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\boih ec @edthdts
bdl Fuglbd`h
^rhcb`h bdl Fuglbd`h Deths
Mbraedg`` Agder
Mbraedg Agder Ig`ks
@ Mbraedg` Agder P`bihs
Ig`k 2
Ig`k ?
Ig`k 2
Ig`k ?
B Ie`rgbd
Ie`rgbd Dbturbi 3tm P`bihs
P`bihs
Ig`k 2
Ig`k ?
Ig`k 0
Ig`k <
Gedgbd #8 Ig`ks
@ Gedgbd #8 P`bihs
Ig`k 2
Ig`k ?
Ig`k 0
Ig`k 2
Ig`k ?
Ig`k 0
Ig`k 2
Ig`k ?
Ig`k 0
Ig`k <
Ig`k 8
Ig`k 3
Iylgbd #? Ig`ks
Oo Iylgbd #? P`bihs
Ig`k 2
Ig`k ?
Ig`k 0
Ig`k <
Lgagdgsmhl Ig`ks
@# Lgagdgsmhl P`bihs
Ig`k 2b
Ig`k 2o
Ig`k ?
Ig`k 0
GPOD 76=->-7863<77-<-2
www.fugtbr-oeek.`ea
www.fugtbr-oeek.`ea
oeek
\mh Bulge bdl Sglhe cgihs `bd oh ceudl bt tmgs igdk bt tmh ob`k ec tmh oeek
Aelhs `bd oh ceudl crea wgtmgd bii abjer s`bihs, det just tmh @ Mbraedg`
agder boevh. Ceiiewgdf gs b `mbrt cer bii Mbraedg` agder s`bihs bdl tmhgr
aelhs. Cer tmh ohiew `mbrt, tmh Mbraedg` agder s`bihs brh ed tmh ihct
vhrtg`bi `eiuad, wgtm tmh deth dbahs crea hb`m s`bih te gts rgfmt. B`ress tmh
tep brh tmh aelbi dbahs (Ie`rgbd dbturbi 3, Gedgbd
G edgbd #8 ht`.) cer wmhd tmh
Mbraedg` agder s`bih gs tbkhd crea tmh `errhspedlgdf deth ohiew. ohiew. Detg`h
bise tmbt bt tmh tep ec tmgs `mbrt, brh duahrg` vbiuhs cer tmh deths ec tmh
Mbraedg` agder s`bihs (2st, ?dl, o0rl ht`.) \mhsh brh fhdhrg` dbahs kdewd
bs gdthrvbis tmbt bppiy te bii ec tmh Mbraedg` agder s`bihs (tmh 2st ohgdf ttmh
mh
_eet deth).
Gc wh rhfbrl tmh stbrtgdf deth ec bdy aelh bs gts ewd _eet deth (er ’2‑ gd tmh
`bsh ec tmh `mbrt) tmhd wh fht tmh
t mh ceiiewgdf fhdhrg` s`bih cerauibs cer tmh
aelhs.
\mh cibt o bdl smbrp # syaoeis rhprhshdt mew tmh gdthrvbi mbs `mbdfhl gd
`eapbrgsed te tmh Abjer s`bih (tmh aetmhr ec bii s`bihs). Gd tmh `bsh ec tmh
Iylgbd #? aelh tmhrh gs b #?dl wmg`m ahbds tmh ?dl gdthrvbi
g dthrvbi gs rbgshl. \mh
rhbsed ohmgdl tmhsh lgcchrhd`hs `bd oh shhd gd tmh ergfgdbi `mbrt ed pbfh 0
wmhrh tmh shquhd`hs ec \edhs bdl Phagtedhs lgcchr cer hb`m aelh luh te te
vgorbte ed vgorbte
bs bllgdf `hrtbgd te
deths). Chhi
`hrtbgd crhhwmhrh
deths te hxhr`gsh yeur
yeu chhi ewd brtgstg`
bppreprgbth. ig`hd`h,
\mgs su`m
gs usubiiy
lewd te pibygdf mew yeu chhi.
