~~ ~~-. -~ _. _. _. _. _._~-~=-~ -~~'!

_~I-~ ::l~~11IJi
-·- · . . .
. , . 3lef-i~i1 ~C,:tltc~
·- ·- ·-·-·-·-·-· -·~·-·-·- ·-· -·-·-:- .
► ... ... .. ~ ~ ....
f''I ~ ... • ~ .. ~ ,
V -
• .. ~-~o~~ . . . ~
'\. ~ ' I \ ~ : ~ ~ l l ~ ~ cf'lii ~
f,Mlci, ~ ~ ~ f.-TCTw -!J<fin, f<l~
~~ '(;9Rf ~ ~ ~ ~ ~I - ~~
*~ ~ ~ ~ 'O .-~ ~ ~ ~ c~ ~ ~ ,
~-rr~ Clf~~~ ~~~I ~ ~~mt~
; '5f~~
w
I,,
(II

Cl.
IU
.r:
I

~~ ~ ~ ~IS>Mfirt ~ -~
u
~ 91~ ~ Qf~ I ~~ "1f~<f~(Jf ~'1 ®<fi <.?frGfi'R.iJf ~ I
~~~I b'. ~~ : ~ ~(f"?f~ ~~~C'1C"I ~ <roT I
("~)~~~ ~. ~ : ~ ~ f ?f!>Cr'~ ~C<f> 7.JT ~ ~"'l 'WP11'i\!il
(~)~~P!(.l'II Ci!U ~~~ :>o. ~~: ~m ~m,r c~?fTStr , 4ffl ·(3 (.o'!t0f ~
(~)~~~- s-f<lf-1 -l~~~~I ~ ; PWr11T~ c~rn.rr 1 ,
(~)~~AA~~ ~~~1llCJi ~ ~ ~ (lf)~ ffi: ,
~~~~~I ~ ~ '<l ~ C<lf-1C'gM S~ f6fu ~ '2ff~ ~rf.~ ~
~ I ~ CfflITT> '2f]"tfRJ M :errcfur ~ ffl"Pf ~ BT ~
~ ~~ G!efc1f<1--1)IC>J<;I f:bfu ~ P1(.<lfo~ ~ ·%1·,v,,:> 1

~~ ~ I!]~ l!]~ ~~~ ~ RCisfC'1~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ <1)$1~ ~ ~ lf<J"fJ IC:-Bl ~ •1) 1• 1)

c!i~~~~~~, ~ $ . T ~ 9 f ~ ~ -M l ~r~r= ·
~~~~isf-- 1--1->j_W l~I . "JR~~ (Levels of organisation)
1. ·•

ii. .2lN">>Jl1ll (symmetry) -~

$_gPIC'11C~& ~ Pi&ii~'J.'3> ~qt. I fflct , ~ctrn C11C>Jl151C~~
iij. ~ -(metamerism' or segmentation)-
iv. '51"~ (fagmatization )
~-:il~~ ~ ~~91 ~ ~ ~ l!l~ '61~ {3 C~C>Jl151~"1
v. . ~~ (Appendages) ·
tQT9l~ .. ~ • c.9iRtc'G1Mm11 ~ ~ ~ ~ 1
v1. ~ (Polarity) ,
$_gP1C'1 IC~&C'1~ '51'(;.91"1'l<f\!l ~ ~q\" ~ ~ zjr I Mo.llusca,'
· vii. ~ ~ is ~ ('{3ody wees and planes)
Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Hemichorqata, ·
viii.~ (Coelom) ·
Chordata ~?~ 914~-& $q\" '$:~f>ic-,1c11'G I C<kDr .,~ .· · ix. ~ -B 91Ri~'G., (Cleavage
Annelid a ~ , ~ -!l~ '$:'@pjc-,1c11'G f l ~ 1. - · ·_, ,·:.~')", : of development)
·:·,:, ... x. ~qrn~ (Ge'tm layer)
J5(~)~ffl: · xi. ~~ (Vascular System)
~~ ~ IWQl&C'1~ ~~~~~~ff~ 9iffet ~ . xli. ~~ (way of living)~ 1
, ' . l
Chordata~ Vertbrata ~9fft _Aves~ I ~ 91~'11~.·.·
WieJ 4 Chordata ft~l'ZJ>J~~ ~~~f ~ : ·-,~: i · '$IIISf•11a) ~.;.~6~~
Chordata ~~: · ~ ~ ~ l.!l~ ~~ ffl-il'{3:
• i
~- ~ : ~~ '51"~ 15li$i1<1-4 <PCISC&~ 9[0"-~~ ~ Nema~oda, ~ ._g_ , Arthropoda .. ,
C"11fz.;,., ,f~f 'G ;;ly?li!ej_?l ~ ~e-00 \S ~~ m&': (~) ~~.qf5CiJU<!I 'JR~~ I
~ ~ J ~ri\!; ~ ~ ~ l!lfi; ~ Wmll (~) -~ f l ~ ~ ~ 7
\
·":·
~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~'r ~ (vertebra~~s) ('t)'ts~Y!m 'p' ~ ~ ~1"1c11~ •l-11'6'41~ ~ M '
-~~,
1
1
~~~~ I . .

