Name: Mark Janssen D.

Custodio Date: ____________

Course/ Year/ Section/ Group: Group 1- BSN1A Rating:
MC 3 (Lab)
Experiment No. 9
Sterilization and Disinfection
Objectives:
1. Learn to use different sterilizers and disinfecting agents,
2. Differentiate Bacteriostatic from bactericidal agents, and
3. Discuss the function and uses of commonly used physical methods of sterilization and
commonly used chemical agents.
Materials:
Autoclave
Disinfecting agents
Procedure:
1. Procedure on how to use autoclave (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dlDf8HiiQw)
2. Disinfecting procedure (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgFc4t_eOcs)
Question: (Use other paper to answer questions)
1. Define the following:
a. Sterilization
b. Disinfection
c. Sanitization
d. Antisepsis
e. Bacteriostatic
f. Bactericidal agents
2. What is thermal death time?
3. What is the best technique in preventing the spread of infection?
1. Define the following:
a. Sterilization refers to the complete elimination and destruction of all living organisms present on a
surface, object, or fluid. This process can be accomplished using various methods such as heat,
chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration.
b. Disinfection is different from sterilization in that it aims to reduce the number of harmful
microorganisms present on a surface or object rather than eliminating all microorganisms.
Disinfection may not necessarily kill all microorganisms, but it lowers their numbers to a level that is
considered safe.
c. Sanitization involves reducing germs on a surface or object to a safe level, as determined by public
health standards or regulations. For example, food facilities such as restaurants must follow specific
sanitizing procedures to ensure that their products are safe for consumption.
d. Antisepsis is the use of chemicals to completely eliminate all bacteria from living tissues or skin,
thereby preventing the transmission of infections or diseases.
e. Bacteriostatic substances are chemicals or biological agents that inhibit the growth and
reproduction of bacteria but do not necessarily kill them.
f. Bactericidal agents are substances that can kill bacteria outright. Interestingly, some conditions
previously thought to require bactericidal agents have been treated successfully with bacteriostatic
medications, such as chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and linezolid, which have been used to treat
endocarditis, meningitis, and osteomyelitis.

2. What is thermal death time?

The time necessary to sterilize a specific substance or material at a specified temperature is referred to
as thermal death time. It is the amount of time required to kill all of the microorganisms contained in a
sample when it is exposed to a specific temperature.
Several factors influence thermal death time, including the type of microorganisms, temperature, and
the substance being sterilized. It is a critical idea in the food and medical industries, where
sterilization is required to prevent the growth of potentially hazardous germs that can cause illness and
disease.
The thermal death period for major foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella and E. coli, for example,
is approximately 30 minutes. coli takes around 10-15 minutes at temperatures of 70°C (158°F) or
above. The thermal death time is an important issue in medical settings for sterilizing medical devices
and equipment to avoid the spread of infectious diseases.

3. What is the best technique in preventing the spread of infection?

Hand hygiene is one of the most critical methods for preventing the spread of infection. Washing your
hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds on a regular basis can help eradicate germs and
viruses from your skin.