Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Substantial Scientific Collaboration of Ocean and earth science between Myanmar and China 1

The Country's Most Productive Fields Trend, Between 22˚ N And 19˚ N Cross Highs,
East of Salin Sub-Basin

Sai Naing Lin Aung*1, Win Maw2

Abstract
The northern 22˚ latitude cross high is well prominent by Eocene Tabyin core along
easterly thrusted Mahudaung trend, suddenly bent after Padaukkon plunge, downthrown by
cross faults and the steep plunge ended at Myaing fold. Bouguer gravity with seismic profiles
fence diagrams described the vast drop-down of the whole Shinmataung footwall block by a
series of cross faults to the north. Seismic profiles expressed Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments
truncated over Eocene onlapping wedge against stepping extensional faulting. The whole uplift
region from Poppa to Shinmataung blocks is indicated by the broad high of the Bouguer
anomaly, the long culmination high as a ridge trend of the volcanic arc. Primary rifting may
start as early as Oligocene and followed persistently through the four major tectonic uplifting
events of early Miocene, Middle Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene, giving enough ample time
for migration and trapping of petroleum finally into every compartmentalized block of the oil
field belt. Not only the outward stress coming from the Bago Yoma uplifting, but also the
subsidence stress, compressional force may act outwards from the axis of depocenter of Salin
trough can aid in thrusting, and decoupling of beds and consequently into strike slipping and
fold propagation. An oblique valley exists between the Poppa volcanic high and 19˚ N volcanic
high but the surface Pleistocene alluvium running closer to Bago Yoma folding. The entire high
is compared similar in size to Poppa-Shinmataung culmination and also possibly to the same
volcanic rock density contrast at depth.
Key words: 22˚N and 19˚N cross highs; Bouguer map; Rifting; Salin sub-basin

Introduction
Salin sub-basin is the extended graben
trough of Chindwin and the extent of equivalent age
sedimentation reach over the entire Central Basin
(CB) (Figure 1). It is the largest region of the
western Rakhine shelf until to dextral Sagaing fault
trend. Beyond the Sagaing fault, the eastern
foothills of Shan Plateau are outcropped by
metamorphic belts that extend from Mogok to
Martaban Bay (Searle et al., 2007). Considering the
Salin trough as a pull-apart fore arc belt from the
earlier time of Eocene, the Central basin as part of
the Burma plate moved northward relative to the
Asia plate (Tankard et al., 1994; Rangin et al., 1999).
Bago Yoma folding with the Central volcanic line
(CVL) forming as a back-arc line concerning the
subduction (Bender, 1983).
1 activity with volcanic uplift. The surface geological
Department of Geology, University of Yangon,
Ministry of Education, Myanmar
2 lines observation, the interpretation is given all
Part-time Lecturer, Yangon, and East Yangon
Universities, Yangon, Myanmar
Primary rifting was associated initially
during the Oligocene time and followed persistently
through the four major events of early Miocene,
Middle Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene,
resulting in migration and trapping of petroleum
mostly into the oil field belt. Surface geological map
superimposed with regional gravity anomaly maps
and observing every available length of seismic
profiles, different regional components can be
identified. 1940 Pendulum measurements by BOC
all over the country navigable places can be useful
for advanced knowledge of deeper crustal thickness
quantitative analysis (Win Maw, 2017).
Regionally, three NS regional trends of
Taungtha, Nawadat, and Kywegan occupying the
Sagaing fault trend in the east (Figure 3). Taungtha
NNW trends slightly curving west due to contact
mapping as well as the multi coverage 2D seismic
evidence of wrenching, rifting, and propagated
folding. The eastern three ridges trend followed a
2 Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Substantial Scientific Collaboration of Ocean and earth science between Myanmar and China

perfect NS direction. The easternmost Kywegan elongated depression syncline is accompanying on

trend was exposed by the oldest Oligocene core at both flanks. Sagaing fault as a sharp gradient trend
its culmination. Taunbogyi volcanic activity in the precisely trending towards the metamorphic hills
southern higher position is shown with much ranges of Sagaing (Hla Hla Aung, 2013).
shearing core, which may induce a slight
metamorphic effect until towards Meiktila fold trend
in extension. As a characteristic of rifting a large

Thanbaya

Bahin

Letpando

COLOR LEGEND FOR WESTERN OUTCROP REGION

Ts A 1980 Central Burma Basin geological map

KABAW

Figure (1) Oil field belt on the generalized geological map of Central Burma, Myanmar (source from MOGE)
Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Substantial Scientific Collaboration of Ocean and earth science between Myanmar and China 3