~- ~ : .,C&l<?C\S?l ~ ~ ~ ~-i51"'if~~ f9ff, .~ , ., (lf)~~"'.1~ ~ -Q '6 ~ ~ ~~~

~<1->llit•IJ'd'ti1T "'i~t.-116-il ~ I
~ (never cord) ™ 1 ~~ '2fff~ ~ ::1«~¥
"ITTl-1f'6'5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ·(brain) '<l ~ ~~ ~(~)~~=
, . (spinal cord) ~ ~ 1 ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ C:-1fbJJJ ~{!~IC~ ~<1C-1fwlJ Wf I
~- ~~ itr: ~ -
CllC<P)C--11 'f"ffil" <ff ~ ~ 131"Qll~9jAAt~, ~ -!l'<R ~~ \9 ~ ISj<ij•i{l~)[C.!E
~ lj_91TC-f ~ ~ ~<f)"f -~ (gill slits) Qffe<P . 161<1~!-1~~ ~tfrnT '.>f<fic1 ~ ~ 'IKtj)" ~ ( ~,
<rf.>f{Mff'5, ~ <ff .:!:'.l<fl9•f~~) f<l~~~IC<fl
(~~~~~'Pf~) I . .
Bio-diversity '<1T
~ qCqfbJJJ <fCi1 I
8-. ~i:s6f~"I-: ~1"1MC"1?l m ~~ (endostyle) ~ ~ .
~. ~ 91.'1 ~ ~a)- '2ff~ ?f"ITT~ ~~ ~ (~)..\!ffl~:
Qi~~ I C1lR ~rnT ~ ~ ~~ f<l~IIS!C.,9 ~t1JVT ~~"m
~- ~-~~=~e r -r'lrn ~ 'Pf"m ~ <H ~~ C(f)11l ~ :11c.>u1c~m?l1?J'C<'IT ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ C9Mi'r ~~ ~ (postani l tail }' ~<f)" I ~ ~ ~~ ~ 1. ~ ~ ~ . 1TQ/T-~, C:ilC>fi(Si.ll <.Q~

\'~ .:::=·=~=-- ~ ~ ~~ ~
 2S

~~ ~~ ~~
). ~qrn~ ~~~~ cqrn (<:if"ii~

IS IQ~ ~ ~ ~fi5f'lT. (.~I.~ ' :

~~~I IS 1!17.<,~ ~

~ ~ ~ i:v

~- ~;r.:rr IQ~ IS.~~ cwnf;mr '<lfl:Q •

~ ~;r.:rr ~
GIC<l>I~~ ~~I
-
l!l.i5i~ C<!>l<f~~ ~ <IT .Gl'3f i 5 i ~ ~~[

9frn'!Ri ~ ~ 9fmf rlT I ~ ~- ~' 8.

. ~ ~-m- 1
a. c".:i~1cu1!3!:ffl ~~I ~~ I
~ Annelida~
Q-. 9Wf9f IS~- ~ < I T ~ ~ ~~ I
Arthopod~-9R
~-~ ~~ ~I
~ i51T~~ -mlT ~ ~ \!l<f~ C\. C
- l!l<!>if~ ~91 ~ ~
l!,,(}R~ •s·{rn;~l-.:,1 ~I~
.._. 'I')~ <IT~ I
Rm • I
~~<j\ - ~I 13! Cc, C-G 'll"'il" I
~-~ PW/'>fmm:~r/ <.~'6C<I> ~ .i!S ( ~)-\!Rf ~ : I(';<
'5!-i~ ~ 9fT ~
'O.~~ -~
I
~~ P, Q, R ~~~ ~~ 151Jl!3ic-,1c~/G.
~ ...
~ ~ ~ lffiff 9!.c.f CQJ"C<fi
'1_"11 \!I~~~ I ~ ~~ N:li:f~I ffl ~ ~: "14!
~~<fi@J
8.~ - GOIMCr\lCitti (Acoelomate): \!!~ '~<fur ~ =1<1 ')II
~ ·:
~
~I 1-111.'1,c ~ { l '
~ ~~~I )t~--.. ~
i5i~, 91Mi_iUCil~ ~ ~~ ~f<fil ~Rffl' ( ~ ~~ I
• otE,x,o.;,,.~
41 l~f& •l:iB! PW i'l' ~·,
( Setae) Cl1'""•H lfrn 1 , 91JIC'll-i<l\l~lll (Spongy parenchyma) r<I'~ 'l .,JJ .
51 ~ -'2
<t.W'ft.~ ~
. tht:S ~ (
Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyheinu~
~ (~h
~-~~(~) ~--"{n ~~'51f@r c-,~l~P<lf ~~c!Pf<!
~fo'lf~ -f!M<!)f ~ ":/''"'"~ir. 1 (~) fi
C\. ~ Platyhelmi nthes~~,~ $'31J!l-'1~: ,!l<
\!I~ l!R11
~W<l<ff~ ,
!1-9.f~ ('t) ~
~~~
9!QJ<ll, ~ms1Pit.-1ICllri (Pscudococlom atc) <IT ~ - • ~~
~:~~~I ~r~)-G ~~ 'i5C<f ~cfur 91~i_i\ic..i~ ~ ~ ~ ~~­
('~)~
$t.... '<lWJ
- ~~ C<fi~ fB ~