\mh ob`kgdf trb`ks brh gd lgcchrhdt sphhls cer yeu te stbrt prb`tgsgdf siewiy
bdl ougil up te mgfmhr sphhls. Gc yeu chhi
c hhi yeu brh det boih te piby bdy ec tmh
ig`ks bt cuii sphhl, tmhd tmgs lehs det ahbd b iewhr sphhl lehsd‗t werk
ausg`biiy bdl `bd‗t oh bpprh`gbthl bs su`m. Ohsglhs, G dhvhr prb`tgsh
seahtmgdf G `bd birhbly hbsgiy piby,
piby, bs tmbt wby G weuil det gaprevh. \mh
tgah sgfdbturh cer bii ec tmh ig`ks gs </< tgah, wmg`m ahbds tmhrh brh < qubrthr
deth (`ret`mht) ohbts phr obr, bdl aest ec tmh ig`ks brh gd swgdf tgah.
Hb`m fugtbr ig`k mbs b vglhe ec ayshic pibygdf gt, g t, bdl bd bulge trb`k ec tmh
sbah. \mh bulge trb`ks bise mbvh b siew vhrsged cer hb`m ig`k. \mh `ieshl mg-
mbt seudl ushl cer tmh ohbt ed tmh siew vhrsgeds e``ur ed hvhry qubrthr deth
ohbt bdl `eudts gd ed ohbts 0 bdl < ohcerh tmh ig`k stbrts. Cer ig`ks tmbt led‗t
stbrt ed er dhbr tmh cgrst ohbt, tmh `eudt gd gs stbrthl crea b aerh bppreprgbth
ohbt. \mgs wgii oh ahdtgedhl cer bcch`thl ig`ks.
\mh ibyeut ec tmgs oeek mbs ohhd ablh se tmbt de ig`ks fe evhr aerh tmbd
edh pbfh, wmg`m ahbds yeu wed‗t dhhl te s`bd b`ress pbfhs wmgih rhblgdf
tmh sbah ig`k, er dhhl te turd evhr b pbfh te rhbl pbrts ec tmh sbah ig`k. \mh
b``eapbdygdf thxt bcthr hb`m ig`k mbs bise ohhd khpt ed tmh sbah pbfh bs
au`m bs pessgoih.
Ohiew brh tmh 8 @BFHL pbtthrds cer @ Mbraedg` agder. \mh ’_‑ gd squbrhs
rhprhshdts tmh ie`btgeds ec tmh reet deth (etmhrwgsh kdewd bs 2), wmgih tmh
wmgth bdl oib`k smblhs glhdtgcy shpbrbth e``urrhd`hs ec wmbt gs b`tubiiy tmh
sbah s`bih rhphbtgdf gd lgcchrhdt e`tbvhs.
\mh ceiiewgdf ig`ks ush deths crea wgtmgd tmhsh. Cer hb`m ig`k, tmh pbtthrds
tmbt gts deths brh crea brh ahdtgedhl. Weu
Weu `euil ce`us ed ttmbt
mbt bt bdy pegdt
yeu wgsm, mewhvhr, G weuil hd`eurbfh yeu te stuly tmh ig`ks tmhashivhs
cgrst.
Ig`k 2
\mh cgrst twe obrs abkh ush ec tmh abjer 6tm gdthrvbi (tmh deth ec O), wmg`m
gs bd gdthrvbi tmbt abkhs tmh Mbraedg` agder
ag der s`bih udgquh bdl abt`mhs tmh
6tm wgtmgd tmh @a(abj6) `merl. Ed obr tmrhh tmhrh brh tmrhh sabii brphffges
siglgdf crea edh te bdetmhr, F abjer, Bo abjer tmhd O Lgagdgsmhl. \mgs ig`k
ushs deths crea wgtmgd pbtthrds <, 0 bdl 8.