Figure 2. Seismic profiles fence diagram on 22degreesN high

PADAUKKON
Elevation rise to 800-1000m

Extension fault aliigned to

Myauknon,Medin volcanic
intrusion trends

Mio-Oligocene Wedge
underlying Ayerwaddy

Index map seismic

Lines position

Figure (2) Fence diagram of transverse and longitudinal seismic profiles with tectonic and stratigraphic
interpretation in 22˚ N cross high showing the stratigraphy pattern of the basin

have been particularly active from Cretaceous time.

Geological Background The high eustatic sea level would provide a late
Mesozoic-Paleogene accretionary wedge fill in
Salin sub-basin infilled with at least 15 Km
Rakhine deep trench. The outcrops uplifted and
of Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic marine and non-
thrusted line exposing bathyal clays associated with
marine sediments (Pivnik et al., 1998). The entire
Globotruncana Orbitolina faunas. An exploratory
depth of succession comprises both transgressive
outstep well drilled in Sabade, the northernmost
marine and regressive fluviatile conditions with a
ridge trend of Shinmataung met with the Cretaceous
general north-south slope during the Eocene and
limestone basement.
Early part of the Oligocene time (Kyi Maung, 1970).
Crustal rifting, extension, and subsidence appear to Regional transgression during Late Eocene
time was due to the subsidence of the basin while
4 Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Substantial Scientific Collaboration of Ocean and earth science between Myanmar and China
Rakhine (formerly in colonial time as Arakan) uplift
is in progress. The phase was followed by the
transgression of the sea from the south during which
the Eocene sediment was deposited. At the end of
the Eocene, again the area was slowly uplifted and
folding took place like Ngahlaingdwin and Patolon
structural trends (see in Figure 1). With the uplift
continued regression of the area took place and
Oligocene sediment was deposited. Uplift of the
landmass probably took place at the end of the
middle Miocene time (Table 1) (Tin Tun Aung,
1977).
Hutchinson, 1986 mentioned that there was
a progressive transgression from Late Oligocene
onwards, with a sea-level rising to about 220 m
above the present-day level in the Middle Miocene
(13 Ma). This transgression is detected in all
southeast Asian basins and they achieved maximum
marine character in Middle Miocene times. Middle
to upper Miocene time sea level was 220m above
present sea level, at which time Bago Yoma volcanic
line is uplifted and attained a large landmass. The
Middle and Late Miocene regression is clearly seen
in all SE Asian basins as unconformities and a
general regressive cycle containing sub-cycles. At
the Miocene-Pliocene boundary (5.2 Ma) there were
spectacular worldwide sea-level changes to about
140 m above.
Clastic rocks of Eocene sediments (Tilin,
Tabyin, Pondaung & Yaw formations) and
Oligocene sediments of (Padaung & Okhmintaung
formations) became the dominant source rocks for
Tertiary oil due to the presence of organic-rich
mudstone, carbonaceous shale, and oil shale.
Sandstone and sand bodies of various sizes in Upper
Eocene (Pondaung & Yaw formations), Oligocene
(Shwezetaw, Padaung & Okhmintaung formations)
to Miocene (Pyaybwe & Kyaukkok formations) tend
to form oil reservoirs (Than Htut, 2017).
Generalized the petroleum oil field reservoir
formations, lithology, and sequence stratigraphy in
association with Vail et al., 1977 global sea-level
curve are shown in the following Table 1.
Gravity Anomaly Interpretation
The complete Bouguer gravity anomaly
map of the oil field belt in contact with the two
volcanic uplifted 22˚ N and 19˚ N cross highs are in
Figure 3. The volcanic culmination ridges wholly
represent the northward direction to the Kanni
volcanic (Myauknon) trend. To eastward
perpendicular direction is Salingyi intrusive trend
present (Figure 5). The anomaly branch curving to
form a large lagoonal trough, in seismic fence
diagram the northern line 90-10 in Figure 2,
however, showing a very different configuration of
drastic drop down by Shinmataung footwall block,
exposing thick Plio-Pleistocene succession
overlying on top and truncated onlapping Eocene
Yaw wedge against the extensional faulted block.
These extensional fault steps coincide with the
gravity culmination axis. One of the regional lines
across the Myaing area confirmed the thrusted
syncline on top of Shinmataung footwall (Figure 6)
seismic profile 90-10 indicates the presence of
Shinmataung block steep slope under thrusted by
Eocene Yaw (Figure 3). The significant thrust line
from Mahudaung to the Myaing fold truly represents
the regional upthrusted against Shinmataung crustal
block as seen in Figure 6. The syncline at major
thrusting existing footwall block of Yenangyat. The
depression associated with this syncline may form