,, ~
'tr.~ ~~Cl'N[~"il'f ( ~ ~ ) Rr@ ~ ' G ~
I "lf~~~~<>froS J
~ 1 -1cr.i-
~
91Rl~uc.:i ~c-,-r ~'G «-<.'(~<IT c ~ RtJII
'1fu¥UC-l ~~ ONT • ·,i_--r •
. dilC<i>IC</il?I =:ij1ri:~$f;r.r,P,fu""-ic=
_<li ~r.f c<w-, <Ii@ .:ir I Nematoda. ~ O~
-~ <lm1~<1015WF~91[.
~ ~rrr ~ Kinorhyncha ~~Ri ~ .$cfurr :,r.ms,Pw=,IC.il1J I d 4tl
1
~1'51 '(3 ~ 11"lT Cl'Nr \!l~ -~
C'511-, ~ \!llf<f ~ ~ ~~ l!l"ID Neilla
C (0 a •
~I
~*'5- ~ <!lfu" 1ms1~c-,1c~u 1 .
-~
~~-~)
 ,IS(~)~~: ~9fr<I> ~ ~ •x• ~Porifera(~) ,.-~r,~b .- 2n¾
~91~ ~ffl' ~Tql° Q IS R ~ C';)~ <!l<R ~ ~ 1 <!l~ , ~ .zfrn ~ '>l"~ ~ c<lf'"f'2'J?Wrr ~1A1: 1

~If) ~-~ ~ ~ :!J<R ~ ~•~ ~

C';)~
~- ~ ~~ ~ f.m ~'8 ~ ~~~
~ I ~-~ IS <l>t-scn<;I .~~ ~ ~ · ~cfuTT 'GTTl:f<fi ~ <I>@ -'IT '51'~~ <!l~t ~ ~ ~f2' ~ [it I
~~~ I Rr:D'5T~~W'!T- ,
~ • ~ fOstia) .fr-T<!> '3FI~~ ~
~ ~ '5'<JT <!>Cib1'C~~ ~ ~ C<!>Tr-TT ~ ~ .r~
1

~·-
I!>. ~ ~,~~-4%ll<;I ~ fwrc:<r ?f1f.r ~ wrr ifi.rrzr~cr
<i<;l i~~ ~ ~ <!l<r, ..,~M'5fc'!> --icV1<1>-sffl 91Rl<iRS''!> -~
. -----
~ <!lffl' ~~. ~~ I '51'ffi@
- -·'
~ (cana\ system)~ <ITTT 1 ~'?fe"-<f Pl lf.,;.,, 1?, ;JT,~
~~ 9!@t'j\!) ~ I
ffirn 911H(.:)IC'!>-;1 ~~ ~ , Gif¾Ci.sfrl '8 ~~'=,[ '-'1~.-=:J$','.l
c~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . : i r ~ < m t c t < ! l m ~
,2fWf~ I
~~ \ \ .
' ...
~- ~ ~ ~ C~C<!>IC--l\ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1'.91W'f , 8. P'>'lf<li~.-, (spicule)~~~~~~ ,i'.;1&1 ~ ~~
. ~ ~ ~ '<!>@ L,,11.-p~;f~C'!> i!lQ\91' c-t~Plffi -'!Toi ( spongin }'--tl~<!> ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~i;! ~ I
'-'· 1'~:i!IC~ --icU1<1>c1S-;1 ~~ .~ 9fl, ~ ,>j_<!lf.ic•N ~ 11'. ~~ · C<t>l{JIC-41->ii'® (Choanocyte) ~ w.~
~ ~ 91<;1<1'5TC'!> _ . IS ~ '<j,fC'{$ 91Ef'fi3' ~ .I . $(')\CiSjc'fi'J.'3' ~ 91f¾c.:ira~ <!l'<!> ~ ~ ~ ~c~c~
C•1\°1'ffilC\!) l!lQ\9f ~ .<lffi -'IT I .
. ·.:
.71 . ,
-~:·1 ~'C<'JT ~ ~ I
8. <1>.;(GW,-;1 ~ ~ <!l<R C ~ '--lffi Gl~{JC".TC•f ~ . ~- ~ ~ N,'!>C-;1 ~ ~~ (spongocoel) ., ,l.j .
<I>@ I '51'ffi'C'<f, C."i [.,,tfil-;1 ~~~ '\5foi~ I · <!l<fifi; ·~ ~ . ~ ~ , l!l<f-. fflf@ -:iiJJ?J<"' l ;.J
et . c ~ ~ ~ < ! P f < l > @ i ~ ~ ~ I ,. , · ( o s c u l u m ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~·~ ~ ~ ,
I .
lb. ,,11.,1\il-;1 ~ ~ c9ffiir ~ , ~ c91fir ~ ~ .i q_ 9[~ ~cftm ~ .(Sessile);~~~~~-~ .
9''S::it iC~<;l ·'<!TC<!> I I· , ~~I
,
't c~ 1ms1Pic.<11c:itV ~ ~ ~ ~~Pitfiic:itV 1 1• · b-. ~<i--ti:>Cl.!I> ~~~ G1J1fv~11i"11 ~ - '1.llc~r1<t>1$.lJ.-, , 0-1_;,

®i?f ;ffe'~ ~ '>1~--lt<ifiirlf ~ <!>RK't ~ ~ ~~ .prfJ ~I . .

