OSPF basically builds a database of routes to its neighbors and using an algorithm, calculates the

best possible (i.e shortest) path. Its a link-state protocol because OSPF really cares and needs to be
aware of the up or down state of its neighbors in order to calculate the best (shortest) path.

RIP uses "next-hop" as its metric. It calculates the best route based on the number of "hops" it takes
to reach the specified subnet.

EIGRP is indeed cisco proprietary but is considered to be somewhat of a hybrid between link-state
and distance vector; its often referred to as an advanced distance vector protocol. To put it simply,
EIGRP basically does what OSPF does and what RIP does and combines the two into a set of
algorithms to learn and place the best route for each subnet.

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (also known as EIGRP) is a proprietary

routing protocol developed by Cisco. It is loosely based on the original concept of IGRP –Interior
Gateway Routing Protocol.

Open Shortest Path First (also known as OSPF) is a dynamic routing protocol. It is used
specifically for the Internet Protocol (or IP) networks. It is a link state routing protocol and is most
commonly grouped with interior gateway protocols. It operates within a single autonomous system (or
AS). OSPF is arguably the most commonly used interior gateway protocol (or IGP) that functions
mostly in large enterprise networks.

OSPF was designed specifically to support variable length subnet masking (or VLSM) or Classless
Inter-Domain Routing (or CIDR)
Bridge:
In telecommunication networks, a bridge is a product that connects a local area network (LAN) to
another local area network that uses the same protocol (for example, Ethernet or token ring).

Gateway:
A gateway is a network point that acts as an entrance to another network. The computers that control
traffic within your company's network or at your local Internet service provider (ISP) are gateway
nodes.

Hub:
In data communications, a hub is a place of convergence where data arrives from one or more
directions and is forwarded out in one or more other directions.

autonomous system (AS)

On the Internet, an autonomous system (AS) is the unit of router policy, either a single network or a
group of networks that is controlled by a common network administrator (or group of administrators)
on behalf of a single administrative entity (such as a university, a business enterprise, or a business
division).

Networks within an autonomous system communicate routing information to each other using an
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). An autonomous system shares routing information with other
autonomous systems using the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a protocol for exchanging routing information between gateway
hosts (each with its own router) in a network of autonomous systems. BGP is often the protocol used
between gateway hosts on the Internet.

Hosts using BGP communicate using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and send updated router
table information only when one host has detected a change. Only the affected part of the routing table
is sent. BGP-4, the latest version, lets adminstrators configure cost metrics based on policy statements.
(BGP-4 is sometimes called BGP4, without the hyphen.)

BGP communicates with autonomous (local) networks using Internal BGP (IBGP) since it doesn't work
well with IGP. The routers inside the autonomous network thus maintain two routing tables: one for the
interior gateway protocol and one for IBGP.
BGP-4 makes it easy to use Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), which is a way to have more
addresses within the network than with the current IP address assignment scheme.
CIDR:
A CIDR network address looks like this:
192.30.250.00/18
The "192.30.250.00" is the network address itself and the "18" says that the first 18 bits are the network
part of the address, leaving the last 14 bits for specific host addresses.

IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)

An IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) is a protocol for exchanging routing information between gateways
(hosts with routers) within an autonomous network (for example, a system of corporate local area
networks). The routing information can then be used by the Internet Protocol (IP) or other network
protocols to specify how to route transmissions.
There are two commonly used IGPs: the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and the Open Shortest
Path First (OSPF) protocol.

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

RIP uses a hop count as a way to determine network distance.
NetFlow is a network protocol developed by Cisco for the collection and monitoring of network traffic
flow data generated by NetFlow-enabled routers and switches.

NetFlow (Cisco)
NetFlow is a network protocol developed by Cisco for the collection and monitoring of network traffic
flow data generated by NetFlow-enabled routers and switches.
NetFlow is used by IT professionals to analyze network traffic flow and volume to determine where
traffic is coming from, where it is going to, and how much traffic is being generated. NetFlow-enabled
routers export traffic statistics as NetFlow records which are then collected by a NetFlow collector. The
collector does that actual traffic analysis and presentation to the user and can take the form of a
hardware appliance or software.
The term NetFlow has become a de-facto industry standard and is supported by platforms other than
Cisco including; Juniper (Jflow); 3Com/HP, Dell and Netgear (sFlow); Huawei (NetStream); Alcatel-
Lucent (Cflow); and Ericsson (Rflow).

EBGP: external BGP runs between routers in different ***

IBGP: internal BGP runs between routers in the same AS
 Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)
VRF: Virtual outing and Forwarding
GUI ( Graphics User Interface ).
(Media Access Control or MAC)

Area Border Routers(ABR)

PEAR is short for "PHP Extension and Application Repository".The purpose of PEAR is to provide:
 A structured library of open-source code for PHP users
 A system for code distribution and package maintenance
 A standard style for code written in PHP, specified here
 The PHP Extension Community Library (PECL), see more below
 A web site, mailing lists and download mirrors to support the PHP/PEAR community
Pear gives you the ability to download/install libraries of pre-written PHP code "modules" though a
easy to use web based frontend. allowing for quicker development and more ensures efficiency,
security, and reliability.

PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source
general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be
embedded into HTML.
PHP CLI is a short for PHP Command Line Interface

Why to use PHP CLI? One want to use PHP CLI SAPI simply because there are several advantages in
being able to run PHP code from command line such as:
 no need to learn another language such as Perl, Bash or Awk
 running scheduled (CRON) tasks written in php
 reusage of your existing components

MySQL is the world's most widely used open source relational database management system
(RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases.

Graphviz is open source graph visualization software.

Subversion is a free/open source version control system (VCS). That is, Subversion manages files
and directories, and the changes made to them, over time. This allows you to recover older versions
of your data or examine the history of how your data changed.

ImageMagick® is a software suite to create, edit, compose, or convert bitmap images. It can
read and write images in a variety of formats (over 100) including DPX, EXR, GIF, JPEG, JPEG-
2000, PDF, PhotoCD, PNG, Postscript, SVG, and TIFF. Use ImageMagick to resize, flip, mirror,
rotate, distort, shear and transform images, adjust image colors, apply various special effects, or
draw text, lines, polygons, ellipses and Bézier curves.
Whois is a protocol used to find information about networks, domains and hosts.
Area border router
An area border router (ABR) is a router that connects one or more areas to the main backbone network.

Backbone area
The backbone area (also known as area 0 or area 0.0.0.0) forms the core of an OSPF network.

Eigrp.rip,ospf,bgp,osi layer,asn,igp,static

Wi-Fi is short for "wireless fidelity,"