before Yenanyat fold thrusting. The entire bay may
link to the passage-connected way to reach the
lagoonal trough of Salingyi or Taungtha including
the Tuyintaung area (Figure 5). Both Chauk-
Yenangyat sub-thrust commercial gas reserve and
Tuyintaung's tar-like oil occurrence in exploratory
wells may link that source deposits.
The volcanic activity reached to
exploratory Nawadat drilled area, where the well
met with poorly permeable fracture dry gas reservoir
upper Shwezettaw at 7900 ft, the high heat flow of
Zeolite cementing, typical in the volcanic region.
Part of the magnetic anomalies detected on this
Taungtha and Nawadat survey area tell us that these
particular ridge propagation activities involved
occasional volcanic activity (Figure 5). The last rift
trend before the Metamorphic belt ends up with the
large splatted elongated, Pyinzi with another
syncline separated by the linear gradient of Sagaing
fault trend in between.
The Shinmataung culmination ridge trend
continuing to south into BagoYoma volcanic arc.
The western ridge of Yedwet also running parallel
to the Bago Yoma end. Poppa extinct volcano
standing between the two main trends. The thrusted
fold line of strike slipping regional line standing the
edge of gradient rise. The trend following the edge
of Myaing, Tuyintaung, Gwegyo, Payagyigon, and
Nyaunggon, and Ngashandaung, until to
southernmost Yedwet structure. Along this strike
Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Substantial Scientific Collaboration of Ocean and earth science between Myanmar and China
slipping folds are only drilled shows with some
incipient fault traps. The western 5km wide,
midway step position of the oil belt by faulted,
thrusted, and propagated by strike-slip folds can
contribute to holding the country's requirement by
four to five decades.
Figure (3) Complete Bouguer gravity anomaly map
of the study area. Symbols in the Bouguer gravity
map are as location points follow: 1: Tagaing-
Chaungtha; 2: Kanni; 3: Htaukshabin-Mann; 4:
Yenangyaung; 5: Chauk-Lanywa; 6: Yenangyat; 7:
Letpanto; 8: Kyaukkwet-Myaing and 9:
Paddaukkon fold at Mahudaung thrust
Gravity Data and Constraints
Regional-Residual Separation
The area is dominant with N-S gravity
anomaly (Figure 3) features. The basinal feature of
thick sedimentation is recognized. Large oval-
shaped depression or wide depression of graben
appearance exist in Salin-Chindwin synclinal
depression and the northern plunge of Bago-Yoma
hills gradually deepening to Shwebo basin. The
5
prospective anomalous fold is mostly inconspicuous
among smaller scale and within the high gradient
contour map unless the survey data have a more
detailed grid interval of recording. Thus, to know the
extent of fold size and the cross faults position, the
scale contour of the gravity anomaly map is
enlarged, and to filter for residual separation or to
get derivatives or the gradient values, maps are
constructed manually in tedious ways. Presently the
desktop computation software are available and can
be prepared within several hours. The interpreted
anomaly can be obtained within a short turnaround
time.
Residual Letpando on the large fold of
Padaukkon cannot be seen unless by some suitable
residual separation method of computation. NNW
axial fold trend of Yenangyaung is slightly inclined
against background high gradient anomalies. The
southern plunge contour closure anomaly appears
obliquely. The effect however indicating
Minlindaung cross fault presence with Bago Yoma
higher basement rising in that vicinity. Wider 2D
survey 15-fold coverage seismic line also shows
poor data without any reflectors supporting the fact.
The southern seismic profiles showing the offset
position of producing Nyaungdo wells at the eastern
flank better reflection position. Htaukshabin's
second vertical derivative map coincides with the
precise position of the drilled wells limit.
(Htaukshabin, Yethaya, and Kanni) Tontaung
crosses fault and thrusted fold axis only for
verification at a field decline stage.
Oil Field Belt Between 22˚ N and 19˚ N
Cross Highs
Current commercial production of oil fields
in Salin sub-basin is Letpando, Yenangyat (major
domes are Payani, Yenangyat, Pauktaw, and Sabe,
Thagyitaung in the north of Sabe), Chauk,
Yenangyaung, Mann, Htaukshabin and Kanni
for
(Figure 1). Commercial production is from Miocene
and Oligocene sands of the Kyaukkok, Pyawbwe,
and Padaung Formation although oil migration
presence was also detected in the adjacent basins by
some exploratory wells. From selected seismic
profiles, based on tectonic evolution inferred from
geologic data, the stratigraphic sequence boundaries
(SB) correlation carried over to the current working
of every field's reservoir beds. Thoroughly studied
6 Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Substantial Scientific Collaboration of Ocean and earth science between Myanmar and China

