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FRANCISCO T. MANOSA
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE (2018)

When asked what makes architecture truly Filipino, he once

answered: “Filipino values, Philippine climate, and the use of COCONUUT PALAC
indigenous materials.” He believed Philippine climate calls for
tropical architecture whose features include accommodations to
the wet and dry seasons. These features include high ceilings,
large windows, low eaves and overhangs to provide both shade
and protection from the sun and rain. Filipino structures need to
breathe, with free interchange between interior and exterior
spaces. And lastly, it’s about the use of indigenous materials such
as bamboo, rattan, coconut shells and trunks, dried anahaw
leaves, capiz shells, and volcanic rock.

All or most of these features can be seen in his architectural

works, from his masterwork the Tahanang Pilipino (1980), better
known as the Coconut Palace; the Mañosa House (1983) in Ayala
Alabang; the Lu Ym House (2000) in Banilad, Cebu City; the
Amanpulo (1994) at Pamalican Island, Palawan; the Pearl Farm
Resort (1994) in Samal Island, Davao; the Mactan Shangri-la Resort PEARL FARM, SAMAL ISLAND LAS, PINAS BAMBOO ORGAN
& Spa (1993) in Mactan Island, Cebu; and the Eskaya Beach Resort
& Spa in Panglao, Bohol.
CHURCH
LANAO DEL NORTE PROVINCI
A devout Catholic and a deeply religious man, Mañosa is also
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known for his ecclesiastical works such as the St. Joseph Parish
Church (1976), better known as the Las Piñas Bamboo Organ
Church, the Mary Immaculate Parish (1988) in Moonwalk Village,
Las Pinas City, and the Shrine of Mary Queen of Peace (1989),
better known as the EDSA Shrine in Ortigas Center. Among his
institutional works which stand out are the Ateneo Professional
Schools (2000) in Rockwell Center, the JMT Corporate Center
(1992) in ADB Avenue, Ortigas Center, and The Aquino Center
(2001) in Hacienda Luisita, Tarlac. He was also involved in the
restoration and transformation of Corregidor Island (1992) into a
war memorial and tourism zone and the masterplan for the
redevelopment of the Quezon Memorial Circle (1980s).

Among his other works were the LRT Train Stations and the Elsie
 JOSÉ MARÍA V. ZARAGOZA SANTO DON BOSCO
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE (2014) DOMINGO CHURCH
1912-1994 José María V. Zaragoza’s place in Philippine
architecture history is defined by a significant body of modern
edifices that address spiritual and secular requirements.
Zaragoza’s name is synonymous to modern ecclesiastical
architecture. Notwithstanding his affinity to liturgical structures,
he greatly excelled in secular works: 36 office buildings, 4 hotels,
2, hospitals, 5 low-cost and middle-income housing projects; and
more than 270 residences – all demonstrating his typological
versatility and his mastery of modernist architectural vocabulary.
Zaragoza puretime graduated from the University of Santo Tomas
in Manila in 1936, passing the licensure examinations in 1938 to
become the 82nd architect of the Philippines. With growing UNION CHURCH MERALCO BUILDING PASIG
interest in specializing in religious architecture, Zaragoza also
studied at International Institute of Liturgical Art (IILA) in Rome in CITY
the late 1950s, where he obtained a diploma in liturgical art and
architecture. His training in Rome resulted in innovative
approaches, setting new standards for the design of mid-century
Catholic churches in the Philippines. His prolificacy in designing
religious edifices was reflected in his body of work that was
predominated by about 45 churches and religious centers,
including the Santo Domingo Church, Our Lady of Rosary in Tala,
Don Bosco Church, the Convent of the Pink Sisters, the San Beda
Convent, Villa San Miguel, Pius XII Center, the Union Church, and
the controversial restoration of the Quiapo Church, among
others. Zaragoza is a pillar of modern architecture in Philippines
buttressed by a half-century career that produced ecclesiastical
edifices and structures of modernity in the service of God and
humanity. METROPOLITAN VILLA SAN MIGUEL,
 MAKATI COMMERCIAL CENTER
ILDEFONSO P. SANTOS, JR.
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE (2006)
September 5, 1929 – January 29, 2014 Ildefonso
Paez Santos, Jr., distinguished himself by
pioneering the practice of landscape
architecture–an allied field of architecture–in the
Philippines and then producing four decades of
exemplary and engaging work that has included
hundreds of parks, plazas, gardens, and a wide TAGAYTAY MT. MALARAYAT GOLF AND
range of outdoor settings that have enhanced HIGHLAND RESORT COUNTRY CLUB
contemporary Filipino life. Santos, Jr., who grew
up in Malabon, made his first mark with the
Makati Commercial Center where he introduced
a new concept of outdoor shopping with
landscaped walks, fountains and sculptures as
accents. Santos, Jr.’s contribution to modern ORCHARD
Filipino landscape architecture was the seminal GOLF AND
public landscape in Paco Park. Santos, Jr.’s most COUNTRY
recent projects were the Tagaytay Highland CLUB
Resort, the Mt. Malarayat Golf and Country
Clubin Lipa, Batangas, and the Orchard Golf and
Country Club in Imus, Cavite.
 ISATANA C.C.P.
NURUL IMAN

