The history of cybersecurity is a long and winding one, dating back to the early days of computing.

Here are some of the key events that have shaped the field:

1970s: The first computer worms and viruses are created. The Creeper worm, written by Bob
Thomas, is one of the first examples of a self-replicating program. Ray Tomlinson, the inventor of
email, writes the Reaper program to delete Creeper.

1980s: The first commercial antivirus software is released. The first commercial antivirus programs,
Anti4us and Flushot Plus, are released. These programs help to protect computers from viruses and
other malware.

1990s: The internet becomes widely available to the public. The internet becomes widely available to
the public, creating new opportunities for cybercrime. Hackers begin to target businesses and
individuals, stealing data and launching attacks.

2000s: Cyberwarfare becomes a reality. Nation-states begin to engage in cyberwarfare, using attacks
to disrupt critical infrastructure and steal sensitive information. The Stuxnet worm, which is believed
to have been created by the US and Israel, is used to target Iran's nuclear program.

2010s: The rise of cybercrime. Cybercrime becomes a major problem, with criminals targeting
individuals and businesses with ransomware, phishing attacks, and other scams. The WannaCry
ransomware attack, which infected over 200,000 computers worldwide, is one of the most notable
examples of this.

2020s: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerates the digital transformation. The COVID-19 pandemic
forces many businesses and organizations to move their operations online, creating new
opportunities for cybercriminals. The SolarWinds hack, which is believed to have been carried out by
Russia, is one of the most significant cyberattacks of the decade.

The history of cybersecurity is one of constant evolution. As technology changes, so too do the
threats that we face. It is important to stay up-to-date on the latest cybersecurity threats and best
practices in order to protect ourselves and our organizations.

Here are some key facts about cybersecurity:

The global cost of cybercrime is estimated to be over $6 trillion per year.

The average cost of a data breach is $3.86 million.

Over 90% of cyberattacks are preventable.

The most common types of cyberattacks are phishing, ransomware, and malware.

Cybersecurity is a shared responsibility between individuals, organizations, and governments.

We can all play a role in protecting ourselves from cyberattacks. Here are some tips:

Use strong passwords and change them regularly.

Be careful about what information you share online.

Keep your software up to date.

Be wary of phishing emails and attachments.

Back up your data regularly.

Cybersecurity is a complex and ever-changing field. But by understanding the history of cybersecurity
and taking steps to protect ourselves, we can help to keep our data safe.

Measures and Technologies used for cyber security

Cybersecurity involves the protection of computer systems, networks, and data from various forms of
cyber threats and attacks. There are numerous measures and technologies used to enhance
cybersecurity. Here are some key ones:

1. **Firewalls**: Firewalls are network security devices that monitor and control incoming and
outgoing network traffic based on an organization's previously established security policies. They act
as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks (like the internet),
preventing unauthorized access and potential attacks.

2. **Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS)**: IDS and IPS are
technologies that monitor network traffic for suspicious activities or known attack patterns. IDS
detects potential threats, while IPS actively blocks or mitigates those threats in real-time.

3. **Antivirus and Antimalware Software**: These programs scan files, software, and emails for
malicious code, viruses, worms, trojans, and other forms of malware, aiming to prevent infections.

4. **Encryption**: Encryption is the process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized
access. It is used to protect sensitive information during storage, transmission, and processing.
Technologies like Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) provide encryption for
data in transit and at rest.

5. **Multi-factor Authentication (MFA)**: MFA adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to
provide multiple forms of identification before granting access to a system or account. This often
includes something the user knows (password), something the user has (smartphone), or something
the user is (fingerprint).
6. **Patch Management**: Regularly updating software and systems with the latest security patches
helps to close vulnerabilities that hackers could exploit. Unpatched systems are a common entry
point for cyberattacks.

7. **Security Awareness Training**: Educating employees and users about cybersecurity best
practices is crucial. Human error is a common factor in security breaches, so promoting good security
habits is essential.

8. **Network Segmentation**: Dividing a network into smaller segments or subnets limits the lateral
movement of attackers. Even if they breach one segment, they won't have easy access to the entire
network.

9. **Application Security**: This involves securing software applications against various threats and
vulnerabilities. Techniques like secure coding practices, regular code reviews, and penetration testing
are used to identify and rectify vulnerabilities.

10. **Penetration Testing**: Also known as ethical hacking, penetration testing involves authorized
security experts attempting to exploit vulnerabilities in a system to identify weaknesses before
malicious hackers can.

11. **Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)**: SIEM solutions collect, correlate, and
analyze log data from various sources to detect and respond to security incidents in real-time.

12. **Endpoint Protection**: Protecting individual devices (endpoints) like computers, smartphones,
and tablets from malware and other security threats using antivirus software, intrusion detection,
and other technologies.

13. **Mobile Device Management (MDM)**: For organizations, MDM solutions help manage and
secure mobile devices used by employees, enforcing security policies and managing access.

14. **Behavioral Analytics**: This technology monitors user and system behavior to detect
anomalies that could indicate a potential breach or unauthorized activity.

15. **Security Frameworks**: Frameworks like NIST Cybersecurity Framework, ISO 27001, and CIS
Critical Security Controls provide guidelines and best practices for organizations to establish effective
cybersecurity programs.
Remember that cybersecurity is an ongoing process that requires a combination of technology,
policies, and user awareness to effectively mitigate risks and respond to threats.

Blockchain Cybersecurity
Blockchain cyber security is one of the latest cyber security technologies
that’s gaining momentum and recognition. The blockchain technology
works on the basis of identification between the two transaction parties.
Similarly, blockchain cyber security works on the basis of blockchain
technology’s peer-to-peer network fundamentals.

Every member in a blockchain is responsible for verifying the authenticity

of the data added. Moreover, blockchains create a near-impenetrable
network for hackers and are our best bet at present to safeguard data from
a compromise. Therefore, the use of blockchain with Artificial Intelligence
can establish a robust verification system to keep potential cyber threats at
bay.