by biostratigraphic as well as lithological sequences Seismic profiles showing flower structures with the
in all the potential fields consist of Kyaukkok (KK), movement of the branched fault (Figure 7).
Pyawbwe (PY), Okhmintaung (OK), Padaung (PA),
The nature of the structure and the
Shwezettaw (SH), Yaw (YA), and Pondaung (PO)
abundance of fault make the occurrence of large
(Figure 4). The Oligocene-Miocene Beds are the
accumulations of hydrocarbons unlikely except
main producers in the Yenangyat-Chauk,
perhaps at relatively great depths. Therefore,
Yenangyaung, and Minbu anticlines. The Early
whatever oil/gas accumulations discovered at
Oligocene Shwezetaw Formation is continental over
shallow depths in the structural/stratigraphic traps
most of the region and is suitable as a reservoir rock.
will not be large and this is evidenced by the source
Although the Middle Oligocene Padaung Formation
rock exist in both the Eocene and Miocene with
is dominantly argillaceous the percentages of
argillaceous formations like the Tabyin, Tiyo, and
arenaceous matter in it increase and eastward so that
Pyawbwe which are deposited under marine
it contains both source and reservoir rocks (Khin,
conditions acting as source rocks, suitable reservoir
1991). Table 2 shows the production reserve of the
rocks are few in the Eocene sequence, being mostly
oil field belt in the Salin sub-basin. Htaukshabin
fine-grained and argillaceous expect for the lower
dextral folding recognize on the far northern Mann
part of the Pondaung Formation. Miocene
plunge. After residual gravity separation cross faults
arenaceous rocks are generally more favorable as
can only be seen in Htaukshabin-Peppi upright
reservoir rocks.
thrusted contained with rift core configuration.

Table (1) Generalized the Petroleum Reservoir Formations and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Typical Section of
Salin Sub-Basin. The Section is a Composite of The Paleo Column After Vail et al. (1977)
Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Substantial Scientific Collaboration of Ocean and earth science between Myanmar and China 7

In general, the basin of deposition becomes
deeper towards the east and south of the Thayetmyo
area and therefore the sandstone in these parts is
usually finer-grained and more argillaceous. Thus,
the structures on the north-western margin of the
area are better placed than those in the south and
east.
Miocene reservoirs trapping in
Yenangyaung Oil field by sinistral faults (alpha,
beta, gamma). Miocene valley exposure indicates
the direction of divergent flows on both flanks of
Minlindaung EW traverse ridge, down to Magwe
NE region. In the Yenangyaung oil field, oils are
explored from early and middle Miocene reservoirs
rock.
Lepanto fold may cover with Eocene
sediment and the source for oil are flows expected to
come from Padaung or Yaw formation below and
entrapped within compartmentalized cross faults.
Eocene reservoirs have been found in the northern
part of the Letpando and Kyaukkwet oil fields.

Figure (4) Fence diagram of transverse and longitudinal seismic profiles with tectonic and stratigraphic
interpretation in the Salin east sub-basin showing the stratigraphy pattern of the basin
8 Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Substantial Scientific Collaboration of Ocean and earth science between Myanmar and China

Figure 5
Line position Index
Salingyi N-S line

Base Ayerw 0.48 2000 ft

ad dy Time depth function

Base Miocene ? 1.56 9000 ft

2.5 16000ft

Nawadat E-W line

0.48 2000 ft
addy
Base Ayerw

1.56 9000 ft
Base Miocene ?

2.5 16000ft
Base Oligocene ?

Pagan-Taungtha-Natogyi line

0.48 2000 ft

M-Miocene ?
1.56 9000 ft
L-Miocen
e ?
2.5 16000ft

Base
Oligoc
ene ?

