FAUVISM (1904-1910) During
1905-1910, it had three exhibitions. Its
term was translating to mean ‘wild-beasts’
and was coined by Louis Vauxcelles
following the 1905 Salon d’Autumne
exhibition which held in Paris. Fauvism is
an art movement that was established
towards the beginning ot the 20th century.
Cave Art (or Paleolithic Art) is a broad term
for the earliest known art-making in human history.
This movement is perhaps best-known today for the
paintings found on the walls of many prehistoric caves,
rich in depictions of animals, human figures, and forms
that are a combination of man and beast. The tradition
of cave art also includes relief carvings and portable
sculptural objects. The art created by our earliest
ancestors is at one level alien and deeply mysterious to
us, and yet it serves as a reminder of the common
humanity we share with its creators. It rarely fails to
dazzle and astound with its meticulous detail, abstract
gestures, and rich scope for imaginative speculation on
its meaning and origin.
Roman art comes from Etruscan
and Greek art, especially Hellenistic art,
the Romans were practical people and
wanted their art and architecture to be
useful. The of Roman arts celebrates first
and foremost the greatness of Rome and
the Romans. Roman Arts using idealized
forms and very often depicts mythological
narrative.
Traditional Chinese painting
("guo hua") is similar to calligraphy -
which itself is considered to be the highest
form of painting - and is executed with a
brush (made of animal hair) dipped in
black ink (made from pine soot and
animal glue) or coloured ink.
EXPRESSIONISM (1905-1020),
It flourished between 1905-1920,
especially in Germany and Austria. It is
an artistic style in which the artist seeks to
depict not objective reality but rather the
subjective emotions and responses that
objects and events arouse within a person.
Greek Arts stand out among the
other ancient culture for its development
of naturalistic but idealized depictions of
human body, in which largely nude mode
figures were generosity the focus of
innovation.
Conceptual art is art for which
the idea (or concept) behind the work is
more important than the finished art
object. It emerged as an art movement in
the 1960s and the term usually refers to
art made from the mid-1960s to the mid-
1970s. As a definable movement
conceptual art is associated with the
1960s and 1970s, but its origins reach
beyond these two decades.
Pop Art is a movement that developed in
the mid-20th century. It utilized elements from
popular culture including advertisements,
magazines, product logos and mass media to
challenge traditional notions of art. It also
employed satire to question the consumerism and
industrialism of American culture. The aimed of
pop art is to solidify the idea that art can draw
from any source, and there is no hierarchy of
culture to disrupt.
Surrealism refers to an artistic
movement founded by Andre Breton in the
early 1920s. It was mainly aimed at liberating
thoughts as well as human experience from the
limitations of rationalism. Breton intended to
unleash the view that the unconscious mind
was the main source of creativity.
 The Minimalism art movement is one of
the most influential of the 1960s, emerging in
New York City among a number of young artists
who were moving away from Abstract
Expressionism and favored a sleek, geometric
aesthetic instead, which would manifest itself in
minimalist art. Minimalism artworks were most
often made of geometric shapes in simple
arrangements and without any decorative or
dynamic displays.
The Ukiyo-e Japanese Print, literally
meaning “Pictures of the Floating World,"
Ukiyo-e refers to a style of Japanese
woodblock print and painting from the Edo
period depicting famous theater actors,
beautiful courtesans, city life, travel in
romantic landscapes, and erotic scenes.
Egyptian art is depicted more on
their religious beliefs. Is characterized by
regularity and detailed depiction of gods,
human beings, heroic battles, and nature.
A high proportion of the surviving works
were designed and made to provide peace
and assistance to the deceased afterlife.
Medieval art was produced in many
media, and works survive in large numbers in
sculpture, illuminated manuscripts, stained
glass, metalwork and mosaics, fresco wall-
paintings, textiles, including tapestry.
Medieval paintings usually depict religious
subjects or topics of war. All works of art
were commissioned by religious authorities
like for churches and monasteries or secular
leaders for public edification and most were
actually made by monks. The main
characteristic would be to worship or offer to
God.
