Physics for Scientists and Engineers

3rd Edition Knight Test Bank

Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://testbankdeal.com/download/physics-for-scientists-and-engineers-3rd-edition-k
night-test-bank/
Physics for Scientists and Engineers 3rd Edition Knight Test Bank

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 3e (Knight)

Chapter 2 Kinematics in One Dimension

2.1 Conceptual Questions

1) If the acceleration of an object is negative, the object must be slowing down.

A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Var: 1

2) If the graph of the position as a function of time for an object is a horizontal line, that object cannot
be accelerating.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Var: 1

3) If an object is accelerating toward a point, then it must be getting closer and closer to that point.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Var: 1

4) When can we be certain that the average velocity of an object is always equal to its instantaneous
velocity?
A) always
B) never
C) only when the velocity is constant
D) only when the acceleration is constant
E) only when the acceleration is changing at a constant rate
Answer: C
Var: 1

5) Suppose that an object is moving with constant nonzero acceleration. Which of the following is an
accurate statement concerning its motion?
A) In equal times its speed changes by equal amounts.
B) In equal times its velocity changes by equal amounts.
C) In equal times it moves equal distances.
D) A graph of its position as a function of time has a constant slope.
E) A graph of its velocity as a function of time is a horizontal line.
Answer: B
Var: 1

1
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Visit TestBankDeal.com to get complete for all chapters

6) Suppose that a car traveling to the west (the -x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a
traffic light. Which statement concerning its acceleration in the x direction is correct?
A) Both its acceleration and its velocity are positive.
B) Both its acceleration and its velocity are negative.
C) Its acceleration is positive but its velocity is negative.
D) Its acceleration is negative but its velocity is positive.
Answer: C
Var: 1

7) The motion of a particle is described in the velocity versus time graph shown in the figure. We can
say that its speed

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) increases and then decreases.
D) decreases and then increases.
Answer: D
Var: 1

8) The motions of a car and a truck along a straight road are represented by the velocity-time graphs in
the figure. The two vehicles are initially alongside each other at time t = 0. At time T, what is true about
these two vehicles since time t = 0?

A) The truck will have traveled further than the car.

B) The car will have traveled further than the truck.
C) The truck and the car will have traveled the same distance.
D) The car will be traveling faster than the truck.
Answer: A
Var: 1

2
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
9) The graph in the figure shows the position of an object as a function of time. The letters H-L
represent particular moments of time. At which moments shown (H, I, etc.) is the speed of the object
(a) the greatest?
(b) the smallest?

Answer: (a) J (b) I

Var: 1

10) The figure shows the position of an object (moving along a straight line) as a function of time.
Assume two significant figures in each number. Which of the following statements about this object is
true over the interval shown?

A) The object is accelerating to the left.

B) The object is accelerating to the right.
C) The acceleration of the object is in the same direction as its velocity.
D) The average speed of the object is 1.0 m/s.
Answer: A
Var: 1

3
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
strongly ridged, and the nose being more prominent, even aquiline—a
striking contrast to the African. The Melanesians about New Guinea are
called Papuas from their woolly hair (Malay papuwah = frizzed), which
is often grown into enormous mops. The great variety of colour in
Melanesia, from the full brown-black down to chocolate or nut-brown,
shows that there has been much crossing with lighter populations. Such
mixture is evident in the coast-people of Fiji, where the dark Melanesian
race is indeed predominant, but crossed with the lighter Polynesian race
to which much of the language and civilization of the islands belongs.
Lastly, the Tasmanians were a distant outlying population belonging to
the eastern blacks.

F . 24.—Aheta (Negrito), Philippine Islands.

F . 25.—Melanesians.
F . 26.—South Australian (man).
F . 27.—South Australian (woman).
F . 28.—Australian (Queensland) women.
 F . 29.—Dravidian hill-man (after Fryer).

In Australia, that vast island-continent, whose plants and animals are

not those of Asia, but seem as it were survivors from a long-past period
of the earth’s history, there appears a thin population of roaming savages,
strongly distinct from the blacker races of New Guinea at the north, and
Tasmania at the south. The Australians, with skin of dark chocolate-
colour, may be taken as a special type of the brown races of man. While
their skull is narrow and prognathous like the negro’s, it differs from it in
special points which have been already mentioned (page 60), and has,
indeed, peculiarities which distinguish it very certainly from that of other
races. In the portraits of Australians, Figs. 26, 27, 28, there may be
noticed the heavy brows and projecting jaws, the wide but not flat nose,
the full lips, and the curly but not woolly black hair. Looking at the map
of the world to see where brown races next appear, good authorities
define one on the continent of India. There the hill-tribes present the type
of the old dwellers in south and central India before the conquest by the
Aryan Hindus, and its purest form appears in tribes hardly tilling the soil,
but living a wild life in the jungle, while the great mass, more mixed in
race with the Hindus, under whose influence they have been for ages,
now form the great Dravidian nations of the south, such as the Tamil and
Telugu. Fig. 29 represents one of the ruder Dravidians, from the
Travancore forests. Farther west, it has been thought that a brown race
may be distinguished in Africa, taking in Nubian tribes and less
distinctly traceable in the Berbers of Algiers and Tunis. If so, to this race
the ancient Egyptians would seem mainly to belong, though mixed with
Asiatics, who from remote antiquity came in over the Syrian border. The
Egyptian drawings of themselves (as in Chaps. IX. to XI.) require the
eyes to be put in profile and the body coloured reddish-brown to
represent the race to us. None felt more strongly than the Egyptian of
ancient Thebes, that among the chief distinctions between the races of
mankind were the complexion and feature which separated him from the
Æthiopian on the one hand, and the Assyrian or Israelite on the other.
F . 30.—Kalmuk (after Goldsmid).

