Far Eastern University NOV 2023

Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

PAHUWAY: “A PROPOSED RESILIENT HOUSING IN

TABING ILOG BRGY SAMPALOC, TANAY RIZAL”

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the

Undergraduate Studies Department
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY, MANILA

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Habana, Adriane Carlos C.

November 2023
 Far Eastern University NOV 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Table of Contents
4.1 Site Selection Criteria
4.2 Site Analysis
4.3 Site Selection and Justification
4.3.1 Site A: Brgy. Sampaloc Tanay, Rizal
4.3.2 Site B: Brgy. Capaclan, Tanay Rizal
4.3.3 Bagong Silangan Quezon City
4.3.4 Site Justification Table
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CHAPTER 4 – Site Selection

4.1.0 Site Selection Criteria
In beginning this chapter, it starts with clarifying the objectives of proposed

project. The objective of the project is to create a Resilient structure that is counter to

flood every time there is a typhoon. With that, in this site selection, the project is in

the search for the best site suitable for the project. It will consider four main elements

of the site which are: Connectivity and Accessibility, Lot size, Site Conditions,

Physical Site Characteristics, and Economic Factor.

In potential sites considered for the site selection are Sampaloc, Tanay Rizal

which is a province in Calabarzon (Region IV-A). At present, under the territorial

jurisdiction of the Province of Rizal are 13 Municipalities – Angono, Baras,

Binangonan, Cainta, Cardona, Jalajala, Morong, Pililla, Rodriguez, San Mateo,

Teresa, Tanay and Taytay, and 1 City, Antipolo, and 188 barangays. According to the

Municipality of Tanay the mission and vision statement is to deliver excellent public

service, ensure peaceful and disaster resilient environment, and create business

opportunities – mission. A contemporary, safe and disaster resilient tourism haven,

with the diversified and highly competitive economy, a well-protected and green

environment, a leader in good governance with God-centered and socially

responsive citizenry – vision.

Table 7: Site Criteria

SITE CRITERIA CRITERIA POINTS

Regional Context The site must be near 20

at the creek since it

targets both local and

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foreign users. Has

access to major roads.

Can be accessed.

Community The site is 5 hectares. 20

Sustainability

Neighborhood Context It is better to build on 20

Flat soil provides a

more stable foundation

for a structure, because

the sloped soil can be

prone to erosion,

landslides, and

subsidence during

heavy rainfall or

flooding, which can

compromise the

stability of the building.

PHYSICAL Context This includes Lot 20

shape, lot area/ lot size,

accessibility, soil

condition, flat

soil/terrain/ topography,

utilities.

ECONOMIC FACTOR This criteria questions if 20

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the proposed project is

compatible within the

surroundings and

competition.

4.2.0 Site Analysis

Figure 39: Rizal Political Map of Tanay, Rizal, Philippines

Rizal is a province in the Philippines situated in the CALABARZON region

occupying the central section of Luzon. Its capital is the City of Antipolo. The

province covers 1,182.65 square kilometers, or 456.62 square miles, of land. The

2020 Census found 3,330,143 people living in that nation. This was approximately

3.05% of the entire Filipino population, 5.35 % of the population of the Luzon Island

group, and 20.56% of the total population of the CALABARZON region. According to
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these numbers, the population density is calculated to be 2,816 people per square

kilometer, or 7,293 people per square mile.

Figure 40: Tanay, Rizal Map of Tanay, Rizal, Philippines

The main site is located at Tanay, Rizal which is within the center of Quezon,

Laguna, and Rizal. The illustration shows the map of Rizal showing the divisions of

the different cities. The hot season lasts 1.9 months, from April 9 to June 4, with an

average daily high temperature above 92°F. May is the hottest month of the year in

Tanay, with an average high temperature of 93°F and low temperature of 78°F. From

November 27 to February 16, the cool season, which has an average daily high

temperature below 86°F, lasts for 2.7 months. With an average low temperature of

73°F and high temperature of 84°F, January is the coldest month of the year in

Tanay.

 Demographics
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The household population of Tanay in the 2015 Census was 116,503 broken

down into 25,836 households or an average of 4.51 members per household.

