INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN

ORGANIZATIONS
2023
Questions
1. What roles do ISs play in organizations?
2. How can ISs create competitive advantages for the
organization?
3. Do ISs cause any changes to organization processes?
4. How to manage these changes?
1. The role of Information systems in
organizations
General model of an organization
Business processes supported by various functional area
information systems
The business value added from automating, learning, and
strategizing with information systems.

Faster Better Smarter

2. Information Systems and Competitive
Advantages
Industry structure
Competitive Strategies
Distinctive competencies lead to value creation and a
sustained competitive advantage.
Sources of Competitive Advantages
Principles of Competitive Advantages
Value Chain
Primary activities of the value chain
Support activities of the value chain
Examples of business processes
Value chain and information systems
Example
3. Change Management
 Leavitt’s diamond
Any changes in
technology, people,
task, or structure will
necessitate a change
in the other three
components
 Reengineering
Reengineering involves the radical
redesign of business processes,
organizational structure, information
systems, and the values of an
organization to achieve a
breakthrough in business results.
Lewin’s Change Model
Lewin’s force field analysis before addressing concerns
Lewin’s force field analysis after addressing concerns
Technology acceptance model (TAM)
Diffusion of Innovation Theory
Adopter Characteristics Strategy to Use
category
Innovator Risk takers; always the first to Simply provide them with
try new products and ideas access to the new system and
get out of their way
Early Opinion leaders whom others Provide them assistance
adopter listen to and follow; aware of getting started
the need for change
Early Listen to and follow the Provide them with evidence of
majority opinion leaders the system’s effectiveness and
success stories
Late Skeptical of change and new Provide them data on how
majority ideas many others have tried this
and have used it successfully
Laggards Very conservative and highly Have their peers demonstrate
skeptical of change how this change has helped
them and bring pressure to
bear from other adopters
Reference
• Kroenke, D.M. & Boyle, R.J. (2017). Using MIS, 9th
Edition, Pearson.
• Valacich, J.S. & Schneider, C. (2018). Information
Systems Today: Managing the digital world, 8th Edition,
Pearson.
• Stair, R.M. & Reynolds, G.W. (2018). Information
Systems: A Managerial Approach, 9th Edition, Cengage
Learning.