DETAILED SYLLABUS

Course Code: Credits

PH-XXXX Optics 3-0-0: 3

Pre-Requisites: Basic Physics, Basics in optics

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student will be able to

CO1 Analyze the intensity variation of light due to polarization, interference and diffraction.
CO2 Analyze the optical applications using the concepts of interference, diffraction and
polarization.
CO3 Understand working principle of LASER and various types of Lasers.
CO4 Understand the concept of optical fiber, its construction and importance in
communication systems.
CO5 Apply the basics of laser mechanism and fiber optics for the communications systems.
CO6 Solve problems by selecting the appropriate equations and performing numerical or
analytical calculations.

Course Articulation Matrix:

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2

CO1 3 2 2 2 -
CO2 2 2 2 - -
CO3 2 2 2 - -
CO4 3 3 2 1 1
CO5 1 1 2 - -

1 - Slightly; 2 - Moderately; 3 – Substantially

Syllabus:

Unit-1
Interference
Division of amplitude and wavefront; Phase change on reflection: Stokes’ treatment; Interference
in Thin Films: parallel and wedge-shaped films; Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes);
Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes); Michelson Interferometer Application; Fabry-Perot
interferometer.

Unit-2
Diffraction
Kirchhoff’s Integral Theorem; Fresnel-Kirchhoff’s Integral formula and its application to rectangular
slit; Single slit; Circular aperture; Resolving Power of a telescope; Double slit; Multiple slits;
Diffraction grating; Resolving power of grating; Zone plate; comparison between zone plate and
converging lens.

Unit-3
Polarization
Polarization of light; Malus law; polarization by reflection; Brewster's law; Analysis of linearly and
circularly polarized light; Polarization by double refraction and Huygen’s theory; Nicol prism, Half
wave and Quarter wave plates; Optical activity and Fresnel’s theory; Biquartz polarimeter.

Unit-4
Lasers
Interaction of light with matter; Characteristics of laser; Spontaneous and Stimulated emissions of
radiation; Einstein’s coefficients; Population inversion; Lasing action; Pumping mechanisms; Ruby
laser; He-Ne laser; Applications of lasers.

Unit-5
Fibre optics
Introduction; Principle of optical fiber; Acceptance Angle; Numerical Aperture; Classification of
optical fibers based on refractive index profile and modes; Propagation of electromagnetic wave
through optical fibers; Applications; Merits of optical fibres.

Text Books:
1. Optics, Ajoy Ghatak, 2008, Tata McGraw Hill
2. Fundamentals of Optics, F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White, 1981, McGraw-Hill •
3. Principles of Optics, Max Born and Emil Wolf, 7th Edn., 1999, Pergamon Press.
4. Optics, Hechst, Pearson Education; 4 edition (2008)
5. Engineering Physics – Dr. M.N. Avadhanulu & Dr. P.G. Kshirsagar, and S. Chand Company

Reference Books:
1. Optics - Hecht and Zajak; Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
2. Introduction to Modern Optics, G.R.Fowles, Dover Publications (1989)
3. Fundamentals of Photonics, Bahaa E . A. Saleh and Malvin Carl Teich , Wiley-
Interscience; 2 edition (2007)
4. Engineering Physics by V. Rajendran, Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

Online Resources:

1.
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/122/107/122107035/

2. https://isaacphysics.org/concepts/cp_diffraction
3. https://youtu.be/py3InCNED8o
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TRdOjVpm-0
5.https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=PK4yFaGHSFc&list=PLU0oJASIjGxdZMtypwhvGrnmuzNnNdcKt
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9seDKvbaoHU