motorway to the
west, and the European motorway E651 to the east. Austria is also excellently linked to its neighbouring
countries, such as Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. The proximately of those countries to Austria and
the sophisticated road network make it very easy to take the car to Schladming. This provides us with an
explanation and a link between the fact that most 67% of respondents travelled by car, and that 83% of
respondents came from either Austria herself or neighbouring countries.

Moreover, Schladming has its own train station, served by Austria’s national rail operator ÖBB.
Because of Schladming’s earlier-discussed popularity amongst tourists, the station sees quite a bit of daily
action, with daily services serving the cities of Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and even Zürich. In fact, the
sleeper train service NJ464 from Graz Hbf to Zurich Hbf stops at the Schladming station.

Furthermore, it was quite fun to find out all 24 respondents were Europeans, except for two, both
of whom were Israelis. Both arrived by air, and it is likely that they arrived either through the airports of
Munich, Salzburg, or Vienna. As there are only about nine million Israelis in the world, it was quite rare,
and cool, to meet two of them in the small town of Schladming.

In conclusion, it is, in my opinion, quite fascinating how a town of 6,700 people can be so well
connected, and how it attracts people from all around the world. Schladming, therefore, has a sphere of
influence that extends out of the Schladming area. Of course, it is not possible to get a complete picture of
where tourists in Schladming come from and how they travelled to the town with just 24 respondents, but
it certainly allows us to get a general view and understanding of the situation.

2.1.2.3 How many nights did the respondents stay in Schladming?

What can it tell us about Schladming as a place to stay for more than one day?
The last thing I’m going to touch on is if tourists were staying overnight in Schladming and if yes,
how many nights. Again, all 24 respondents answered this question. As can be seen in fig 1.3, Most
respondents stayed in Schladming for three nights, seven in total, corresponding approximately 29%. Four
people did not stay overnight at all, zero stayed for one night, four stayed for two nights, three stayed for
four nights, two stayed for five nights, and two stayed for six and seven nights each.

6
 We can see that zero respondents stayed in Schladming for one night. This could indicate that the
town cannot be seen in one day, or that there are too many activities tourists want to embark on which
cannot be completed within one single day.

Schladming has many accommodation options. Sites such as Booking.com, Airbnb and Expedia all
provide places to stay, and there are many family-run hotels and hostels around Schladming as well.
Through self-conducted research on the site Booking.com, I can say that the price for one night in
Schladming is approximately €80 to €135. In addition, places of stay tend to be cheaper in the summer
months than in the winter months.

In chapter 2.1.2.1 I touched on some of the different activities tourists and residents alike could do
in Schladming. It is close to impossible to do all these activities in one day. This can explain why
approximately 83% of respondents, 20 out of 24, stayed for more than one night. Considering the average
price for a one-night stay and the presence of many activities, staying overnight in Schladming seems like
great value for money.

In conclusion, in this short chapter 2.1.2.3 I talked briefly described the date we collected about
how many nights each respondent to our survey spend in Schladming, as can be seen in fig. 1.3. Schladming
offers a wide array of activities, which I am sure can’t be done all in one day. The good value for money you
get when spending the night here is relatively great, which could be one of the reasons Schladming is so
popular with tourists.

2.1.3 Conclusion
Schladming is not just a small, quit, and innocent town in Austria. At first glance it may seem like
it, but after a closer look, the town is filled with joyous activities such as mountain biking, rafting, cultural
sightseeing, and hiking. It is geographically located in aa beautiful location in the Styria province of
Austria. In addition, it may seem like Schladming is situated in an isolated location, but due to the great
network of roads and fantastic public transportation services, the town does not fail to connect. I am sure
that the town of Schladming, Austria will ever fail to impress tourists, and I am certain that Schladming
will forever be, a great place for adventure, enjoyment, and thrill. Commented [LA(4]: Doing sub-conclusions makes the
overall task of writing a final conclusion much much easier.
2.2 Resident survey
2.2.1 Graphs and diagrams

Fig. 2.4: The number Fig. 2.5: Answers to

of years everyone has ‘How much does
lived for in Tourism interfere with
Schladming daily life?’ (1 is nothing,
5 is a lot)

7
 Fig. 2.6: Number of
people working in the
tourist sector

Fig. 2.7: Problems caused by high

numbers of tourists. (1 is main
problem, 4 is minor problem.)

2.2.2 Analysis
2.2.2.1 How many years have you been living here?
We asked how many years each of the 18 people live in Schladming and got the statistics, let's analyse it.
As can be seen from the graphs, 7 people have lived here since birth. It can be assumed that four
of the questioned have lived in Schladming since birth or moved here at a very early age. We also met a
man who inherited a house here from his grandmother. Four people have been living here for 5 to 10 years,
one person has been living here for three years and the other only for a week, which indicates that he
moved here recently.
Our statistics show that most of the people surveyed have lived in Schladming since the birth, 60%.
The rest 40% moved here 10 or less years ago.