Table 8: Age Group, Demographics

The age group in Sampaloc with the highest population, 3,567 people, is 15 to

19 years old, according to the 2015 Census. On the other hand, there are only 187

people in the age group 80 and over, which has the lowest population.

The young dependent population, which includes infants/babies, children, and

young adolescents/teenagers, comprises those aged 14 and under and accounts for
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33.31% (10,106) of the total population of all age groups. In general, those between

the ages of 15 and 64 represent 62.66% (19011) of the population that is

economically active and either currently employed or seeking employment. Finally,

there are a total of 1,224 elderly dependents, or 4.03% of the population. These

seniors are 65 years of age and older. According to the calculated age dependency

ratios, there are 60 dependents overall (young and old age) for every 100 people

who are working in Sampaloc, with 53 dependent children under the age of 18 and 6

elderly or senior citizens for every 100 people who are working. Given that

Sampaloc's population has a median age of 23, this means that half of the

population is under 23 and the other half is over 23.

Brgy. Sampaloc
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Figure 41: Tanay Poblacion Map of Tanay, Rizal, Philippines

Tanay's elevation ranges from 100 to 900 meters, and it is characterized by

gently sloping hills and mountainous relief. Most of these areas are covered in forest.

The municipality's coastal plains, which make up about 1% of its total land area and

are in the southwest corner, are primarily used for urban purposes. Slope Lands with

a slope of 0% to 3% are highly suitable for, and tolerant of, mechanized farming and

development. Slope depends on the soil and climate conditions. Lands with a 3-8%

slope are generally amenable to development, though excessive tillage may result in

erosion and land slippage.

In this municipality, land development and mechanization, including activities

like land bulldozing, are recommended for areas with a maximum slope of 15%. On

the other hand, areas with slopes measuring 18% or greater are designated as forest

reserves under Presidential Decree No. 705, and they must remain permanently

covered with vegetation. The municipality's terrain is diverse, featuring steeply

mountainous to very steeply mountainous regions spanning approximately 4,188

hectares across several barangays. Rolling to moderately steep hills, covering 8,471

hectares, are distributed in portions of different barangays, while undulating to rolling

land, constituting 13,100 hectares, is primarily found in various other barangays.

These guidelines and topographical distinctions guide land use and preservation

efforts within the municipality.

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Topography

Figure 42: Slope Map of Tanay, Rizal, Philippines

Tanay's geological composition encompasses a variety of rock formations. The

coastal areas are primarily characterized by alluvium, which consists of an

unconsolidated mixture of sand, gravel, silt, and clay. In the upland areas, you can

find pyroclastic rocks, volcanic rocks, clastic-volcanic rocks, and limestone. Clastic

rocks are composed of inter-bedded shale and sandstone with occasional thin

lenses of limestone, tuffs, and calcareous sandstones. Patches of these rocks can

be found in the uplands. Pyroclastic rocks, mainly agglomerate, volcanic breccia,

and some tuffs and volcanic cinders, occupy the southern portion of the town and

have good water-bearing characteristics. Clastic-volcanic rocks extend along the

boundary of Antipolo, comprising slightly metamorphosed shale, sandstone,

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conglomerate beds, and occasional lenses of sandy limestone, along with andesites

and basalt flows used for construction materials. Volcanic rocks, primarily andesites

and basalt lava flows with interspersed agglomerates, volcanic breccia, tuff, and

volcanic cinders, are in the southeastern tip of the town. Lastly, limestone, a

carbonate rock unit, overlies the older metamorphosed limestone and clastic

volcanic rocks, scattered in the upland barangays. These diverse rock formations

play a significant role in the geological landscape of Tanay.

Figure 43: Basic Soil Map of Tanay, Rizal, Philippines

Classifications of Soil Suitability A more precise method of demonstrating the

relative suitability of various soil units to crops or land uses is soil suitability

classification, which is based on the soil qualities and other constraints that affect the

crop or particular use. Light industry and street construction sites need to be in well-

drained regions with a high-water table. This ought to be devoid of flood risks, level
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to gently sloping, deep soils with little potential for shrink-wells, and moderate to

quick permeability.

