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    The document discusses universal values and whether certain values are considered universal. It provides examples of values discussed by Plato, Jesus Christ, and Confucius. The document also examines perspectives from Plato, Aristotle, and St. Thomas on whether universals exist apart from individuals or are abstracted from individuals. Additionally, it defines universal values as being immaterial, immutable, and transcending space and time. The document concludes by presenting empirical findings from D.R. Kent M. Keith identifying fundamental moral principles found across cultures, grouping them into negative statements of "Do Not" and positive statements of "Do Good".

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    The document discusses universal values and whether certain values are considered universal. It provides examples of values discussed by Plato, Jesus Christ, and Confucius. The document also examines perspectives from Plato, Aristotle, and St. Thomas on whether universals exist apart from individuals or are abstracted from individuals. Additionally, it defines universal values as being immaterial, immutable, and transcending space and time. The document concludes by presenting empirical findings from D.R. Kent M. Keith identifying fundamental moral principles found across cultures, grouping them into negative statements of "Do Not" and positive statements of "Do Good".

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    4 views2 pages

    Kaye Eeeeeeeeeeeeeee

    Uploaded by

    Khadija Omar
    The document discusses universal values and whether certain values are considered universal. It provides examples of values discussed by Plato, Jesus Christ, and Confucius. The document also examines perspectives from Plato, Aristotle, and St. Thomas on whether universals exist apart from individuals or are abstracted from individuals. Additionally, it defines universal values as being immaterial, immutable, and transcending space and time. The document concludes by presenting empirical findings from D.R. Kent M. Keith identifying fundamental moral principles found across cultures, grouping them into negative statements of "Do Not" and positive statements of "Do Good".

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    UNIVERSAL VALUES

    ‘’ A value is a universal if it is has the same on worth for all’’

    Plato – Talked about the values or virtues of temperance, courage and wisdom.
    Jesus Christ- Preached the value of love from which springs patience, kindness, goodwill,
    forgiveness, and compassion.
    Confucius- Taught righteousness, human-heartedness and filial piety.

    ARE NOT THESE UNIVERSAL VALUES, THAT IS, THEY REMAIN VALUES AT
    ALL TIMES AND IN ALL PLACES?
     Yes, Plato would say, they exist apart from the concrete world.
     Aristotle would say, they exist embodied in the concrete individual as common or
    essential characteristics.
     St. Thomas agreed with them, but the universals do not exist apart from the individual,
    they exist as universal features individuated, instantiated in the individuals.
     In other words, the universal are abstracted common features from individual.

    Universal Value
     Immaterial and immutable, beyond (transcedent) space and time, or spacio-temporal
    conditions.
     *Van Peursen, they are termed as "LOGICAL STRUCTURES" underlying the world and
    making the world possible.

    Moral Standard and values


     The values of honesty and respect for human life are characteristics individuated in all
    people who respect, do not harm, injure or kill, human beings.
     All standards and values implied in ten commandments can be reduced to the value or
    rule of love.

    D.R KENT M. KEITH (2003) IMPERICAL FINDINGS ON THE " UNIVERSAL


    VALUES"
    He came up with a list of fundamental or universal moral principles that can be found
    throughout the world. These are grouped into NEGATIVE and POSITIVE STATEMENTS as follows:
    DO NOT HARM – Do not do to others what you would not like them to do to you
    Do not lie. Do not steal. Do not cheat. Do not falsely accuse others. Do not commit adultery. Do
    not commit incest. Do not physically or verbally abuse others. Do not murder. Do not destroy
    the natural environment.
    DO GOOD – Do to others what you would like them to do to you.
    Be honest and fair. Be generous. Be faithful to your family and friends. Take care of your
    children when they are young. Take care of your parents when they are old. Take care of those
    who cannot take care of themselves. Be kind to strangers. Respect all life. Protect the natural
    environment upon which all life depends.

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