Figure (5) Seismic regional geologic sections along the Salingyi, Nawadat, and Taungtha seismic profiles
Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Substantial Scientific Collaboration of Ocean and earth science between Myanmar and China 9

Table (2) The Production History of Oil Fields in Salin Sub-Basin

OIIP (MMBL) GIIP (Bcf) Formation wise hydrocarbon distribution of the field
Total Net
Discovery Recovery
Oil Fields Sands Pay sand
(Year) Cummutative Cummutative (%)
(ft) Reserve Reserve Kyaukkok Pyawbwe Okhmintaung Padaung Shwezetaw Pondaung
Production Production

Letpando 1974 76.8 2 0.4

0.28 1.42
Kyaukkwet 1995 41 0.28

Thagyitaung 2001 130 1.1 1.1

Sabe+ 16Bcf
PreWar 32 8 1.21
Yenangyat (1963-1983)
Chauk+
1901 10 410 400 154 37 147.37
Lanywa

Yenangyaung 1887 28 901 561 200 115 39 41 29.97 74.12 89.14 30.76

Mann 1970 25 535 689 111 25 13.99 32.72 39.34 20.28

Htaukshapin +
1978 27 1250 713 21 13 17.88 0.82 1.14 0.13
Yethaya
Kanni + Kanni 49,
1985 12 550 56 12 6.09 0.01
Peppi Peppi 88
MMBL-million barrels, Bcf-Billion cubic feet, OIIP-oil initially in place,
Total MMBL 63.93 107.67 129.62 200.17 1.49 1.42
GIIP-gas initially in place
10 Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Substantial Scientific Collaboration of Ocean and earth science between Myanmar and China
Figure (6) Seismic regional geologic sections along the Yenangyaung, Yenangyat, and Kyaukkwet seismic
profile
The Major Oil and Gas Producing
Structures in Oil Belt
Letpando-Kyaukkwet-Myaing: The whole
area is intensely run by 2D multi coverage seismic.
Most of the productive paying reservoirs coming
down as alluvial fans flowing down from Mahudaung
plunge flanks. Discoveries on these exceptional
deposition reservoirs are commonly associated with
high pressures and characteristic log motif. 2D high
coverage seismic lines showing in some parts of
compartmentalized valley associated with DHI (direct
hydrocarbon indications). MOGE is currently running
with 3D acquisition applied technique with their own
crews and is expected to come out with the best paying
results. Various residual gravity separation techniques
should plan together in some of the fairway valley
sites for prograding fans of both Oligocene and
Eocene deposits.
Yenangyat-Lanywa-Chauk: Propagation
folding has formed into different domal structures
(major domes are Payani, Yenangyat, Pauktaw,
and Sabe. Thagyitaung in the north of Sabe) with
oblique fault system of faults. Gravity anomalies
divided at highest of Yenangyat thrusting area
oblique fault trend. Seismic profiles change the
thrust inclination drastically with the appearance
of sub thrust Ayerwaddy synclinal trough. Various
local domes and cross faults would imply for
trapping of commercial gas and Thargyitaung
Oligocene discovery by MOGE could give us the
valuable lesson that we do not have enough
understanding of northern plunge and west flank
faulting configuration for the whole of Yenangyat
structure. In the past historic eras, a significant
cross fault accumulation by inventive incline
drillings and the considerable reserve discovery of
Moolla fault at Yenangyat southernmost end
Chauk in 1902 was by geologic aerial photo
interpretation.
Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Substantial Scientific Collaboration of Ocean and earth science between Myanmar and China
Yenangyaung: Chauk thrust line fault
extended from Yenangyaung fold east flank. North of
North fault the axis is asymmetrically verging west
with several sinistral faults (alpha, Beta, Gamma)
detection on the east flank during drilling operations.
This progradation flow of source-rich sediment may
come down the syncline valley from Miocene
onlapping window across the Yedwet fold axis. A
considerable reserve of Mio-Oligocene reserve is
extracted. We can expect divergent flows also along
the valley of Taungdwingyi. at southernmost
Yenangyaung plunging site, NE of Magwe. The
archive analog seismic contour and the low fold
regional digital seismic lines only showing feeble
development of prograding flows. One of the
projected Pado longitudinal lines touching partly from
south expressed amplitude association at plunge fault
end. That particular area should be resurveyed with
multi-coverage seismic lines. Ondwe structure stands
on higher exposed rifted tectonic of Bago Yoma style
folding and the isolated anomaly plug is underlying
density contrast effect.
Mann-Htaukshabin-Yethaya-Kanni:
Htaukshabin-Mann-Peppi to Tagaing-Chaungtha
Figure (7) Regional seismic line (a) Htaukshabin lines 92 HS 4; (b) 92KNP 5+87K-35R, (c) Mann-Htaukshabin-
Peppi fault system and (d) Ngape-Meiktila regional line 1
11
region is documented with excellent geologic
mapping and extensive multi coverage 2D seismic
lines coverage. 3D seismic was run on the Mann
field region. With evidence of high-pressure gas
blowing from the test well, the flat topography of
the Minbu plunge was intentionally avoided for
the contracted gravity survey. MOGE in its
infancy days, the start of for low sixes fold analog
survey together with gravity survey and paid off
by field discovery. The field structure showing a
propagating fold system starting from the south as
rifted deep core area changes northerly plunging
and thrusting dextrally. The eastern crustal slope
at Kyauko fault position and overturned beds
south of Htaukshabin and to the south merging
beds of vertical and the end of Peppi fold with
deep rift faulting. Peppi fold is offset from
hydrocarbon habitat trends of Tagaing-Chaungtha
by transform faulting. Gravity residual after
derivative construction given the image of
Yethaya to Kanni continental block orientation.
The seismic profiles DHI bearing horizontal
layering with subtle folding and Peppi rift fault
from a faraway distance as Sinmataung rift thrust
effecting continued towards Kanni field direction.
12 Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Substantial Scientific Collaboration of Ocean and earth science between Myanmar and China

