;.

[uhstjdo ;
Plh quhstjdos jo tljs qujz krh hxkmpch prdfchms tlkt ydu wjcc chkro td koswhr jo erhkthr `htkjc
kathr ydu ajojsl tlh hotjrh bdursh. Adr odw, wh wjcc bdosj`hr ldw td hxprhss k strkthey ks k
bdmfjoktjdo da rhkc dptjdos, k``joe hchmhots da ekmh tlhdry. Plhsh krh rhachbtjvh dpho
quhstjdos ko` tlh adbus js do ydur tlduelt prdbhss, rktlhr tlko do ydu prdvj`joe tlh hxkbt skmh
koswhr ks tlh koswhr slhht. Plh quhstjdos wjcc prdvj`h ydu wjtl k ajrst jotujtjdo do ldw @BA,

Vhkc Dptjdos ko` Ekmh Plhdry bko fh kppcjh`.

Vhkc Dptjdos jo Qhoturh Bkpjtkc

Vhkc dptjdos rhahr td bldjbhs do wlhtlhr ko` ldw td prdbhh` wjtl fusjohss jovhstmhots. Vhkc
dptjdos kokcysjs ejvhs mkokehmhot tlh achxjfjcjty td `hbj`h td `hcky, hxpko`, kfko`do dr
rhpdsjtjdo jovhstmhots. Cjih ajokobjkc dptjdos, rhkc dptjdos lkvh vkcuh uo`hr uobhrtkjoty.
@hpho`joe do tlh rhsdcutjdo da uobhrtkjoty jo tlh auturh, mkokehmhot lks tlh bldjbh ‒ fut odt
tlh dfcjektjdo ‒ td hxhrbjsh jts dptjdos.

Ko hxkmpch jovdcvhs k vhoturh bkpjtkcjst `hbj`joe wlhtlhr td ajokobh tlh ohxt stkeh jo k stkrt-
up.Jo dr`hr td `hkc wjtl uobhrtkjoty tlh jovhstdr stkehs tlh jovhstmhots jo K, F, ko` B rduo`s ks

js sldwo fhcdw.

Dfshrvh tlkt, ardm k rhkc dptjdos phrsphbtjvh, hkbl rduo` js ko dptjdo wlhrh tlh jovhstdr bko eht
kbbhss td tlh ohxt dptjdo, wljbl wjcc docy fh pursuh` jt ja jt js akvdrkfch td `d sd. ^chksh `hsbrjfh
tlh erdwtl dptjdos vkcuh da stkeh` ajokobjoe uo`hr uobhrtkjoty ks k rhkc dptjdo.

Rtkrtups krh rhkccy rjsiy kt tlh fhejoojoe. Fhbkush aokobjoe dr k stkrtup js kcsd ucc d rjsi, jt
wjcc fh `jvj`h` jotd `jhrhot plkshs. Plhrh krh usukccy 0 plkshs ks jo tlh `jkerkms. Plh rjsi
d cdss wjcc fh cdwhr ks tlhy krh mdvjoe rdm stkrtup aokobjoe td K rduo`, F rduo` ko` B
rduo`. Khr hkbl plksh/rduo` js rhvjhwh` ko` jt js sksah`, tlh stkrt-up bko ksi dr mdrh
bkpjtkc rdm jovhstdrs jo tlh ohxt rduo`. Adr hxkmpch, F rduo` ehohrkccy tkihs pckbh wlho
tlh bdmpkoy lks kbbdmpcjslh` bhrtkjo mjchstdohs jo `hvhcdpjoe jts fusjohss ko` js pkst tlh
jojkc stkrtup stkeh.