Figure 44: Tanay Natural Drainage Map of Tanay, Rizal, Philippines

Drainage describes how frequently and how long the soil is not saturated.

Since it always has an impact on land use, it is a factor that must be carefully

considered when evaluating soil suitability classification for crop production and

other non-agricultural uses. The Tanay River, which flows through the municipality's

poblacion section and eventually empties into the Laguna de Bay basin, is the main

drainage system for the area. Additionally, there are several tiny, sporadic streams

that are used for irrigation during the summer. The Marikina River drains a small

portion of Tanay, and the Pililla River drains the southeast portion. The Lanatin River,

which empties into the Pacific Ocean in the east, is the main waterway in the town's

upland area.
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Figure 45: No Limitation Map of Tanay, Rizal, Philippines

No Limitation Areas

The no limitation map indicates areas where there are eroded portions,

shallow site and flood-prone/drainage problems. It also shows no limitation areas.

These areas are recommended for utilization/cultivation subject to certain land

management requirements. For instance, good land, nearly level to gently sloping,

slightly to moderately eroded, can be cultivated safely but requires erosion control

measures and easily applied conservation practices such as contour farming, strip
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cropping, diversion ditches in addition to liming, fertilization, crop rotation and

application of manure and compost. Such areas are indicated on the following table:

Table 9: Land Limitation Areas from BSWM

It can be observed from the above table that land suitable for cultivation (no

limitation) or utilization covers half of the total land area of the town. However coastal

areas, require drainage control areas practices due to poor external and internal

drainage condition. Such practices include flood control dikes, open ditches and

proper maintenance of drainage system in addition to good farming practices and

intensive soil conservation. Most of the arable lands in the municipality are already

cultivated. The remaining undeveloped areas are mostly open grassland, forestland

and small swamp areas, which are characterized by topography and drainage

condition unfavorable to cultivation.

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igure 16
Flooded and Flood-Free Areas (Poblacion)
igure 16
Flooded and Flood-Free Areas (Poblacion)
Figure 46: Flooded and Flood-Free Areas of Tanay, Rizal, Philippines

The typhoon belt includes the Philippines. The average frequency of typhoons

passing over the area is between 11% and 20%. This means that 2 to 4 typhoons,

out of the 19 that enter the Philippine area of responsibility each year, are anticipated

to pass over Tanay. Although the rest of the year is not completely free of typhoons

because they can hit the nation at any time of the year, the typhoon season typically

runs from June to November.

Figure 18
Rain-Induced Landslide Map
Figure 18
Rain-Induced Landslide Map
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Figure 18

Rain-Induced Landslide Map

Figure 47: Rain-include landslide Map of Tanay, Rizal, Philippines

The town of Tanay is prone to several hazards basically on account of its

slope. The following maps indicate these hazards. The preceding map shows large

areas of Tanay as being prone to landslide caused by heavy rains. Most of the areas

are inside the Kaliwa Forest Reserve, affecting the barangays of Laiban, San

Andres, Cayabu, Sto. Nino, Mamuyao, Tinucan, Sta. Ines and Daraita. Portions of

Plaza Aldea, Sampaloc and Cuyambay are also susceptible to this hazard,

particularly those with slope above 45%.

Tanay's town is vulnerable to several risks primarily because of its slope.

These dangers are depicted on the following maps. Large areas of Tanay are
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depicted on the previous map as being vulnerable to landslides brought on by

torrential rain. Most of the affected areas, which include the barangays of Laiban,

San Andres, Cayabu, and Sto, are inside the Kaliwa Forest Reserve. Mamuyao,

Tinucan, Nino, and Sta. Daria and Ines. Parts of Sampaloc, Cuyambay, and Plaza

Aldea are also at risk from this danger, especially those with slopes higher than

Figure 48: Structural Plan of Tanay, Rizal, Philippines

The Tanay población is still the hub of government, business, and other crucial

public services. North of the Poblacion, in the area where the housing projects for

displaced residents from the Metro Manila area are to be located, a secondary

growth note with a mix of residential, industrial, and commercial development will be

built. Additionally, it is where the municipality's industrial zone is located. Due to its

location at the intersection of Tanay-Sampaloc Road and the Marikina-Infanta Road,

where the 2nd Infantry Division of the Philippine Army and the main campus of the

University of Rizal System are both housed, Barangay Sampaloc continues to be a

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secondary growth node.Tanay's northern territory is predominately made up of

protection and conservation areas. These include the Masungi Rock protected area,

the Kaliwa and Marikina watersheds, and others. A portion of the Rizal provincial

territory has been designated as a major industrial center, and tourism zones where

the major natural attractions are located have been identified. Road networks will be

built to connect key growth hubs.