2.2.2.2 Let’s talk about the impact of tourism on the life and mood
of the citizens of this beautiful city. Commented [LA(5]: Perhaps a little too informal with
regard to language here. Also be careful that the numbering
As we know that Schladming is a tourist town for ski resort where international sports system does not become too crazy….
competitions are often held, and more than 2 million tourists arrive per year.
According to our surveys, we have ranked the disturbance of tourists to the residents of
Schladming, where 1 is no strong impact and 5 is a very serious impact.

8
 12% of people think that tourism has a very bad effect on life, 35% think that tourism has an
average effect and 44% think that tourism has no effect on life and only improves and develops Schladming.
Life in Schladming is very interesting and fun, in addition to tourists, more than 30 thousand
citizens live in Schladming and most of them are connected with tourism or help in the development of
various tourist spheres.
As can be seen in fig. 2.6, 56% of our questioned volunteers living in Schladming are connected
with tourism activities and 44% are not working or not connected with tourism.

2.2.2.3 Problems that are caused by a lot of tourists

,

From May to October in summer and from November to April in winter the highest number of
tourists come through Schladming. The heavy traffic of tourists causes a number of problems that local
and other tourists do not like. Each of the respondents gave their feedback on the problems that concern
each of them.
The biggest problem caused by the massive flow of tourists is bad traffic on the roads, it worries
55% of respondents. Tourists also cause an increase in housing prices, this problem worries 66% of
respondents, as well as rising food prices and environmental damage worries 25% of people.

2.2.3 Conclusion
As a result, we can say that Schladming is a popular ski resort, the location of the World Cup in
alpine skiing. Schladming is a very interesting and not expensive city to visit with your family or friends.
Also, in Schladming there are many different types of leisure activities, such as hiking and climbing,
mountain biking, running and Nordic walking.

3 - Graphical representation to show the differences in services in

Hallstatt and Schladming, including an analysis.

3.1 Non-retail services

Fig. 3.1: Diagram of the

number of non-retail services in
Hallstatt and Schladming.

This graph represents the amount of non-retail services in Hallstatt and Schladming. It is
clear that there are way more public services in Schladming. Where we encountered 23 public services in
Schladming, we only saw 7 in Hallstatt. Though in Hallstatt there was more gastronomy, 23 to be exact
and accommodations, 10 opposed to 9, than there were in Schladming. There were also way more financial

9
services in Schladming than there were in Hallstatt, specifically 7 more. Overall, we did not see a lot of
traffic or transportation in either Hallstatt or Schladming. These major differences between Schladming
and Hallstatt are probably mostly just because Schladming is bigger, and Hallstatt is more touristic. It
makes sense that Hallstatt has more hotels and accommodations than Schladming and it also makes sense
that we found more services that would benefit residentials in Schladming.

3.2 Retail services

Commented [LA(6]: Nice and clear.

Fig. 3.2: Diagram of the

number of retail services in
Hallstatt and Schladming.

In fig. 3.2, the retail services in Schladming and Hallstatt are shown. It is obvious that in most
cases Schladming has more retail services than Hallstatt, although we did not find any shops that sold
home accessories or household goods there. On the other hand, we did find two salt shops in Hallstatt,
which is understandable because the reason that the town was built was because of the salt mines.
Therefore, it was not a surprise when we did not find any salt shops in Schladming, as it does not
necessarily have a significance to Schladming. There is also a noticeable difference in sport, leisure and
outdoor shops. In Schladming there are four whilst we only saw one in Hallstatt. This is most likely because
of the Olympics and the type of people that visit Schladming. The tourists that go to Schladming are mostly
people interested in winter sports.

3.3 Conclusion
In conclusion, there is a significant difference in the type of services that either of these towns
have. Schladming is obviously more sports oriented and is also bigger. Therefore, it is logical that we saw
more sports shops and supermarkets for example there. Hallstatt is more tourist oriented and is smaller.
It is also built near salt mines and for that reason we found salt shops and tourist shops, which we did not
find many of in Schladming and there were way less services created towards residents.

10
4 - Graphical representation of the Environmental Quality
Assessments (EQA), including an analysis.

4.1 EQA diagrams and Hallstatt map

Commented [LA(7]: This is really well done and makes it
quick and easy for the viewer to understand the range in
EQA across different areas.

