P @ porn tine. Aran al ona a-t Groph, a-t = teletty is the sl Ine. zs i pe ot i ; Us elect ar all poets, and, clivck_by -the— Ty bt ys umber of phe fr 4 i et We ae cameos. gectltion ene 2 ps le wee : a a eT pen gen ee Tor = ho he ney ho end eK Pandey a Tiel Lonph fond apes jc rr Sa a ) o ferecch egret + snipe sari Cen slepe, cane > noboutanans vel a OE) as © chore an _ajproptinde slr sok, we the arg sire ach i 8 sheth te. acy foreach, me inteval Sy gh Trak Condon. ae => fosizersto| [inet . Anstructaneons, eee > pnve . 0.0 Reading & Interpreting Position-Time Graphs gl This lesson will allow you to review, refresh and build upon the learning you did in grade 10 Science about position-time graphs. Position-time graphs track the location of an object, i's from place to place showing the reader not only where the direction its travelling. Consider the position-time (d-t) graph below, in the space on the right, list as many things as possible about how the object is moving over the 20 seconds shown. ition at each instant as it travels, jut how quickly its moving and abot wt rak = peste stays Sore stent. Chosen ve) u faslesl pond = 431 Nak 2 eben ds at nae 5 1 Set posed te ee tne 4 oaiod, Gr el espe cares tm Cones = sezebntovn & 4 ae beads CF 2 Hy shapes conse ep ze ‘The object’s position can be read offthe graph. desos=y2Sa de1sss= =3.omJ- iN Different kinds of motion are represented using diferent lines. 30m [feewside|] “Inclines~ lines that slope upwards (like A, D and H) show forwards motion ata constant speed; “Declines lines that slope downwards (like C and F) show backwards motion ata constant speed; ; ‘The steeper the slope, the faster the speed. Slope calculates the object's velocity, 7 Forwacle + a é us a Ri ER eo asebl 2p + be ole Ded] ‘Plateaus — horizontal lines (like B, E and G) show that the object has stopped moving; its position is not changing.in ice & Di nt: Recall that distance and displacement have different meanings in physics. da Distance (Ad) - a measure of how far an object has travelled (every step taken counts) regardless ofthe direction the objects is moved. : Displacement fd) measureshow far ° and in what direction the object has Ze ‘moved from its starting location, On this graph, the object starts atthe origin, is moved five times and at the 20.0s mari finds itself at +6.0 m, Distance x Fach slope represents a distance travelled and is found by taking the difference between [x[s the tart and end points. Direction is irelevant and ignored (uses absolute value bars) i an=[d2-Al= | Go-ean| ‘The total distance can be found by adding the distance from each travel ‘together. ‘Adv = |d2~ dl + [da~ da] + Jda— ds}+|ds~ ds] +]de— ds od 4a = Ield bes + [ail bal = 144 Sta}en dr = bbon Displacement Only the start and endpoint matter for displacement, whether you are looking ata specific time interval of forthe entire graph. Ba= dedi = t0m-9 2 +bomLp) ‘Average speed and average velocity can also be determined for position-time graphs using the total distance and total displacement respectively. e ‘Average speed Average velocity week: De tn bad barleel ers acs yi ae ks |Position-Time Graph Questions 1 i Use the d-t graph below to answer the following questions. [a[seBs ‘a. Briefly describe the motion Ly . ofthe object shown by this 4 p bors0.50m) graph. ria bode ae hie Pepe a Zz ee ge te ful, 25m badd, C108!79 horny AP Fm sac D meng ea al . Whats the position of tha, 4 tl (6) abjectat 60 seconds? ST" carpe) 108) ° H BBM LED tase 50m Ceol) c. Atwhat time will the object be 1.5nfbehind where it started? 4. Whats the object's total displacement? avd. A ads -2-0 L = LE) - 200m Lfomenl] or bods ce. Whats the total distance travelled? Hv 50 Leb dds Ws425445 = ir oriom £, Calculate the velocities for each of the labeled intervals. tee BL enki & of i J = S mfs Cel Tos Om, ee glzeok Cel <2 smb) Ves + O5mbe LAV on -acords [¢] g. Was the object ever accelerating? How can you tell? Moy the APLC was peter pwele ae di de e on the ih ne) ee Sea oy cares7 d-+ 0@ Accelerations Curves and Instantaneous Velocity on Position-Time Graphs This lesson will allow you to create and interpret graphs that represent real-world motion. Objects aren't able to instantly change their motion from a rest position to a constant speed or froma constant speed directly to another speed or stop- there will always be a period of