Mannerism, Italian Manierismo (from maniera,
“manner,” or “style”), artistic style that predominated in
Italy from the end of the High Renaissance in the 1520s
to the beginnings of the Baroque style around 1590.
Mannerism originated as a reaction to the harmonious
classicism and the idealized naturalism of High
Renaissance art as practiced by Leonardo da Vinci,
Michelangelo, and Raphael in the first two decades of
the 16th century Mannerism style is characterized by
artificiality and artiness, by a thoroughly self-conscious
cultivation of elegance and technical facility, and by a
sophisticated indulgence in the bizarre.
Renaissance come from a
French word meaning “Rebirth”. It comes
from the Italian Rinascimento “Re”
meaning “again” and nascer meaning “be
born”. Its influence altered philosophy,
art, literature, science, politics and
religion.
Romantic is an artistic and literary
movement that originated in Europe during the
late 18th century and lasted until the mid-19th
century. It is characterized by a focus on
emotion, individualism, and the celebration of
nature. Explored themes such as love, beauty,
and the supernatural. A movement that rejected
the style and notions of Neoclassicism.
Rococo comes from the French word “rocaille”
meaning rubble or rock. This refers to pebble or shell-
work in fountains or grottos, and describes the
serpentine pattern often seen in the Rococo era, known
as “late Baroque “The Rococo style typically depicts
scenes of youth, love, and nature, and elicits motion and
drama. The Rococo era lasted roughly from the 1730s to
the mid-1780s and the style can be found in painting,
architecture, and more.
 Baroque is an artistic movement
that developed in Italy, in Rome, in the
17th century in reaction to Mannerism that
dominated the late Italian Renaissance.
This movement was encouraged by the
Catholic Church that sought to return to
the tradition and spirituality the Church
promoted with the Counter Reformation.
Neoclassism is an art movement
based on the ideals of art from Rome and
Ancient Greek. It placed emphasis on human
reason and keeping society in order, which are
dominant principles during the Enlightenment
period. It demonstrated a yearning for the
simplicity, symmetry, and idealism of works
from Greek and Roman antiquity.
The Art Nouveau movement came into
being as designers bored of Neoclassic and
Historicism and wanted to move the modern era in
the direction of modern design. They looked at
design as more than a mere application of aesthetics
and strove to meld functionality, aesthetics, and
design into a harmonious whole. This idea was
dubbed New Art, or Art Nouveau. This new title
was given to art across all mediums that applied the
principle from painting to architecture to what was
previously known only as crafts. Art Nouveau
discouraged the idea that crafts were not art and
embraced them as part of the movement.
It was radical art movement that began
in the late 1800s, it centered primarily around
Parisian painters. The impressionist rebelled
against classical subject matter and embraced
modernity, desiring to create works that reflected
the world in which they lived. This movement of
art emphasized the practice of plein air painting,
or panting outside. Initially derided by critics,
impressionism has since been embraced as one
of the most popular and influential art styles in
Western history.
Symbolism focused on the abstract use of
symbols to express the spiritual reality behind the
physical world. Symbolism started as a literary
movement. Its transition to the visual arts lies in
the ideology of the painter, rather than finding
meaning in the outside world and depicting it on
canvas, found an inner source and brought it out
onto the canvas, whether the idea or thought was
his own or the thought of a literary contemporary.
Dadaism was an avant-garde artistic
and cultural movement prompted by the
European societal climate after World War I.
It was a rejection of modern capitalism,
bourgeois culture, and wartime politics that
aligned with other far-left radical groups. This
was expressed through the use of non-
traditional art materials, satire, and
nonsensical content.
Realism emerged in the mid-19th
century as a reaction against
Romanticism. It is characterized by a
focus on objective reality and the
everyday experiences of ordinary people.
Explored themes such as social inequality,
industrialization, and urbanization.
Post-Impressionism is a term
used to describe the reaction in the 1880s
against Impressionism. It was led by Paul
Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van
Gogh and Georges Seurat. The Post
Impressionists rejected Impressionism's
concern with the spontaneous and
naturalistic rendering of light and color.