Figure 18
Rain-Induced Landslide Map
Figure 49: Liquefaction Map of Tanay, Rizal, Philippines

The Poblacion, particularly vulnerable to flooding, experienced a devastating

inundation during the 2009 Ondoy typhoon, with rainfall equivalent to a month's

worth pouring down on September 26, 2009. The situation worsened when the

upstream of the Tanay River, vital for irrigating the surrounding rice fields, collapsed,

resulting in the destruction of riverside homes and even a two-story cooperative

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building near Tanay Bridge. Commercial and residential structures were also

severely damaged, and prolonged flooding near Laguna Lake added to residents'

hardships. Similar issues recurred during the 2012 Habagat. In Barangay Sampaloc,

limited flooding was localized near bridges due to debris accumulation causing water

damming. The swelling of the Lanatin River and its tributaries encroached on

residential areas and farmlands in Kaliwa Watershed barangays. With abnormal

weather patterns observed, these challenges may reoccur soon.

Figure 50: Present Land-Use Map in Brgy. Sampaloc Tanay, Rizal, Philippines

The image above shows the creek in the whole community in Brgy. Sampaloc Tanay,

Rizal. The flow of water of from the creek can be seen here and where the lot will be

affected when it floods.

Creek
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4.3.0 Site Selection and Justification

4.3.1 Site A: Brgy. Sampaloc Tanay, Rizal

The household population of Sampaloc in the 2015 Census was 29,501

broken down into 6,397 households an average of 4.61 members per household.

Brgy. Sampaloc
Tanay, Rizal

N
2 ➤
The size of the lot is 5 hectares which is a corner lot and besides this, there is a

major and minor road and community residential.

Figure 51: 5 hectares lot in Brgy. Sampaloc Tanay, Rizal from Google Earth Pro
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Figure 52: Actual photos in Brgy. Sampaloc Tanay, Rizal

Location Brgy. Sampaloc Tanay, Rizal

Land Area (Survey Area) Lot 064 = 50,000 sq.m.

Structure Nos./ Facilities There is also an existing circular road.

Soil Condition Flat Soil and Sandy soil that the soil easy to

dig.

Water & Sewerage Tanay’s Water Corporation (TWC)

Telecommunication Tanay’s Telecom (PLDT)

Tress and other Important vegetation Full of vegetation on site

Electricity Tanay Electric Distribution Corporation

Road Condition All road bounding are concrete paved or

asphalted roads of major and minor road.

4.3.2 Site B: Brgy. Tambac, Tanay Rizal

The household population of Tambac in the 2015 Census was 625 broken down

into 141 households or an average of 4.43 members per household. The size of the

lot is 5.9 hectares and besides this is a minor road.

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Figure 53: 5.9 hectares lot in Brgy. Tambac Tanay, Rizal from Google Earth Pro

Figure 54: Actual Photos in Brgy. Tambac Tanay, Rizal

Location Brgy. Tambac Tanay, Rizal

Land Area (Survey Area) Lot 3266 = 50,900 sq.m.

Structure Nos./ Facilities There is also an existing major road and

residentials.

Soil Condition Flat Soil and Sandy soil that the soil easy to

dig

Tress and other Important vegetation Full of vegetation on site

Water & Sewerage Tanay’s Water Corporation (TWC)

Telecommunication Tanay’s Telecom (PLDT)

Electricity Tanay Electric Distribution Corporation

Road Condition Concrete paved or asphalted roads of

major and minor roads.