Plh erdwtl dpdos vkcuh d tlh burrhot jovhstdrs js td rhkcjzh erdwtl vkcuh jo tlhjr
jovhstmhot wlho tlh rhvjhw subbhssuc. J tlh rhvjhw js odt di, jt mhkos tlh stkrtup lks
kjch`, tlh jovhstdrs `d odt lkvh td bdoouh tlh jovhstmhot jo tlh stkrtups ko` dccdw tlh
prh`hbj`h` thrms( `hhr tlh jovhstmhot uoc rhvjhw js di, kfko`do jovhstmhot dr bdoouh
td jovhst kt k prh`hthrmjoh` prjbh).

6. Erdwtl Dptjdo Qkcuh jo k Rhrjkc Kbqujsjtjdo Rtrkthey

Jo 6>>;, \strktk wks k odo`hsbrjpt Rwjss-cjsth` ahrrdblrdmh ko` zjob fusjohss kttkblh` td
Echobdrh, k mhtkcs trk`joe ldush. Rufshquhotcy \strktk bdmpchth` k shrjhs da kbqujsjtjdos,
jobcu`joe Echobdrh‚s bdkc ksshts jo 6>>69 MJM ‒ tlh Kustrkcjko bdkc, bdpphr ko` zjob erdup ‒ jo
6>>29 tlh Pjotkyk bdpphr mjoh jo ^hru, k doh-tljr` slkrh da tlh Bhrrhgdo bdkc mjoh jo Bdcdmfjk
ko` tlh kbqujsjtjdo da Akcbdofrj`eh jo Bkok`k, kcc jo 6>>1. Jo tlh sldrt tjmh spko da ajvh yhkrs,
tljs gdurohy trkosadrmh` \strktk ardm k mjodr jotd k mkgdr mjohr.
mjohr. Plhsh trkoskbtjdos whrh pkrt
da ko kbqujsjtjdo strkthey iodwo ks –fuy-ko`-fujc`,” jo wljbl ko hqujty jovhstdr jojtjkccy
uo`hrtkihs k –pcktadrm” kbqujsjtjdo jo ko jo`ustry ko` tlho chvhrkehs bdrh bdmphthobjhs dr
haajbjhobjhs dotd adccdw-do kbqujsjtjdos jo k frdk`hoh` ehderkpljbkc fksh. Plh edkc da subl k
strkthey js tkrehth` jo`ustry bdosdcj`ktjdo.

Uljch jo`jvj`ukc jovhstmhot dppdrtuojtjhs bko fh vjhwh` ks sjmpch rhkc dptjdos, k shrjkc
jovhstmhot strkthey bko fh vjhwh` ks k blkjo da rhkc dptjdos. Plh hkrcy `hkc jo tlh blkjo
rhprhshots k bdmpduo` rhkc dptjdo7 jt js k rhkc dptjdo tlkt brhkths k sufshquhot rhkc dptjdo (j.h.
tlh uo`hrcyjoe kssht da tlh ajrst dptjdo js tlh ohxt dptjdo jt brhkths). Pry td bdosj`hr k pcktadrm
kbqujsjtjdo ko` adccdw-do kbqujsjtjdos ks k blkjo da rhkc dptjdos ko` `hsbrjfh wlkt `rjvhs tlhjr
(dptjdo) vkcuh.

Ulho k arm kbqujrh kodtlhr arm, jt usukccy wkots td hxpko` jts fusjohss vjk kbqujsjdos
josthk` d fujct-jo.

Plh rhkc dpdo jo lhrh js rhhbt vjk tlh dpdo td `hhr dr hxkmpch, `hhr `dmhsb

hxpkosjdo dr jothrokdokc hxpkosjdo j tlh `dmhsb mkriht jso't k edd` bldjbh. Dr tlh
dpdo td kfko`do dr `hhr dr hxpko` ehderkpljb mkrihts.
Fuy kbqujrjoe kodtlhr arm, tlh rhkc dpdo js ko josobt vkcuh wlho bdmpkrh` td fujct-jo
dphrkdo.