Fig. 4.1: Graphical Fig. 4.2: Graphical

representation of the EQA representation of the EQA
in Schladming in Hallstatt

Fig. 4.3: Map of the centre of Hallstatt

including the numbers of the locations
the EQA was conducted.

4.2 Analysis
It is noticeable that the radar-graph for Schladming is more ‘spread out’ than the graph for
Hallstatt. This means that more categories of the environmental quality assessment scored higher in
Schladming than in Hallstatt.

11
 In the Schladming graph, all categories scored relatively high. The highest best one being
calmness, which got four points in Glasberg and in the Johann Haus. The lowest being security, which
scored two points in the shopping street and at the Tolstation.

In the graphical representation of the EQA in Hallstatt, it is noticeable that more lines, each
representing locations, are closer to the centre, and therefore Hallstatt got a lower score overall. For
instance, location number 14, which can be located on fig. 4.3, received the worst scores for the different
categories of the EQA. These results may be explained by the fact that location 14 is just outside of the
cultural centre of Hallstatt. This could imply that location 14 does not receive the appropriate care, e.g.,
cleaning, infrastructure, etc., as the cultural heart of the town. However, location 7 received high scores
in each category which is evident in the graph. This is logical as it is the central square, which could be
considered the cultural centre of Hallstatt. So, it makes sense that it is the most looked after and is kept
clean and neat.

When comparing the two graphs that represent the EQA in each town, you can observe that they
are quite different and that the location in Schladming generally scored higher than the locations in
Hallstatt. An explanation for this could be that Schladming is bigger in area and has a larger population,
but it is also less touristic. In general, residentials are more careful because if they for example litter it
effects the city that they have to then live in. in most locations in Schladming the calmness is rated very
high. This could also be because of the smaller number of tourists. Though the attractiveness of Hallstatt
has been given four points three times, which is understandable due to its touristic attraction. Its main
function is tourism and so its attractiveness being rated high is sensible.

In conclusion, the EQA can give us a good idea of Schladming and Hallstatt and their differences.
Generally speaking, the town of Schladming scored higher on most aspects compared to Hallstatt, which
can be explained by the lower number of tourists and a higher population. Formatted: English (United Kingdom)

5 - Conclusion

Although almost half of the 33 fish species recorded in Chiemsee are threatened with extinction,
professional fishing still thrives in its waters. Also, numerous beaches and various types of water
tourism: such as sailing boats, canoes, kayaks, stand-up paddleboarding or diving lead on the one hand
to the development of tourism, and hence the growth of the economy, on the other hand, it leads to
pollution and erosion of mountains and soil. Due to this, the potential fertility of soils decreases,
chemical and agrophysical properties deteriorate, and biological activity decreases. As a result, the yield
decreases and the quality of agricultural products deteriorates. It also reduces the efficiency of
chemigation. In addition, the lake was formed from water lashing from the mountains, but the global
warming is a case of transpiration, and as a result, the evaporation of water in the lake and lowering the
water level. This can also affect the basis of erosion.

Hallstatt also suffers from a huge number of tourists. Pollution of water and air due to transport,
fishing reduce the population of fauna in the town, despite the fact that the lake is carefully controlled in
moderate use.

Talking about the Dachstein glacier, it is important to mention that it is retreating rapidly and
may disappear entirely within 80 years. The Hallstatt glacier withdrew by 20 m in the year 2003 alone.
By 2018, it is estimated that the glacier has retreated more than 1 km since 1908.
Based on the above examples, it can be argued that in any case, people affect the ecological state of the
environment. Because of the numerous hotels, ski slopes and tourism, it is impossible to deny the fact

12
that people influence exclusively negatively on the environment. People are leading to the transpiration,
mountain erosion, retreat of glacier etc.

On the one hand, these tourist places develop the economy, which increases the standard of living Formatted: Justified
of the population. Job places are also created in this way, for example in hotels and restaurants. On the
other hand, the significant impact on the environment cannot be ignored. Humans are destroying animal
and fish populations; and are also contributing to the disappearance of lakes; pollute water and air ;
continuing to popularize hunting and fishing. Natural disturbances and human demands for goods and
services have altered the world’s forest and rangeland ecosystems. Human-Landscape Interactions is
knowledge discovery, knowledge development, modelling, and synthesis as they relate to the
understanding of the interface between the health of the natural resources and the wants and demands of
a growing human population base. In the future, this may lead to irreparable consequences. For this
reason, it is worth prioritizing between people and nature. Commented [LA(8]: An excellent piece of writing. I hope
this is a sign of good team work and collaboration meaning
that everyone worked equally well in putting this together. It
represents writing and analysis that reflects your abilities to
understand the world around you and the influences that act
upon it.
Great job.

13