acceleration where that object will increase or decrease its speed. Acceleration ona d-t graph is shown asa curve. s On this type of graph, a curve shows that the change in the object's position increases or decreases as time passes, This is different from a constant speed section where the object's displacement each second is the same, Consider the position-time (d-t) graph below, in the space on the right, list as many things as possible about how the object is moving over the 40 seconds shown, secre, Hatt He orion oo oto dhe. SEE prota she 90 ap to ub a Bee Then 10s 40 ibe ig SP. Yinle. the ths the AS MARS be not mas} den BEM 0 he. EH tes. 1, EE fone + eda nti TP Am, EE Al he canes, AE (0-Bs, ass | ft cen to ~ Game Yao. Pe che tie ore. canta abo) Divide this graph into sections that show different motion. Label each section and describe the motion being shown in the space below. Bf & PAP mg -pouards ra eal Se) op fonk (peal). oe: ety +4 MA a (aeel 2) t+ aaa foe (ome peak cage a fe beh D, slapd, Ah oe spat hacanel, , Laryene nce) Bese eM nbn gg 1 downs chan bekaack pote. et)' i lated using When the objectis traveling at constant veloc the velociycan be aes ; slopeoftheindne orden. (4, dee How can velocity be determined when it is changing a Instantaneous velocity (Tyg) canbe found using tangen instant you are considering, ‘Tangent lines are tLonly one instant. + straightlines that touch a curved section of the graph a ae x ‘+ They never cut through a curve and should not lean more one way than the o immediately adjacent tothe point of contact. ery instant while accelerating? ttlines drawn at the: specific that one ‘Think of the tangent line like taking a microscope to look at one point of a curve; point is magnified (blown up) and now looks like a straight line ~ a straight line we can take the slope oft! Let's try finding the instantaneous velocity at 20s. Draw a tangent line that will touch the graph at 20s. / ‘Mark 2 easily estimated points on this line and use them to calculate the slope of your tangent line. ‘This value will be the instantaneous velocity at 2.0s. Ca) H tae =di-di = 28 ce ae ee A fol tom oe et ee oak Eman] © Bott Skevet Reading & Interpreting Velocity-Time Graphs Just like position-time graphs, a great deal of information is found in a velocity-time graph. ‘The use of visual representation is an essential study in physics. You will now need to be careful when encountering a graph to check carefully which quantity is on the y-axis and which ison the x-axis. Use the following Velocity-Time Graph to begin making predictions about reading a 3 graph, Jot down velocities, times when velocity is zero, speeding up and slowing down sections and any other information you can find from the graph. [ocd s may ee ciel 4 1) TED eg ee bab In your table group, share your observations on the graph. Your group will share with the class atleast one fact from the graph, Write down the agreed upon information.5 "| eb 2 C 7 J-\| 0 e 4-tol_Lo Kip) te a th ' A choose 2a pueerntoon ts called et : al i f “ESS < tis) 34 hae Pearl Bj al a i = teh as] Vv@ ant lS | chee appro sae fo telaty er pl te panda | | conact, the cbts — {1 lems") 4 Beel comctand im ech er f [+b yet at ot at phair (452) as) 2 SashDi Tims ‘Avelocity-time graph has information on the displacement of an object, but this is not obvious, and you will need to do an area calculation to find the position of the object at the end of the time interval. Example: A bicycle is moving at 10.0 m/s forward for 10 seconds. v(ahs) Notice: Area=(jom J( [04 = Joo Ifthe velocity is not uniform, then the area calculation is based on the shape of the graph.Io) Physics 305 Average Velocity and Acceleration 1. Use the following velocity time graph of Mr. C’s trip on his summer holidays-via airplane (ew) woe [ 20 + - 200 ee aa > taste} A eee SS, 2) dbs overage wy rte fis 1 ous fil ques a probes a ofl. 2o1b-2b Das 2b (8) = BomLwd are od oe 1h? 8b mh Dw b) What is his instantaneous acceleration at 0.5 hours? we = Wh vb-as = Sabb bon h* [ol] ©) What is Mr. Lacko's average acceleration for the time interval from 0.6 h to 1.6 h? EB ielear oh pom a bre felacen th pork + dod he Sipe of tht Une, nee We tet = Dlalb Le)Ket ay-t Convert the following into a v-t. ‘Braph, Assume the object was initially at rest. acceleration (m/s"2) ei ms BENE) = a time (s) ao PBA) = (0 mh