Ig`k ?
2
Ig`k 2
\mh crhttgdf mbdl cgdfhrs ushl cer tmgs ig`k brh seahwmbt `rgtg`bi gd erlhr tte
e
abkh gt pessgoih. \mh brphffge dhbr tmh stbrt ec tmh tmgrl obr gs Hagder6o8
(mbraedgshl crea H Ie`rgbd Dbturbi 3tm aelh), tmhrhcerh bs au`m bs tmgs
ig`k aby oh `hdtrhl breudl L Mbraedg` agder, pbrts ec lgcchrhdt aelhs `bd
oh ushl te fgvh gt seah aerh aevhahdt, au`m igkh tmh prhvgeus ig`ks le.
Myorgl pg`kgdf gs ushl tewbrls tmh hdl, gd wmg`m tmh agllih cgdfhr gs ushl te
piu`k tmh strgdf. Myorgl pg`kgdf werks whii cer tmhsh deths tmbt brh b chw
strgdfs bpbrt crea wmhrh tmh pg`k gs ushl. ^btthrds 2 bdl ? brh ushl cer tmgs
ig`k.
Ig`k ?
Ig`k 2
Ig`k ?
Bdetmhr gga6o8 S6 ga6 `merl prefrhssged wgtm tmh t mh sbah s`bihs evhr tmh
`merls. Ed tmh sh`edl obr tmh ig`k juaps crea tmh deth ec B te tmh 3tm (C#),
wmg`m gd rhibtged te tmh L6 `merl weuil oh b 0rl. B Ie`rgbd Dbturbi 3tm
pbtthrd 0 ushl mhrh bfbgd.
Ig`k 0
\mgs gs tmh sbah `merl prefrhssged bs tmh ibst twe ig`ks hx`hpt hb`m `merl
ibsts twe obrs gdsthbl ec edh. Bcthr tmh cgrst twe obrs, wmg`m ush B Ie`rgbd
Dbturbi 3tm, tmh 6tm crht bt tmh stbrt ec tmh tmgrl obr gs b `merl tedh ec tmh L6
`merl (gts 8tm). \mh ceurtm obr ushs b rhphbtgdf aetgc chbturgdf b siglh crea
tmh 2>tm te tmh 20tm crht ec tmh O strgdf. \mgs ig`k ushs deths crea B Ie`rgbd
Dbt 3tm pbtthrds 2 bdl 8.
Ig`k <
\mgs ig`k mbs b stbtg` Ba6o8 `merl wgtm tmh ig`k ediy usgdf B Ie`rgbd
Dbturbi 3tm. Au`m ec tmgs ig`k
ig `k mbs tmh chhi ec lgagdgsmhl brphffge te gt (oetm
mbic bdl wmeih lgagdgsmhl), wgtm tmhsh brphffges bpphbrgdf ohtwhhd vbrgeus
Gedgbd #8 Ig`ks
\mh gdthrvbis ec tmh Gedgbd #8 aelh brh 2 ? 0 < #8 3 6 Cer @ Gedgbd #8 tmgs
fgvhs us tmh deths @ L H C F# B O
@ Gedgbd #8 P`bihs
2
Ig`k 2
B ogzbrrh seudlgdf ig`k wgtm tmh ush ec tmh #8tm (F#) gd bii ec gts pbrts.
Lgccg`uity aby igh ed obr tmrhh wmhrh yeu mbvh te le b puii-ecc tmbt gs ceur
crhts bpbrt ohtwhhd tmh 20tm bdl 7tm crht, ceiiewhl oy b cgdfhr reii wgtm tmh
2st cgdfhr. ^btthrds 2 bdl 8 brh ushl.
?
Ig`k ?
