Physical Science Notes during Discussions

January 19 | Thursday
Polarity
Polar Molecules
- Have dipoles and their dipole moments do not add up to zero (or do not cancel
out). Water and Carbon Monoxide are examples of polar molecules.
Nonpolar Molecules
- Do not have positive or negative ends. Their dipole moments add up to zero (they
cancel out). Carbon tetrachloride and methane are examples of nonpolar
molecules.

How to check the polarity:

POLAR NONPOLAR

Shape Asymmetrical Symmetrical

Electronegativity (atomic ≥0.5 (greater than) <0.5 (less than)

mass/weight)

Dipole moment Not cancel out Cancel out

Lewis Structure

Properties of the polarity:

POLAR NONPOLAR

Solubility Dissolve in polar solvents Dissolve in nonpolar solvents

Melting Point higher lower

Boiling Point higher lower

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction (IMFA)

Electronegativity - is the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding of
electrons.

Activity
1. HCl ~> Cl (3.5) - H (2.1) = 1.4 POLAR
2. CO ~> O (3.5) - C (2.5) = 1.0 POLAR
3. CaO ~> O (3.5) - Ca (1.0) = 2.5 POLAR
4. AlFe ~> Fe (1.8) - Al (1.5) = 0.3 NONPOLAR
5. HBr ~> Br (2.8) - H (2.1) = 0.7 POLAR
6. NO ~> O (3.5) - N (3.0) = 0.5 POLAR
7. SH ~> S (2.5) - H (2.1) = 0.4 NONPOLAR
8. NaCO3 ~> O (3.5) - C (3.0) - Na (0.9) = 0.41 NONPOLAR
9. NaCl ~> Cl (3.0) - Na (0.9) = 2.1 POLAR
10. CaCO3 ~> O (3.5) - C (2.5) - Ca (1.0) = 0/cancel out NONPOLAR

Strength of IMFA
Otherwise, you may use the following strategies;
1. Check which molecule exhibits hydrogen bonding. This molecule will have
stronger intermolecular forces.
2. Check which molecule is polar. Polar molecules have stronger intermolecular
forces.
3. Compare London Dispersion forces.

SOLVING IMFA:
- Element
N - Number of Atoms in a Molecule
W - Atomic Weight
- Total Mass/Molecular Weight

N*W=T

1. HF vs F2
2. H2O vs CO2