~~~~91i5f~"<!>C<;l"I~~~~ i 25 (~)4® ffl:

~~~ ~ C ~ ~ ~ C, ~ '51C9f'lfir ~ I
.I ~~~ Y ~ Platyhelminth~s t.!l~ Z ~ Nematoda

~
~y·y:-r=:_ - r.•
. . ·<!I~~ ~ttJ Z <ff Nematoda ~
~- Platyhelminthes ~ ~ ~ ~~ · 1Jli3~ ~1~
Giftf<f> ~ 1 <!iWf: .
,I
~~-~o~~ 1

t.!l~ ~ ~ fiqT-15!?lf ~ ~ ~ <ITTJ I ~

·x· = ~ ~cfr~
Nematoda 9R<TTf ~ Gi"'f-W •i~-4:lllill l~ -'.!l1~
~ 'y' - ff.lisll'51~ t.!l<f~ Gif~~"l 98fffl"
1

J
~. Platyhelminthes 9R<fu ~ ~ ~l:"1'13 ~ rrm', l!l<i~
. ~ -·z· .=1f.l1S11~rn.~~~t.!l<f~~e<1>is~1
Nematoda 9R<TTf ~ >j)C1Slfs!C"11C:llV ~ ~~~
(.;.) ~ ~?
1

.
l!l . Platyhelminthes 9R<fu ~~ c ~ ~~ c!l~
("}N-~~~~~? " 1 ~ I Namatoda ~ ~~ c•i1fh,11cqj ~ 13
(~)~~~'X'l®~tr!TcrNI "IT~~ t.!l<!~ ~~ CQ[(;q, 9f.fU ffl ~ ' 5 I
(~)~ ~ ·v· '(3 •z· ~ ~ ~trr ~ ~~? 8. Pl atyh elminth es t.!l Cb7lr<I> 13 ~ I!,'~ ~ Nematoda
~<R"I ~ jqJ{\-1~ )J_~ ~~ C-~91:'f IS'C0" ~ I
Q. Platyhelminth es ~ t.!l<f~ G!ftf<l>T~~ 91~ 1
.f!S(.;.)~~: '5RJNC<l> Nematoda l.!l<!im ~ fu:li<>f'5T ~ c!l<i~ ~
~~ t.!l<lm1 ~'11T~T lITTTT f.«:-~ ~ttJ ~ ~
t.!l~
~~~. I • ' °'
~~ c<1f-f'8P1:q_c~<!l ?lrll)[-,-11 15Rt<41orli c~ ~ <ITTJ v t.!l~
<.!l~ ~ ~ '@~~ ffl ~ ~91 ~ ~ ~ ,·m Z ~ ~ ~ttJ Z <IT Nematoda~ ~9Bff czjvr ~ 1 · ·
~ ~~ ~ iSi--l-41_(.Jl ~ I
............ ............................ ........ ........................................ _______
PART-3 [~<Ul~~R34 iitc-:tl~'lll ... ...................... ....... ........... .
 · an,m - ~ - ~ ~~i(~<l C!Jfcif.l_~I-~. _. _. _. _. _. _·. _. _. _-~ ~
~~

,: ·-:;-.:-~ li
~~f.\~iil-1 -·-·-·-·-·-::~-'"', ~'.~.~--·.- · - · ~ ~ - ; : , ; ~ : <fSC<&UCq-!l ~ ~ ~ < N l ~ ; ~ ;~·
-~o~~ .~ i~ ~Cfif '8 ~~ N,\!l-il ~~ CQJW~ ~ ~
~fl o,~.,M~ V-'1> ~ rfi i ~ ~ ~
~f!-"./ii;7 ~:;:::::""
~-!,..,,~~ ~~·,,,,.
,• ~-urf.r-l · ~ I
lf(.t.~11...,l
~ ~<1~rl'l!l(JJ ~~ (9111'fu:,.__
·11vr J'¢J

fb-;i,-t\
\1. ~ .· 1·
Wcl!-8 · Ir. ~~ ~ : ~ ~~1~ '51 $)~1,qc•f ~ <Ii@ 1

~- · ~ ·; C11~M@1urn ·' l:~~ q r/4'-1-1 ~ <fr ~:~ J.

(<fi)~~ ,·
(~)m ·~ ~~ l!IC<ttillllfif41 ~ ~ zjf CCR? '51<1"1~1!> I . i.
(~) @'I~ ~ 'A' ~ ~ elf ~ ~ $
. ~o . ~~: ~ ~rwr ~21'~ , ~ '{3 (''['5] ~
"l~~fillJI~ ffl ·.~ , ~ ~ C ~ ' 1 T I ii
I
c~) ~~~iSM T~~··s·~ $ · LS '( 'T)~ .~ :
ii
l91i;ll:iwtC~ •P1<1ic>M iWfT ~9fe<.f> "<1f2fi B ~ q1 c~~ -.V,l;f i,
•~~i"f'!lif<l>m ~ i?roMT~- 1

l\fo ll usca ('FIT'~) ~ 'Glfl:f<l>R"f ~q@ ~ ~ ~ ~ i. ·r~\'f~ ~ ~ ~~ f¥~'G¥1 ~ •3rrr5 <Iv.?

v.
"'i!~ci l ~ C j ~ ~ I .<TT C~C<P ~ ~~ <lfu:~' . : · '. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ " f i l ~ ~ < l ' P ! <ITT I
~~'3-~ I ' . ii ..·i·~ ~ ~~J'!T~ ~91:T •em-~~~ , vi
; iil ...~· IS~~~ ~I~~~ l:51~RJq /5<!>
ES ( ~)-~~ ffl:
1

~':1D'll \51-
~~
~ l ~~ ~~~· l~~~~~~~<l<'IT~I
Cl1ra' 'iBiC<iC•H:1 \5[~ ~~
1v. ~<1Abcm, -i:!Ji~1'sf&¥.->f <IT ~,~cai,1<l5i~c.,ffi{li .,,~1 'l"ff ~
v:.'5[~~~ ~<l>m, ~ M91\5~ I ~~ ~ ~
! vi

. .~ ·C ~ ~.~OITT:<f Pf~~ I
ES ( ~)-I® ffl: .
Sf(

i.

ii,

iii.

iv

\I.
\I'I,

\Iii.
 1
~ ~~~-1~~·- ·-· ier-1~., ~
~ ~. -.-.~ -~ =-~ ~~~~I-(~ . . . I

~ ~- . -.-.-. . . .€S' )4 ~= -·- ·-· -·- ·- · - · -·- · - · -· - · -

. ~j ff) 4f fl=
~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ Gnathosniata l!l~ ~ -:fl!i
a-~ ~ 1<.QTT,
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Agi1ath omorphi .fl t~ 'lftl:fJ ~'l>fCt'l~ ~ ~Rurf~
~ cq"<(f ~rn I A"~ ~r
~~J :llt 91 ~ , ~= Myxini I!!~ Cephalaspid 1

IT~~~~~ <11'\t ~C f~ m ~:
,M.Yxini: ·l!l~ ~.!
(ha gfis h)
Gnath osmata qfu r'i!!lfctr.'5 ~ 1 ~ Q./f:

~ 1 l ! l ~ ~ "1'"7 (Slime e
e l ) ~ ~~ ~"111' ~ I l!lm ·
~
~ I Chondri chthyes
~n~Ja q; ~f~ 1 ~ ,1 Actinopterygii
~ ~ -.:,'qi'\<11i~ '51 ~ ~"' )-~ ~ ~ I Sarcopterygii
l!l"if~f-fzj>j~~ ~9 1:
ComM , '1J:il ~?\T5f . 13 8 I Amphibia
1. l!l"ift ~ ~ ~ ~ Q- I Reptilia
~~~, I!:) I Aves
~ ~ ., ~ bl~CIS!ll!?i
ii. ~ ~ ' , ·~ · C\ I Mammalia
l!l~ qff, ~ 'lftl:fJ ~
~ff, I i5f~ ~ Cho ndri chthyes,
~~I
C'i5 Qjef?fo 'l_TT>, .:2lr<f>IB" <l
5-15 ~ I Actinopterygii \!l<I~ Sarcopterygii
iii. ~ ~ ~ , l ~ ~ phibia ~ Q5ef~ Ri-1
·\ ! I ~ ~ ~ ~ l!l<f>ro' ~~ f.irn ~ I Am
iv. ~ ~ (notochord) l!l<r~ \!l<f>TT, ~ (R<'m)
.flt<1110Rfiirz 1ifr, i51Jlf@rr ( ~ )
1

(nural tu be )~ I ~ c~c.:Jl>tl.>J ~ R I Rep

tilia <fr ~? f
,f.rnr • I~
f~ ' < f i ~
~ I
V. 9f ra ~ ~ ~ ; ~~~<I ~~ ~ef'l>fC~~ ~ (R<1
1f) ~" Rm <! ~ ~rrr-m
~ ~
ffi ~ Gl>t4,4~1c<1 ~ .flt<1110Rf.fe 1 ~ ~
: : T• >) 'J
~I
DRJ' .:?1C<l>i0F<1f-rz
vi. ~ ;;lq~iS§i~ ~' ii" •
~ ~ ; C>tRit<l<il~ ~ ; m ~C<t>i0Mf-Tz ~91 '5 ~ 1 Av es~ Qjef91'5~ c~ c--11>1:-1
~ ~ ( ~ ) 13 'ffe' ~
(f.l.-rn"),
~ ~ 10 ~ I ~ Qj~ O ~ m ~ :
<IT ~
~ ~ ~ ,l < fi R . 'i5 f-l~ I Mammalia
f'iTl!li! I ' vii. l! l~ ~ c\ t. ~ ~ .~ ~ ~~~ ~ <.!IV"Br
·
1 N -~ ~~~ i5f~ ~ ·Plc->i,~ <1> ·,(3

5 'i)Wi . ~ l-f'"tT ~ I
91i<iC~l~IRi ~ (Jl~P:ITTTI
I

~ : Myxine glutin,osa (Gli'

G<1if.U<t> ~ ~ ), E,ptatretus
~~-~o~~
stoutii ( ~ ~~ ~f fl) , ~ ~ ,
~ ~ <.!l~ ~ ~~ ~
I
' ~;:;p1 j''.~~ ~
~ /:,
Cep hal asp ido mo rph i: l!I~ G!!lfc @ ~
'
~ri:frn<:f\5 . :
qn°1 7' I ~ '8 ~9f1%rnR -TTfflf ~ I
~ 91T~ ~ ~ I · (cl >) ~~ ? \ .
(la mp rey )~~ <ITTf ~~ ~
.

?
~ ~ ~I ~ ('() Gl~UtjR,>t~ ~~~~
~ ~~ '4'5 ~ '@ -~ .'6 ~ ~ ~
<.!l~ ~ ~ I <.!Im ff l, ~ ~ ;) · .('l'f) ·~ ~~ <.lf 9fCcfu~ •Hi'e><l>lm
~~ ~ <I>@

~~~ ~}I '<3 ~'1 1'< 31

<.lf : 9fCcfu ~ ~
Ci5R<mf <.!l<R ~. .,~ R ic ~~ 13 '
5f~
f (~) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .
<.!JV'Bf ~~ ~ <.!l<f~ <.!I m~
<I T~ ~)
~I~~~ . ~'fll
~I~ ~9 t'~ <ff ~~~
.O I T T : ~ : ~ ~ .

f: '
~ ~ I <.!19 zaji l'zP lill ~9 ll'M ~ ~l:fJ ~ ~
~
.

~~~1: . ~-C<l<irl.l<f>i1,
~,~-W ~~ ~ . <.!l<f~ ~ :, I ~ ~ <.!l~ <.!j"<f>ff, ~~
~ m ~..,
~ ~'F-, ~
I.
. ; <.!l<r~ ffl ~ ~~~ ~,
~ ~~ ~ isr~~->j_Cil! ~
.
13 -I0 0v 1R ifil 'G1 ~~ ~~ 1 I
<rr ~ 9IVI
ii. ~ cmwr~i~ '@-"ITTf -e ~~ ~;< .!!< !>f f,
' . HS. (~) -\!R T-:
C<!5IT ~ ~
~ $c\rn ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~Ri->il~JC<I>
I
"> fT ~'G ~~·~ ~
~ ~ (buccal funei) <.!l.'R ~
iii. 9ITTl"!i5 '2/T~ ~ ~ ~ . l<lfirf ~~ Gftff~V'f 15T'l'f ~ -qffi, ~
, ~ ~ \'.3 ~
~ 'J. -~ C<fi<;llfflrl'li& ~ ~
I
~ ~ <fC<1 I ~ , ~
~ ~ ~ '2/T fi
c ~ '2/Tctt ~ ~ <.!l'<fi ~ ~
<.!l<f~ •
:<!>?Wf <.!l<f~ ~ o .~
iv. ~ ~ ~~ 15NZ
' I ~~c-MT-qffi1
~~fii'@q~I
V. 91R i"~ ~ ~
; GfG1 ~9¥1 '<f,?f1'fi,<f,r ~ Q[fr<fi I
Kf ( 'l'f)-<!lif ~ :
· ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Platyhelminthes
~f u;j -7 1;~ 1 ~ 91t:'<fi ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ' r l l; 9fC<fu ~ rn)-
vi.
c'ff5f -i1'1T <fl DJT~[ ~ ~ •Hli&<fil~
~I ~ l!I~
vii . ~ '2/T~, ~ ~
, iS\lqrlbC <!), GIJIC~IPiU'
'czji<fm \'.3 ~ c t ~m ~=
~~ , fu ~ ~' {3
~I
:> . ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ $ c t t ;
, Enl osp hen us trid enta tus, q 6T"'iT I
~ : Petromy=on m~r inus ~ < f l ~ ~ 9fVJ-Gl~hl~IC
•Geotria australis. . . > (ci liated epid erm is) ~
~- ~ PJM{ll'l'1 c ! l ~
.f!T9TIIT fs'il fs'il f<t>'@fflcf>ci1 (cut icle ) l!I ~ I ·
i5!io~ , ~~ ~ ~
Agnatha I.® 151?h~
.
"!~ I
~< !> lm ;C f~ ~m . . .......................... :......................... ..
. ._, p "--.........................
ART.3 {'!N JII I~~ ~~I~)
. )
 ~.-
, 8.
Q'.

'1::i :

l °'.
\;.

~-

g(~)~ffl: .
~: pjQ,Y~IPl(}'l,~ ~ ~~ - Pi(}i1~f<l~'i -wr ~cfro ~
1. Taenia solium ( ~ ~ ) ~ ~~ ~ ~HfGc<t> (~1c->V1P1'4) ~ ~IS q'i'<fnc
Fascia/a hepatica ( ~ )
C~C.>JIISl~j., ~~~I~ ~'C'1T <l'~frl\'.3 9£01l<!>i<.IZ~
II

ii. Dicrocoelium dendriticum ( ~ N'~i1_)i'ii)

<lT '1~WIR~I~ ~ ~ ~IC->V/P1'4C<l> Jf"'9[cf ~ <i>ITi rlf 1

v. Schistosoma mansohi ( ~ ~ )
~ Nematoda; Rotifera, Kinorhy~cha .:i:l'rNl ~'1~~ -'.!l19W

~m, ~ ~ ~ffl" ~ ~ IS · fi'~ ~

<r<Jl <!i>C~ Annelida \!!<!~ Arthropoda ~ •Hl1$<l'lm -~ I · J!S_(~)-1®~:
~ Anneli da -e Arthropoda~ ~l:ff ~ ~~~ : ~ICi:lC<t>i:l ~ ~~ i5Mf~ -~ ~ , IS ~ <!i<r-. ~
f.mr ~. . ,, _·_ .· ...
Annelida 91-f .~
Art.hoj},:,da.
.. .
91.f ·
. ., ..
' '• ~ ' @ ~ I~~ Actinopterygii ~ ~-::i& I ~
~ 'G!T~rnr ~ ~ ~ I!!~ i 5 W ~ ~'Chondric hthyes.~ ~ Acfinopterygii 1

~~ ~ ~l:fr ~ ~ ~ =
\!)~~

~~<!>ffi~I
~91'~
~I
-s~Glfondrichthyes1~
~-~ .· .·'': .. .4..fia♦fiif~ . . -
GO l♦fG1.1l:"iC'GRl f@f
-
~~~~ -~~c~
~. ~<l>$li1

~-~
! ?'_'
~'ll&:~
~ ~
~~~~ I
Nm 'J'!Tlffi!t[\5 ~~ ' ~
-
'1_"1 1~~~I --
if;- ,-.· ~ < I T ~ ~ ~ ~f9;
;:
. -~
~~-
8.~ ' ~ I ~ ~~~~I ~ ~
<t-i~ft~~rn P!fij ' ' f¾F, I =-::
(Setae) ~<IT <rm 1 - -~-~ ~~~; ~~~; ~ \

8, ~-:-9fM.U'
~~1Si5l'~
i5l'~
C~~UCi:ll>il~"! 1
~I
~ C~C>ll>ii~ ---
1

Q.~~
~-0. ~~~ ~ ~ ~
~
~,

~
~-~
'\.~~ ~1 ·
'rr.~

~-~
~~

~ ~ ' < l W -1

~-~
( opercuium) fi,CTr~
'@~
G!J 1c,iif.rn1 1
<!fu~'<fci,1
----
~

----
~'8 :-
~o.~
Eusphyran blochii Tenualosa ilisha
.. .. I•

- - - - - - ·················~ ~

··•·•·················. ······················•··
(~~I) (~ )
PART-3 (~li!RS~♦ ~ ) ·•······················•············· .. ...
 _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . -· _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _. . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ .
~ MIMM~~ ~ . il I '<3 r.tj ftllf<l "'.1H>t
~ ~.,~~JG\!) . _ .· >!ISf"i -, ~
-il . . .
·\
~ : : : <Oaf en~-, •=~,~-~~~~~~,---~~~-~~~=-~ ~~--=~-~~=a· "-'"' ~J."'-"",-1 • <i>Jl!.'IH"'11"1 1"11'1"1"1
~ (Binomial
"1~<1"1 of,.,,,..,.,..,.,. ""l<l'IU T1)I~ _

f~ ~ -..<fif<IP"IZ -fffq)" ~ Myxini ~ N~., ~1"1<1•'f$ ~qt ~ ~ 1 t.!lm' ~cf · ,

1I1 Aves G!lfcm ~ I ! ! ~ ~ -fffq)" ~Mammalia~ Nomenclature System) •H1:lf ~ t.!l f.rnlf ~ ~ 1

~1 I!! ~ · ~~ ~ -~ -~ ~M~ <!>Pre~ ~rTl:<m ~ i!'i!ffl -r~ -ffe' 13f~"r '<trt<fi <rm ,Zf'</'Iiffl' 'fief (genus) .rm
L!l~ ~ -~ - c~:f~ ~ · ~ ~ t.!l~ 1
m t.!l<I~ fiRi'hrffl' ~ (species) -rm '>fCf .rrru .:i'.f'<m Gf'lr?f ~~~ 1

~fiifzl->i"{~ ~,-r~r ~r: <1~Mm ~ '5f'Irt'i1 l!l<IZ .z~ff5 .rr-r..rn 13ff"iT~ ~~ ~ .M ~

M'-.'xini ~~: . ~ I t.!l\5rc<J ½_it' "'ffrfu.r -rr ~"tRmfi§ <'ffrft,;r "17-t ~ .?ff~
-
1 -f~cm ~'ltifbt<t> N~ ~ c t <flff 1

L ~'511~~1M~'i,~~~~ . ~ ~ I
ii . ~~~t.!l~t>l~CisTli,;il~~I
~~ ~~ A ~ Urochordata I t.!1?i' C<!P'rzJuifff ~=
iii. ~~ -i9ltN ~ Q-~Q ~~~~I i. ft'@RPJ--1 f.1()1~ <!~ (o"J'M , •Hvff1tt , ~ , ~) ~
iv. m'>1W"l"l~ ~-'<!M ~ ~ 1 (tunic) '\5ff<RICC'f ~ 13f~ I
V. ~ ~ -9fl~~Mf<1~4; ~ ~ < ! > ~ ~ - ; i r 1 ii. ~ ; 91B!ct\5 ~rcit "I!T'<!m ~ 'Gfra-rr.a,r J:~ ~rr.<JT
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '\5f@ c~ R"6<'f &'l<i •I ,rrq;r
vi. ~ '11'61 i;;poff ~ I
<f,@ , mc'ffi5f~~I
· Aves~~~~:
. , . ,.,:- ;' :::' . iii. ~ ~ '\5f~V"r -=riUf<!SiS ·-8 ~~ ~ ~ ; ?n~
i. ~ ~ (feather)-1!1 ~ ; ~ ~ t.!l<f~ 'S' ~.l;tfyi,1,1. . ~ ~ '8 ~ 9flV"[IWi5 (resorbed ) ~ I
· ii. csrnff'l "il~f<i~.H ~ (beak)-"5 9\fuct\5 ~ 1 .. . . iv. c'ffi5Rf Q i ~ ~ ~ ' 8 ~~I'lfi'l?5 ~~ ~~?ii
'><R'6
'iffi~¥f'8.:f (ganglion) t.!l 9ITTl'ct\5 ~ 1
~
iii. ~ -~ - ~ ~~ ,:ffl" 'i5RT (Wing)-~
. .
~~ V. ~ ~~ ~ ~ ; ~~ ~ C"18Pu) 1i:ii-1'1

,"iii I (reverse persistal~is) ·~ <Tm · ~ ~ ~ ~

1v 15ITl:-!?V'IT ~~9I_'l (pneumati'~) '8 ~.~ ~ -.~ ~c-'G1ftic<1> ~9!~ ~ ffl 1
~q@i I
<!!~~~~I .. . vi . ~ ; ~1--lbC<!!> 'imsc9!M (tadepole) ~ i:41~1 "T"IT
v. ~>i~CJi9 ~ 91T'5o'ff ~ (air sac) ~ ~ ; :~ ~,
~~~~(syrinx)~i ···-CPl '1 vii ..~ ~91' ~~ (retrogressive metamorphosis) ~
'\5f'<!f~ ~ C<lfim ~00~ ~ '\5l$ <f,@ I

~ <Tm I
0
viii.~ -~ ?;>o
i. ~~<fr t . ! l ~ ~ c \ t ; ~ -~~~l!l<f~ --
·· . : . ;~ ,g(~)-~~:
~ - \ ! ! ~.(fwr~)1
erygii ~ C ~ vertebrata
_~ 9fl<!> A '8 B ~ ~ <.!ii
ii. ~ mm~ ~ ~ (mammary gland) •~ '
Urochordata l!l<f~ Cephalochordata I C, A t.!l<!~ B ~ i%:'f
'lf-R!~ >1 i'9'i,Ni .:i<11STl~<t> ~ ~ J· ·. :_ ·, . . ::;:nf!i..l . · ffl"f: .
· iii . ~<l>C'T M,_TT (pinna) '8 .i~cf ~ :~alfl~ I CDrnM' i. Urochordata <!!~ Cephalochordata '@-9191 -!~i& <!SC'6bC"i~
[1N,ij ~ ~ I ,, <1<'fT ~ 'i5l'ffef <f>Ci5iJ(G:?:liC'Gl<t>C'61' I 151,,1Jf'1C<t> Vertebrata~VTT
<f>Ci5i,
,v ~~~~mm '<f>'cmfu' ~~i '>!'IT:'<!~ '<!rt<fi ,· I
1· - _ ,_ _ _

. . • I
. ·-~- - . . I

~,~ ~ I . .. . . . . , '
v -l'f~~ ~1wg·1_~::(diaphragm) <TT a l ' ~ ~ <f'll' '8 ffl j
ii . A '8 B~~~~ I Vertebrata ~ ~ ,
iii. A t-'5 ·~ ~ -lt , B 'C\5 ~ ~ · ~7'<!Si5 <ji
~ ~ ~ c~ 91"61~ ~ ~ 1 Ve11ebrata
vi. ~ ~ C f I
l!l~ ~ ~ < I T ~Q>'il~l.l{l <l>C•1Q><f>lf<tf.rz ~'{) 'ITTT
vii. ~iey91~ ~ct m ~ 1 . ~<f\51 .
iv. A l!l~~~~~~'8 Cl.!l~~~~<R~<!';ii I
ll-tl1l--1Pll!.~ ~-~O~~ .
v. Vertebrata "5 ~m <.!1~ R,~~ ~ ~ < I > @ <IT A
Chordata t.!l<I~ B "5 W<j_~ I -

A
t
B
t C (Vertebrata)
l vi. ~ NCTT Vertebrata ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ij:, ~
·"'flo'j<fi, ~ . fir~. m ~~ ~ 1 ~ A 13
1

s
,

("')~.fit? t.!l~'f.G'IT i5fi;[~ _I

(~)~-~~~°$r~? vii .. Vertebrata~ ~o-~~ ~ ~ ; m i : ~ 1<IT A 13 B
(~)~~'A'--!Rf"1f-iwJ~'lffl ·(Xi 15fil9l~ I .

('t) ~ ~ C, A ~ B ~~f.w.lllct 'lff I . viii . Vertebratal'5C~~~BC'5C~~~I

ix. A '8 B C'5 <!"'1<1>1 ~ ~ I ~ C C'5 ~~ ~ ~
,g ("°)-!!Rf~: """""""" ·11'!'l·,,_, ~ ~ ~ ~ 13 ~
.. ,-.-~·,13 olc=;,ct=
~ ~ ~vflfB<!S~l<i\ '8 ~~ lf~ ~ ~A zj ~ R f '<!CU' I
~ C"lffict1P.rni.:i- ~ GJT<rnCf ~ ~ ~ I · · '@~ ~ ~ <1'7T -~ , C, A c!l<R B ~ ~ <.!!<R ~ 1

·p. . . . . . . . .. .. ..:. ·: . .. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . _.... . . . . . . ... . ... . . . . . . .:. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . ,.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

ART-3 [~l{IN,M<l> ~ ] . - · ~ -~)