B cbsthr ig`k tmbt gs trg`kghr cer tmh pg`kgdf mbdl. Gt stbrts wgtm b `mreabtg`
Ig`k 0
_btmhr tmbd stbygdf wgtm b @buf `merl bii tmh wby igkh tmh ibst twe ig`ks lgl,
tmgs edh aevhs te b @ abjer `merl ed tmh cgctm obr, wmg`m fgvhs b rhseivh
crea tmh lgssedbdt seudl. \mh thdsged bdl rhihbsh ec tmgs `merl aevhahdt gs
bise rhcih`thl gd tmh ig`k oy stbrtgdf
stbrtg df ecc wgtm @ Gedgbd #8 evhr @buf tmhd
usgdf @ abjer evhr tmh @ `merl. \mhrh gs b`tubiiy b #8tm ushl evhr tmh @
abjer `merl tee, out gt dew cud`tgeds ihss preagdhdtiy bs gt werks bs b
`mreabtg` pbssgdf deth lewd te tmh 8tm gdthrvbi (deth ec F ed tmh =tm crht O
strgdf). \mh @ Gedgbd #8 pbrt ec tmgs ig`k ushs deths crea pbtthrds ?, 0, < bdl
8. \mh @ abjer pbrt ushs tmh sbah pbtthrds hx`hpt cer tmh s`bih ec @ abjer.
Ig`k 2
Oetm `merls ec tmgs ig`k werk wgtm C# Lergbd #< bs tmhy `edtbgd gdthrvbis
tmbt abt`m gt. C#a7 `edtbgds 2 o0 8 o6 7 wmgih C#a6o8 `edtbgds 2 o0 o8 o6.
\mh 7tm wgtmgd C#a7 gs tmh `eapeudl gdthrvbi ec tmh ?dl wmgih tmh o8 gd
C#a6o8 gs hdmbraedg` te tmh #<. Gd tmgs ig`k tmh #<tm gs sbvhl udtgi tmh tmgrl
obr, wmhrh gt gs ushl te obr cgvh tmhd ihct eut ed tmh ibst twe obrs, abkgdf cer
seah `edtrbst ohtwhhd `eacertboih bdl lgssedbdt seudl. ^btthrds 2 bdl ?
brh ushl wgtmgd tmgs ig`k.
Ig`k ?
\mgs ig`k
ihfbte pbrtushs tmhsgxtm
ed tmh sbahobr
`merls
stbrt bs
stbrtss ectmh ibstbd
wgtm tmbt
C, abt`m
wmg`m Lergbd #<. \mhpbssgdf
gs b `mreabtg` cbsthr
deth tmbt siglhs up te tmh C# . \mh trgii bt tmh hdl ec tmh ihfbte pbrt gs det
piu`khl te stbrt gt ecc bdl e``urs bt tmh tep ec b siglh upwbrls te tmh =tm crht.
\mh ibst igdh ec tmgs ig`k
i g`k lhs`hdls gd shts ec tmrhh deths tmreufm bd Ca7
brphffge (agdus tmh o0rl). \mgs ig`k ushs deths creacr ea pbtthrds <, 8 bdl ?. \mh
`eudt gd cer tmh siew vhrsged ec tmgs ig`k stbrts ed ohbt 2.
Ig`k 0
\mh cbst ihfbte pbrt ec tmgs ig`k gs wertm prb`tgsgdf ed gts ewd. Abkh surh te
fht bs hqubi veiuah bs pessgoih cer tmh mbaahr-eds bdl puiis-eccs bs deths
crea tmh rhst ec tmh
t mh ig`k. \mh ibst deth ohdls crea tmh ?dl te tmh o0rl orghciy,
tmhd ob`k lewd te tmh ?dl te abt`m tmh 7tm 7t m crea tmh C#a7 `merl (7tm ggss tmh
`eapeudl gdthrvbi ec tmh ?dl). ^btthrd 0 gs
g s ushl cer aest ec tmgs iig`k
g`k udtgi
obr shvhd ed tmh ibst igdh, wmg`m fehs up tmh crht-oebrl te pbtthrds 2 bdl 8
(wmg`m brh bd e`tbvh mgfmhr tmbd tmh edhs smewd gd tmh s`bih lgbfrbas ed
pbfh 23). \mh `eudt gd cer tmh siew vhrsged ec tmgs ig`k stbrts ed ohbt 2.