2. Xo`hrstko`joe Hxpko`h` O^Q

Ulkt krh tlh bdmpdohots da ko hxpko`h` O^Q da k pcktadrm kbqujsjtjdo4

0. Bkcbucktjoe ^rhshot Qkcuh da Erdwtl Dppdrtuojtjhs

Ujtl tlh –mkriht mhtld`” wh bko fkbi dut tlh mkriht‚s phrbhptjdo da strkthejb erdwtl dptjdo
vkcuh ardm slkrh prjbhs. Koy vkcuh tlkt js hmfh``h` jo k bdmpkoy‚s mkriht vkcuh ko` bkoodt fh
rhbdobjch` adr fy tlh vkcuh da jts ksshts jo pckbh rhprhshots tlh vkcuh da jts erdwtl dppdrtuojtjhs.
Ruppdsh tlkt tlh mkriht vkcuh (slkrh prjbh muctjpcjh` fy dutstko`joe slkrhs) da tlh bdmpkoy
hqukcs $<> fjccjdo. Plh vkcuh da ksshts jo pckbh da tlh bdmpkoy, hstjmkth` ks tlh `jsbduoth`
vkcuh da hkrojoes uo`hr k od-erdwtl pdcjby, hqukcs $8> fjccjdo.

Hstjmkth tlh strkthejb erdwtl dptjdo vkcuh (kcsd iodwo ks tlh prhshot vkcuh da tlh erdwtl
dppdrtuojtjhs, dr ^QED) adr tljs bdmpkoy.

Plh prhshot vkcuh da tlh erdwtl dppdrtuojtjhs js tlh `jaahrhobh fhtwhho tlh mkriht vkcuh da tlh
bdmpkoy ko` tlh `jsbduoth` vkcuh da hkrojoes uo`hr k odw-erdwtl pdcjby wljbl vkcuh
rhsphbtjvhcy kt <> fjccjdo ko` 8> fjccjdos. Plkt mkihs tlh prhshot vkcuh da tlh erdwtl
dppdrtuojtjhs ko` strkthejb vkcuh adr tljs bdmpkoy krh krduo` 2> fjccjdos.

8.[uhstjdo 8
Vhkc Dptjdo td @hahr jo tlh Djc Jo`ustry

Jo 6>;6 tlh bdmpkoy Krtjb Djc bdothmpckths td stkrt hxpcdrktjdo `rjccjoes jo Odvk Rbdtjk. Pljs
kccdwh` tlhm td jovhst k cjmjth` kmduot jo 6>;6 td phradrm jojtjkc hxpcdrktjdos fhadrh auccy
jovhstjoe jo 6>;8 k bdmpchth `rjccjoe pcktadrm ko` stkrt prd`ubtjdo. Plkt js, tlhy purblksh` ko
dptjdo do tlh vkcuh da auturh djc prd`ubtjdo.

Mkokehmhot js kokcyzjoe tlh jojtjkc `hbjsjdo jo 6>;6 td stkrt hxpcdrktjdo `rjccjoes. Ks tlhjr
ajokobjkc hxphrt ydu hxpckjo td tlh mkokehmhot da Krtjb Djc ldw jo 6>;6 tlh jojtjkc hxpcdrktjdos
whrh vjhwh` ks dftkjojoe k rhkc dptjdo. Zdu `hbj`h td hxpckjo jt td tlhm usjoe dptjdo tlhdry ko`
`rkw tlhm k erkpl da tlh dptjdo wlhrh tlhy bko `hbj`h td jovhst jo tlh auturh `hpho`joe do tlh
hvdcutjdo da djc prjbhs.

Xsh tlh ajeurh fhcdw td hxpckjo ldw tlh auturh jovhstmhot jo tlh prd`ubtjdo akbjcjtjhs jo 6>;8
`hpho`s do tlh hvdcutjdo da tlh djc prjbh. @rkw tlh tjmh (dptjdo) vkcuh (ks da 6>;6) da tljs pky-daa
jo tlh ajeurh.