their disparate tectonic origins and

Conclusions eustatic stratigraphic similarities",
This review is based on all available Geological Society of Malaysia Bulletin
geological maps, fence diagrams constructed with 19, P 109-22.
selected seismic profiles. All the 2D seismic lines with D. A., Pivnik, J., Nahm, R. S., Tucker, G. O.,
various fold coverage, processing and Bouguer Smith, K., Nyein, M. Nyun, and P. H.,
anomalies, residual or second vertical derivative Maung, (1998) "Polyphase deformation
contour maps, and lastly topographic maps are used in in a fore-arc/back-arc basin, Salin Sub-
this study. The oil belt rift trend standing on the 5 km basin, Myanmar (Burma)". Bulletin of
wide step between volcanic uplift block the step was the American Association of Petroleum
falling by extensional fault. Then from Oligocene Geologists 82, P 1837–1856.
time are rifting and strike slipping taken place,
progressively with propagated folding, thrusting, and Friedrich Bender; "Geology of Burma". a.,
finally compartmentalized faulting for final Bannert, Dietrich, Jörn Brinckmann
accumulation in a series of fields belt. The longest u.,1983.
(about 200 km or 125 miles) strike-slip zone is Hla Hla Aung, "Tectonic style and deformation
actually the contact slope of continental crust or Bago- pattern of terranes in Myanmar",2013.
Yoma-Shinmataung volcanic uplift block with the
transgressive-regressive open shelf line of Chindwin- Khin J.A. (1991) "Hydrocarbon-Producing
Salin graben. Practically on uplifted east block Formations of Salin, Irrawaddy and
hydrocarbon source are not so hopeful as a few Martaban Basins, Myanmar (Burma)",
exploratory wells on rift ridges are only tested with SPE 22972 Society of Petroleum
drill shows only and the large trough of enclosed Engineers. AP Energy Business
lagoonal depression remain unsurveyed by any of the Publications Pte. Ltd.
geology/geophysical methods. Maung K. (1970) "Biostratigraphy of the Central
Burma Basin with special reference to
Acknowledgments the depositional conditions during Late
Oligocene and Early Miocene times",
The authors would like to thank Myanma Oil
Union of Bur. J. Sci. Tech. 3, 1: P 75-90.
and Gas Enterprise (MOGE), Ministry of Electricity
and Energy in Myanmar for supplying us with the Searle M.P., Noble S.R, Cottle J.M., Waters D.J.,
required data and samples for this study. We thank Mitchell A. H. G., Hlaing T., and
heartily all reviewers from our closest academic Horstwood M. S. A. (2017) "Tectonic
circles for giving to us every valuable suggestion evolution of the Mogok metamorphic
during the preparation of this manuscript. belt, Burma (Myanmar) constrained by
U-Th-Pb dating of metamorphic and
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