SCHIZOPHRENIA PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

FIGURE 1. Schizophrenia Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

The diathesis-stress paradigm describes how the two have a reciprocal relationship and a
dual influence on the development of many mental health disorders, including schizophrenia, and
it contributes to resolving the nature vs. nurture controversy. The term "diathesis" refers to a
person's genetic predisposition for or risk of developing a particular condition. A person's genetic
makeup and the greater risk if a first-degree blood relative, such as a parent or sibling, has a
condition are both factors that contribute to this propensity. The diathesis, which represents a
person's biological susceptibility, is the model's natural component. An environmental stressor
can cause a condition to manifest, especially in people who are genetically predisposed to getting
it. A little bit of stress is required to trigger the start of a condition in someone who is
predisposed to do so. Extreme trauma or the use of a substance like a drug can be factors of
nurture and environmental stresses that affect the beginning of schizophrenia and other
associated diseases.
 Particularly during important developmental phases, increased individual susceptibility to
psychosis may interact with traumatic events to promote the establishment of future psychotic
symptoms. The association between traumatic life experiences and psychotic symptoms appears
to be dose-dependent, which is significant because repeated traumatic life events might
exacerbate the expression and severity of symptoms. This association shows that reducing the
prevalence of psychotic diseases and reducing their impact may require a focus on trauma
prevention and early intervention.
Widespread but varying brain structural, functional, and neurochemical changes that
appear to entail dopamine dysregulation are part of the pathology of schizophrenia.
Hallucinations and psychotic delusions are episodically interspersed with negative symptoms to
form the schizophrenia phenotype, which often starts in adolescence. Dopamine D2 receptor-
blocking medications and psychotherapies customized to the patient's unique psychosocial
impairments are used in the treatment, which does not address the etiology.

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