UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2013

SCHOOL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
VIRTUAL
UNIT CODE: BIT 3202
UNIT TITLE: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

DATE: DEC 2013 MAIN Time : 2Hours

INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO

QUESTIONS

Question 1 (Compulsory, 20 Marks).

(a) Based on the algorithm of Depth-first search, trace the search of the following path
(12 marks)

(b) Explain the importance of Artificial Intelligence in Industry and the Military using one
example or reason in each case. (2 marks)

(c) Define the term knowledge representation and show how rules qualify to be knowledge
representation formalism. Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of using rules as
representation formalism. (4 marks)

(d) Define the term ‘pattern recognition’ and describe one application area where it can be
used. State two broad classes of pattern recognition techniques. (4
marks)

(e) Below is a diagram with four boxes, each representing different

approaches to Artificial intelligence design methodology. Explain each box.
(8 marks)

1 2

Think like humans Think rationally

3 4

Act like humans Act rationally

Question 2 (Optional, 20 Marks).

(a) Discuss any two reasons why psychology may be regarded as a foundation of Artificial
Intelligence. State two other foundations of Artificial Intelligence. (4 marks)

(b) (i) Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of informed search as a problem solving
technique. (2 marks)

(ii) Show how a search problem may be specified. (3 marks)

(iii) Describe the best-first search heuristic using an example. Explain why you would
recommend such a search method. (4 marks)

(iv) State any two real life applications of the search technique. (2 marks)

(c) Describe predicate calculus and frames as knowledge representation formalisms. State
one advantage and one limitation of each of these knowledge representation formalisms.
(5 marks)

Question 3 (Optional, 20 Marks).

(a) Human intelligence can be defined as ‘ a person’s ability to solve problems, utilize logic
and think critically’. Discuss how this definition compares and differs with the definition of
Artificial Intelligence. (6
marks)
(c) State the conditions for searching in A.I and hence discuss the process of searching
(6 marks)
(c) discuss with examples how AI is applicable into real-life scenarios
(8 marks)

Question 4 (Optional, 20 Marks).

(a) Discuss why agents in Artificial Intelligence need not only be software entities.
(2 marks)

(b) Describe any four characteristics of intelligent agents. (2 marks)

(c) Describe an architecture of a simple reflex agent. (4

marks)

(d) Describe statistical classification technique. (3 marks)

(e) (i) Let X = (x1,x2,x3) and Y = (y1,y2,y3). Define the square-block distance d(X,Y)sqb
between X and Y. (2 marks)

(ii) Use k-Nearest Neighbour technique and square-block distance measure to classify an
object P(10,30,5) given the data below:-
 X Y Z Category
30 30 10 A
20 10 20 A
10 20 20 B
15 40 60 A
6 5 10 B
20 10 15 B
13 15 7 B
40 70 70 A

(7 marks)

Question 5 (Optional, 20 Marks).

(a) Give a more recent definition of a robot. (2 marks)

(b) Discuss any three grounds showing why we should have robots. (3 marks)

(c) Describe locomotion and sensors in robots. (6 marks)

(d) Explain the meaning of the terms supervised learning, hypothesis and example with
respect to Machine Learning in Artificial Intelligence. (3 marks)

(e) Use a diagram to describe a structure of a learning system. (4 marks)

(f) State any two techniques used in Machine Learning. (2 marks)