LEANDRO V. LOCSIN FOLK ARTS P.I.C.C.

THEATER
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE (1990)

August 15, 1928 – November 15, 1994 Leandro V.

Locsin reshaped the urban landscape with a
distinctive architecture reflective of Philippine Art
and Culture. He believes that the true Philippine
Architecture is “the product of two great streams of
culture, the oriental and the occidental… to produce
a new object of profound harmony.” It is this
synthesis that underlies all his works, with his
achievements in concrete reflecting his mastery of
space and scale. Every Locsin Building is an original,
and identifiable as a Locsin with themes of floating
volume, the duality of light and heavy, buoyant and PHIL SOFITEL
massive running in his major works. From 1955 to CITE PHILIPPINE
1994, Locsin has produced 75 residences and 88
buildings, including 11 churches and chapels, 23
public buildings, 48 commercial buildings, six major
hotels, and an airport terminal building. Locsin’s
largest single work is the Istana Nurul Iman, the
palace of the Sultan of Brunei, which has a floor area
of 2.2 million square feet. The CCP Complex itself is a
virtual Locsin Complex with all five buildings designed
by him — the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Folk
Arts Theater, Philippine International Convention
Center, Philcite and The Westin Hotel (now Sofitel
Philippine Plaza).
 MANILA
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PABLO S. ANTONIO
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE (1976)
Born at the turn of the century, National Artist for
Architecture Pablo Sebero Antonio pioneered
modern Philippine architecture. His basic design is
grounded on simplicity, no clutter. The lines are clean
and smooth, and where there are curves, these are
made integral to the structure. Pablo Jr. points out,
“For our father, every line must have a meaning, a
purpose. For him, function comes first before
elegance or form“. The other thing that characterizes
an Antonio structure is the maximum use of natural
light and cross ventilation. Antonio believes that
buildings “should be planned with austerity in mind
and its stability forever as the aim of true
architecture, that buildings must be progressive,
simple in design but dignified, true to a purpose
without resorting to an applied set of aesthetics and
should eternally recreate truth”. Antonio’s major
works include the following: Far Eastern University
Administration and Science buildings; Manila Polo
Club; Ideal Theater;Lyric Theater; Galaxy Theater;
Capitan Luis Gonzaga Building; Boulevard-Alhambra
(now Bel-Air) apartments; Ramon Roces Publications
Building (now Guzman Institute of Electronics).
CAPITAN LUIS
 RIZAL
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JUAN F. NAKPIL
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE (1973) GERONIMO DE MAGSAYSAY
May 26, 1899 – May 7, 1986 Juan F. Nakpil, architect, LOS REYES BUILDING
teacher and civic leader, is a pioneer and innovator in
Philippine architecture. In essence, Nakpil’s greatest
contribution is his belief that there is such a thing as
Philippine Architecture, espousing architecture UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
reflective of Philippine traditions and culture. It is ADMINISTRATION
also largely due to his zealous representation and
efforts that private Filipino architects and engineers,
by law, are now able to participate in the design and
execution of government projects. He has integrated
strength, function, and beauty in the buildings that
are the country’s heritage today. He designed the
1937 International Eucharistic Congress altar and
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rebuilt and enlarged the Quiapo Church in 1930
adding a dome and a second belfry to the original PHILIPPINE
design. Among others, Nakpil’s major works are the VILLAGE
Geronimo de los Reyes Building,Magsaysay Building,
Rizal Theater, Capitol Theater, Captain Pepe Building, HOTEL
Manila Jockey Club, Rufino Building, Philippine Village RECONSTRU
Hotel, University of the Philippines Administration CTED
and University Library, and the reconstructed Rizal
house in Calamba, Laguna. RIZAL
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