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bones which gives it a diamond shape, and 3. Top of pinna on or above line drawn from
normally closes at 12 to 18 months of age. outer canthus of eye
B. The posterior fontanelle is located at 4. The newborn’s external ear is not yet fully
the junction of the parietal bones and formed, and the top part of the external ear
the occipital
should be on a line drawn from the inner
Bone and is triangular in shape and close at the canthus to the outer canthus of the eye and
end of the second month. back
Molding is asymmetry of the head resulting across the side of the head.
from pressure in the birth canal; molding
5. Low-set ears associated with Down
disappears
syndrome, renal anomalies, or other genetic or
in about 72 hours
chromosomal syndromes
Masses from birth trauma
Nose
a. Caput succedaneum is edema of the soft
1. Flat, broad, in center of face
tissue over bone (crosses over suture line); it
2. Obligatory nose breathing
subsides within a few days.
3. Occasional sneezing to remove obstructions
4. Nares are patent and should not flare (flaring Skin
is an indication of respiratory distress).
Vernix caseosa, a cheesy white substance
5. The newborn’s nose tends to look large for
Lanugo, fine body hair
the face but the rest of the face will grow more
Milia, small white sebaceous glands, appear on
than the nose does.
the forehead, nose, and chin
Mouth
Acrocyanosis (peripheral cyanosis of hands and
1. Pink, moist gums feet)
2. Soft and hard palates intact Harlequin sign or when a newborn who is lying
on his or her side appears red on the dependent
3. Epstein’s pearls (small, white cysts) may be
side and pale on the upper side does not have a
present on hard palate.
clinical significance
4. Uvula in midline
Hemangiomas are vascular tumors of the skin
5. Freely moving tongue, symmetrical, has short
Nevus flammeus are muscular purple or dark
frenulum
red lesion. Generally, appear on the face and
6. Sucking and crying movements symmetrical thighs
11 newborn reflexes: