1.

a. A food chain shows how energy is transferred from one living organism to another food.

b:

(i) ocean, forest, junggle,….

(ii) Phytoplankton

(iii) Prey: Phytoplankton , Krill

Predator: Krill , Baleen whale

(iv) the arrow present for the food that the cosumer eat

2.

a. Hawk

b. Hawk

c. Grasshopper, Toad, Garter snake, Hawk

d. Grass, Grasshopper, Garter sanke, Hawk

e.

3. In a food chain only around 10 per cent of the energy is passed on to the next trophic level. The rest
of the energy passes out of the food chain in a number of ways: it is used for life processes (eg
movement) faeces and remains are passed to decomposers.

4. Because biomass decreases with each trophic level, there are always more autotrophs than
herbivores in a healthy food web. There are more herbivores than carnivores.

5. The decomposer has decmposed the death fish so Tom can’t find the death fish

6.

7. Plants benefit by absorbing the nutrients contained in the dead and waste matter.