F . 31.—Goldi (Amur).
 F . 32.—Siamese actresses.

Turning to another district of the world, the Mongoloid type of man

has its best marked representatives on the vast steppes of northern Asia.
Their skin is brownish-yellow, their hair of the head black, coarse, and
long, but face-hair scanty. Their skull is characterized by breadth,
projection of cheek-bones, and forward position of the outer edge of the
orbits, which, as well as the slightness of brow-ridges, the slanting
aperture of the eyes, and the snub-nose, are observable in Figs. 30 and
31, and in Fig. 12 d. The Mongoloid race is immense in range and
numbers. The great nations of south-east Asia show their connexion with
it in the familiar complexion and features of the Chinese and Japanese.
Figs. 32, 33, 34 are portraits from Siam, Cochin-China, and Corea. In his
wide migrations over the world, the Mongoloid, through change of
climate and life, and still farther by intermarriage with other races, loses
more and more of his special points. It is so in the South-east, where in
China and Japan the characteristic breadth of skull is lessened. In
Europe, where from remotest antiquity hordes of Tatar race have poured
in, their descendants have often preserved in their languages, such as
Hungarian and Finnish, clearer traces of their Asiatic home than can be
made out in their present types of complexion and feature. Yet the Finns,
Figs. 35 and 36, have not lost the race-differences which mark them off
from the Swedes among whom they dwell, and the stunted Lapps show
some points of likeness to their Siberian kinsfolk, who wander like them
with their reindeer on the limits of the Arctic regions.

F . 33.—Cochin-Chinese.
F . 34.—Coreans.
F . 35.—Finn (man).
F . 36.—Finn (woman).
F . 37.—Malays.
 F . 38.—Malays.

In pursuing beyond this point the examination of the races of the

world, the problem becomes more obscure. On the Malay peninsula, at
the extreme south-east corner of Asia, appear the first members of the
Malay race, seemingly a distant branch of the Mongoloid, which spreads
over Sumatra, Java, and other islands of the Eastern Archipelago. Figs.
37 and 38 give portraits of the more civilised Malays, while Fig. 39
shows the Dayaks of Borneo, who represent the race in a wilder and
perhaps less mixed state. From the Malay Archipelago there stretch into
the Pacific the island ranges first of Micronesia and then of Polynesia,
till we reach Easter Island to the east and New Zealand to the south. The
Micronesians and Polynesians show connexion with the Malays in
language, and more or less in bodily make. But they are not Malays
proper, and there are seen among them high faces, narrow noses, and
small mouths which remind us of the European face, as in the
Micronesian, Fig. 40, who stands here to represent this varied group of
peoples. The Maoris are still further from being pure Malays, as is seen
by their more curly hair, often prominent and even aquiline noses. It
seems likely that an Asiatic race closely allied to Malays may have
spread over the South Sea Islands, altering their special type by crossing
with the dark Melanesians, so that now the populations of different
island groups often vary much in appearance. This race of sailors even
found their way to Madagascar, where their descendants have more or
less blended with a population from the continent of Africa.

F . 39.—Dayaks.
 F . 40.—Kingsmill Islander.

Turning now to the double continent of America, we find in this New

World a problem of race remarkably different from that of the Old
World. The traveller who should cross the earth from Nova Zemlya to
the Cape of Good Hope or Van Diemen’s Land would find in its various
climates various strongly-marked kinds of men, white, yellow, brown,
and black. But if Columbus had surveyed America from the Arctic to the
Antarctic regions, he would have found no such extreme unlikeness in
the inhabitants. Apart from the Europeans and Africans who have poured
in since the fifteenth century, the native Americans in general might be,
as has often been said, of one race. Not that they are all alike, but their
differences in stature, form of skull, feature, and complexion, though
considerable, seem variations of a secondary kind. It is not as if several
races had formed each its proper type in its proper region, but as if the
country had been peopled by migrating tribes of a ready-made race, who
had only to spread and acclimatise themselves over both tropical and
temperate zones, much as the European horses have done since the time
of Columbus, and less perfectly the white men themselves. The race to
which most anthropologists refer the native Americans is the Mongoloid
of East Asia, who are capable of accommodating themselves to the
extremest climates, and who by the form of skull, the light-brown skin,
straight black hair, and black eyes, show considerable agreement with
the American tribes. Figs. 41 and 42 represent the wild hunting-tribes of
North America in one of the finest forms now existing, the Colorado
Indians, while in Fig. 43 the Cauixana Indians may stand as examples of
the rude and sluggish forest-men of Brazil. While tribes of America and
Asia may thus be of one original stock, we must look cautiously at
theories as to the ocean and island routes by which Asiatics may have
migrated to people the New World. It is probable that man had appeared
there, as in the Old World, in an earlier geological period than the
present, so that the first kinship between the Mongols and the North
American Indians may go back to a time when there was no ocean
between them. What looks like later communication between the two
continents, is that the stunted Eskimo with their narrow roof-topped
skulls may be a branch of the Japanese stock, while there are signs of the
comparatively civilized Mexicans and Peruvians having in some way
received arts and ideas from Asiatic nations.
F . 41.—Colorado Indian (North America).
F . 42.—Colorado Indian (North America).