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4.3.3 Bagong Silangan Quezon City

According to the latest administrative report of the sub-district, the total

population is 115,000 (about 22,314 households with an average size of 6

individuals). The communities in Bagong Silangan were among those badly

impacted by Typhoon Ketsana in 2009, where hundreds of people perished due to

floods. The household population of Bagong Silangan in the 2015 Census was

88,287 broken down into 19,852 households or an average of 4.45 members per

household. The lot size is 79,367 sq.m.

Figure 55: From Google Earth Pro of Bagong Silang Quezon City Site

Location Bagong Silang Quezon City

Land Area (Survey Area) Lot 89 = 79,367 sq.m

Structure Nos./ Facilities There is also an existing major road and

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residential.

Soil Condition Flat soil and clay soil are hard to dig

Tress and other Important vegetation Very light of vegetation on site

Water & Sewerage Quezon City Water Corporation

Telecommunication Quezon City Telecom (PLDT)

Electricity Quezon City Electric Distribution

Corporation

Road Condition All road bounding are concrete paved or

asphalted roads of major and minor roads.

4.3.4 Site Justification Table

Table 10: Site Selection Review by Criteria and Justification

CRITERIA SITE A SITE B SITE C

CONNECTIVITY AND ACCESSIBILITY

DESCRIPTION Has access to Has access to Has access to

major and minor major and minor major and minor

roads and utility roads and utility roads and utility

systems. systems. systems.

SCORE 20 19 19

LOT SIZE

DESCRIPTION 50,000 sq.m. / 5 50,900 sq.m./ 5.9 79367sq.m./

ha. ha. 7.937 ha.

SCORE 20 15 20

SITE CONDITIONS

DESCRIPTION All the sites have flat ground and have fewer sloping areas
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which implies that building projects would require less

landslide because the soil is flat and away from rocky hilly

areas.

CORE 20 20 20

PHYSICAL SITE CHARACTERISTICS

DESCRIPTION Very high count of Light count of Very low count

existing vegetation. existing vegetation. of existing

Has a major and Low-rise structure vegetation.

minor road nearby. nearby

SCORE 18 15 15

ECONOMIC FACTOR

DESCRIPTION The land is too The area around Since the land is

high for the creek the land is flooded

area so there is a commercial and sometimes and

tendency not to residential and allow this site to

reach the water there is a creek on construct of,

every time there is its side, so every residential,

a flood, and it is time there is a commercial,

wide and flood, all the industry, and

surrounded by structures here will manufacturing

trees. enter the water can be placed

every time there is here.

a flood.

SCORE 20 16 15
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Synopsis:

The best site based on the Site Justification Table, with a score of 88 points,

SITE A is selected as the best site for the proposed project: “A PROPOSED

RESILIENT HOUSING IN TABING ILOG BRGY SAMPALOC, TANAY RIZAL”.

Among all the sites considered, it is the only site that has the zoning

classification under Residential use which makes it legal to use the site for the

proposed project. The site's physical attributes and conditions suggest that it has the

potential to be further developed, given its good ground surface for building and

limited existing vegetation. The location in SITE A is good because it is close to

everything like a gasoline station since vehicles need gas because of long distance

road of this location, and the second is it is close to convenient stores and persons

need. Lastly, when there is a flood there are two roads’ users can access this

location. Finally, because it is a corner lot used for residential purposes, which has

greater potential to generate income and economic growth, its economic factor

scores higher than those of the other two locations.

Bibliography:

Wikipedia Contributors. (2023, September 9). Tanay, Rizal. Wikipedia; Wikimedia

Foundation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanay,_Rizal#/media/File:Tanay,_Rizal_Political_

Map.png
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Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

‌gerbsdc. (2014). Tinipak River (Tanay, Rizal). Blogspot.com. https://larga-

bista.blogspot.com/2014/08/tinipak-river-tanay-rizal.html

Tanay, Rizal Profile – PhilAtlas. (1990, May). Philatlas.com.

https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r04a/rizal/tanay.html

adminbaras. (2021, August 31). THEMATIC MAPS. Municipality of Baras, Rizal

Province; Municipality of Baras, Rizal Province.

https://barasrizal.gov.ph/thematic-maps/#&gid=1&pid=12

‌
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