2
Ig`k 2
\mhsh ig`ks ush b S6 ga6 `merl prefrhssged. \mgs ig`k‗s ig`k‗s th`mdg`bi lgccg`uity
ighs gd tmh cgdfhr reii rhqugrhl oy tmh ?dl cgdfhr (agllih cgdfhr), wmhrh yeu
`bd shh tmh sbah crht ohgdf pibyhl b`ress bljb`hdt strgdfs (tmh F bdl O
strgdf). \mgs ig`k cgdgsmhs ed Ho, b `merl tedh ec tmh Boa6 `merl (dbahiy gt‗ gt ‗s
8tm). ^btthrd 2 gs ushl cer tmgs ig`k.
Ig`k ?
\mgs ig`k ushs b `mreabtg` pbssgdf deth ed tmh cgrst obr (2?tm crht L str
strgdf),
gdf),
wmg`m gs b 6tm gdthrvbi aevgdf up te tmh reet deth ec Ho . Ed tmh sh`edl obr
tmh 2?tm tmhd 2<tm crhts ed tmh L strgdf b`t bs b iewhr / upphr `mreabtg`
bppreb`m te tmh pre`hhlgdf 20tm crht (Ho reet deth). \mgs ig`k cgdgsmhs ed tmh
deth ec Bo, wmg`m gs tmh reet
r eet deth ec tmh Boa6 `merl evhr wmg`m ggtt gs pibyhl.
Ediy pbtthrd 8 gs ushl cer tmgs ig`k.
Ig`k 0
B cgdfhr reii
rei i gs ushl ed tmgs ig`k‗s cgrst obr wgtm tmh crhttgdf mbdl‗s ?dl cgdfhr.
Peah wglhiy spb`hl gdthrvbis gd tmgs ig`k (tbkh deth ec tmh crhttgdf cgdfhr
duaohrs), wmg`m ushs deths crea pbtthrd 2.
Ig`k <
Ig`k <obr
sh`edl stbrts
mbswgtm
wmbtb cgdfhr
cg dfhroh
`euil reiishhd
wgtmbstmh
bd crhttgdf
cr httgdf mbdl‗
bs`hdlgdf mbdl‗s
Coslgagdgsmhl
agllih cgdfhr. \mh
brphffge
Ig`k 8
B igttih ogt ec myorgl pg`kgdf ushl gd tmh cgrst obr ec tmgs ig`k gd wmg`m tmh
Agllih (a) bdl _gdf (b) cgdfhr brh ushl. \mhsh ihtthr boorhvgbtgeds brh crea
Ibtgd werls Ahlge bdl Bduibr. Cer tmh cgrst obr tmh <tm crht iew H strgdf
(Bo) bdl 0rl crht iewi ew H (F) werk bs b Obssigdh evhr tmh mgfmhr deths ec tmh
ig`k. Gc yeu `bd fht tmhsh iewhr deths te khhp rgdfgdf wmgih tmh mgfmhr edhs
brh pibyhl hvhd ohtthr.
ohtthr. ^btthrd 2 gs ushl cer tmgs ig`k.
Ig`k 3
\mgs smert ig`k `eahs gd ediy edh obr ohcerh tmh `merl `mbdfh te Boa6. ^by
btthdtged te tmh crhttgdf cgdfhr
cg dfhr duaohrs bs tmgs ig`k oh`eahs udwghily
wgtmeut tmha. ^btthrd 8 gs ushl mhrh.
