DATE MAJOR DISCOVERIES DISCOVERER

1600 Earth’s magnetic field- The William Gilbert

Earth functions as a large
magnet, aligning the small
magnet used as a compass
needle with its field.
1609 Kepler’s Law of Planetary Johannes Kepler
Motion- Using the precise
data that Tycho had
collected, Kepler
discovered that the orbit of
Mars was an ellipse. In
1609 he published
Astronomia Nova,
delineating his discoveries,
which are now called
Kepler's first two laws of
planetary motion.
1637 The Scientific Method- A Rene Descartes
researcher creates theory,
tests it using various
methods, and then revises
it based on the results of
the tests and experiments.
1643 The Mercury Barometer- Evangelista Torricelli
device for measuring air
pressure at a specific spot.
1666 Law of Gravity- considered Sir Isaac Newton
as the beginning of modern
astronomy.
1675 Microscopic Organism- He Anton van Leeuwenhoek
most likely saw protozoa
for the first time, followed
by bacteria few yeatrs later.
He was able to isolate
those “extremelt little
animalcules” from several
sources.
1676 The Speed of Light- Romer Ole Romer
was the first to record
eclipses of Jupiter’s moon
lo to determine the speed
of light.
November 4,1745 The Leyden Jar- It was the Ewald Jurgen Georg von
first device that could store Kleist
large amounts of electric
 charge
March 20, 1800 The Electric Battery- Volta Alessandro Volta
stacked alternating zinc
and silver discs separated
by brine-soaked linen in a
haphazard manner.He
constructed the pile, which
included up to thirty disks,
in the shape of a torpedo
fish’s electric organ.
October 16, 1846 Anesthesia- During William Morton
medical treatment, these
medicines prevent you from
feeling pain. Morton was
the first person to
successfully demonstrate
ether anesthesia during the
surgery in public. He is
credited with getting
surgical anesthetic
acceptance in the medical
community.
1869 The Periodic Table- Dmitri Mendeleev
Mendeleev scribbled the
chemical elements’
symbols, arranged them
according to their atomic
weights, and created the
periodic table.
November 8, 1895 X-rays- When the Rontgen Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen
was examining if cathode
rays could travel through
glass in his lab, he saw a
glow coming from a nearby
chemically coated screen.
Because of their unknown
nature, he called the rays
that generated the
illumination X-rays. It is a
huge scientific
breakthrough that by
making the unseen visible,
would assist a variety of
professions, most notably
medicine.
1898 Radium and Polonium- In Marie and Pierre Curie
 the investigation of
pitchblende, Curies
discovered the elements
radium and polonium. Both
elements are radioactive
but offer benefits. For
instance, radium rays were
utilized too treat a variety of
ailments including lupus,
cancer and neurological
disorders.
1913 The Atomic Number- Henry Moseley
Moseley used x-rays to
discover the atomic number
orbit a potential well
created by the nucleus.
The orbits form a
succession of increasing
energy shells. The most
stable nuclei have entirely
filled outer shells.
1915 General Theory of Albert Einstein
Relativity- The basic idea is
that instead of being an
invisible force that attracts
objects to one another,
gravity is a curving or
warping of space. The
more massive an object,
the more it warps the space
around it.
1916 The first Gravitational Albert Einstein
Waves- Albert Einstein
suggested that gravitational
waves could be a natural
outcome of his general
theory of relativity, which
says that very massive
objects distort the fabric of
time and space—an effect
we perceive as gravity.
1927 The Big Bang Theory- It is Georges Lematre
the idea that the universe
began as just a single
point, then expanded and
stretched to grow as large
 as it is right now—and it is
still stretching.
1928 First antibiotic, Penicillin- Alexander Fleming
This discovery led to the
introduction of antibiotics
that greatly reduced the
number of deaths from
infection.
February 28, 1953 Double-helix structure of James Watson (United
DNA- marked a milestone States) and Francis
in the history of science Crick(England)
and gave rise to modern
molecular biology, which is
largely concerned with
understanding how genes
control the chemical
processes within cells. In
short order, their discovery
yielded ground-breaking
insights into the genetic
code and protein synthesis.
1967 Anti-cancer Agents- Wright Jane Cooke Wright
studied the association
between patient and tissue
culture response and
devised new cancer
treatment delivery
methods. Hundreds of
medications were
examined for their ability to
eradicate human cancers,
and researchers studied
how these drugs could be
tested in cell culture. Her
work transformed cancer
research and how doctors
treat cancer patients.

A. Darwin’s Contribution to modern science was his Theory of Evolution by means of

natural selection. There are fundamental components of his theory of Evolution:
 Variation happened randomly among members of a species
 An individual’s features could be inherited by its progeny
 Only those with advantageous traits would survive in the battle for life
B. Freudian idea as a scientist suggests that human behavior is influenced by
unconscious memories, thoughts and urges. The theory proposes that the psyche
compromises there aspects known as the id, ego and superego. The id is entirely
unconscious, while the ego operates in the conscious mind. The superego operates
both unconsciously and consciously.
C. Heliocentric Theory or Copernican Theory has impacted the scientific revolution
since it was the beginning of the emergence of the modern science. It allowed
development of the scientific method, experiments, evidences, and future scientists'
discoveries.