Iylgbd #? Ig`ks
\mh gdthrvbis ec tmh Iylgbd #? aelh brh 2 #? 0 #< 8 3 6 Cer Oo Iylgbd #?
tmgs fgvhs us tmh deths Oo @# L H C F B
Oo Iylgbd #? P`bihs
Ig`k 2
Crea tmh 6tm crht L strgdf tmh 6tm, #? bdl #< gdthrvbis
g dthrvbis brh ushl bs `mreabtg`
pbssgdf deths te tmh `merl tedhs ec _eet, 0rl bdl 8tm. \mhsh `mreabtg`biiy
cud`tgedgdf deths brh fgvhd aerh hapmbsgs bs tmhy e``ur ed tmh ohbts (<, 2
bdl ?) rbtmhr tmbd ed tmh ’bdls‑ gd ohtwhhd, wmgih tmh `merl tedhs e``ur ed
tmh bdls. \mgs ig`k ushs deths crea pbtthrds < bdl 8.
Ig`k ?
Au`m igkh bii ec tmhsh ig`ks tmh #? bdl #< brh ushl cer gts qugrky seudl.
^btthrds 8 bdl < brh ushl cer tmgs
t mgs ig`k.
Ig`k 0
Hvhry pmrbsh ec tmgs ig`k hdls ed hgtmhr b #? er #< abkgdf cer b iigttih
gttih aerh
qugrkgdhss. \mh ibst deth gs tmh #< (H).
(H) . \mgs ig`k ushs deths crea pbtthrds 0
bdl <.
Ig`k <
\mh cgrst pbrt ec tmgs ig`k lhs`hdls gd 0rls. Pigfmtiy ihss qugrky tmbd tmh ibst
ig`k bs(hvhd
deths tmh #?gdbdl
tmh#< ediy
cgrst e``ur
obr), ed tmh
wmgih ’bdls‑
ig`k bdl
hdlscud`tged bs `mreabtg`
ed tmh gdthrvbi ec tmh pbssgdf
8tm (C)
Lgagdgsmhl Ig`ks
\mh gdthrvbis ec tmh Lgagdgsmhl aelh brh 2 o? o0 o< o8 o3 oo6 Cer @#
Lgagdgsmhl tmgs fgvhs us tmh deths @# L H C F B Oo
@# Lgagdgsmhl P`bihs
Ig`k 2b
Ig`k 2o
\mh sbah `merl shquhd`h bs tmh ibst ig`k wgtm sbah `merl / s`bih
rhibtgedsmgps wgtmgd tmh ig`k. \mgs edh just mbs b lgcchrhdt hdlgdf evhr tmh
La7 `merl. \mh `eudt gd cer tmh siew vhrsged ec tmgs ig`k bise stbrts ed ohbt
2.
Ig`k ?
Cer ig`k ? wh mbvh b stbtg` @#lga `merl tmreufmeut se tmh ig`k ushs @#
Lgagdgsmhl s`bih bii tmh wby tmreufm wgtm gts
g ts aysthrgeus seudl. B trg`kghr
Ig`k 0
aerhbdl
se tmbd G ba
<. \mh ed tmh
`eudt hxbapih).
gd cer tmh siew\mgs ig`k ec
vhrsged ushs
tmgsdeths
ig`k crea
stbrts pbtthrds 0, ?, 2
ed ohbt 2.
(\mh rhbsed tmh igdk te tmh bulge & vglhe gs bt tmh ob`k gs se tmbt gt gs ediy
vghwboih te phepih wme mbvh oeufmt b `epy bdl te khhp tmh obdlwgltm
rhshrvhl cer yeu)
Bii ob`kgdf trb`ks wrgtthd usgdf Phssged Obdl oy XK Ausg` Bpps Itl.
G meph gt‗s
gt‗s det tee au`m b tbsk
Fhdugdh `usteahr rhvghws / rbtgdfs brh ecthd mhipcui out rbrhiy fgvhd.
0 Pmbph Crhtoebrl
Evhr ?>> aevboih smbphs obshl ed tmh @BFHL systha cer evhr 3> typhs ec
`merl