- Ardm tlh blkrt, tlh koech d tlh pkyd js 08d, jt mhkos dr ; fubi urtlhr jovhst jo 6>;8
tlh dpdo pkyd js ; fubi mdrh.
- Plh rhkc dpdo jo tljs jovhstmhot js dpdo j tlh bdmpkoy `dhso't wkot td bdoouh jovhst
j tlh djc prjbh js cdw, dr tlhrh krh odt ks mubl djc ks jt wks hxphbth`.

1.[uhstjdo 1
Vhkc Dptjdos ko` tlh Vhsdcutjdo da Xobhrtkjoty

Jo 6>;6 tlh bdmpkoy Krtjb Djc stkrth` hxpcdrktjdo `rjccjoes jo Odvk Rbdtjk, fksh` do ydur
kokcysjs. Plkt js, tlhy purblksh` ko dptjdo do tlh vkcuh da auturh djc prd`ubtjdo jo 6>;8.

Jo tlh yhkrs. 6>;6 uotjc 6>;8, tlh djc jo`ustry lks fhho uo`hr prhssurh wjtl prjbhs `rdppjoe
sjeojajbkotcy. Ulkt lkpphoh` wjtl tlh vkcuh da tlh dptjdo4
jt hqukcs zhrd, fhbkush tlh djc prjbh `rdpjoe, sd tlh prdghbt wjcc fh pdstpdoh`.

5. Plh Qkcuh da Mjojoe Dptjdos Xo`hr Ljel Xobhrtkjoty

Adr k cdoe tjmh tlh djc jo`ustry lk` fhho blkrkbthrjzh` fy ljelcy vdcktjch djc prjbhs. Plh
uobhrtkjoty jo djc prjbhs js datho hxprhssh` ks vdcktjcjty dr `herhh da vkrjktjdo. Plh erkpl fhcdw

prhshots tlh mdotlcy vdcktjcjty da djc prjbhs dvhr tjmh. Plh y-kxjs rhprhshots tlh vdcktjcjty, wljch
tlh x-kxjs rhprhshots tjmh. Jo tlh erkpl tlhrh krh twd `jstjobt phrjd`s, phrjd` ; ko` phrjd` 6.

Bdosj`hr tlh `hvhcdpmhot da ko djc ajhc` ks k rhkc dptjdo.@jsrhekr`joe dtlhr pkrkmhthrs, jo wljbl
phrjd` wduc` tlh rhkc dptjdo vkcuh fh ljelhr4 Hxpckjo ydur koswhr (Ljot7 K ljelhr vdcktjcjty

sueehsts k wj`hr auturh pky-daa `jstrjfutjdo).

Plh ljelhr vdckcjty wjcc mkih tlh rhkc dpdo vkcuh ljelhr ks jt jobrhksh tlh vkcuh.

<. Ekmh Plhdry jo Fj``joe Bdothsts

Bdosj`hr k pjhbh da cko` jo wljbl fdtl k akrmhr ko` k prdghbt `hvhcdphr krh jothrhsth`. Plh
prdghbt `hvhcdphr wkots td fuy tlh pjhbh da cko` sd tlkt lh bko ush jt adr tlh `hvhcdpmhot da k
rhkc hstkth prdghbt, subl ks k ckreh sldppjoe mkcc. Plh akrmhr wkots td fuy tlh pjhbh da cko` td
fujc` ljmshca k ohw ldmh9 lh wduc` cjih td sljat ardm ljs dc` cko`, sjobh lh cjihs tlh
ohjelfdrldd` da tlh ohw cko` fhtthr. Fdtl fj``hrs kssjeo `jaahrhot vkcuhs adr tlh pjhbh da cko`
fksh` do tlhjr pckos.

Jo ko kbqujsjtjdo, ldw bko tlh akbt tlkt tlh fj``hrs lkvh `jaahrhot pckos wjtl tlh tkreht kaahbt tlh
dutbdmh da tlh fj``joe ekmh ko` tlh kbqujsjtjdo prhmjum4

Plh prdghbt `hvhcdphr wjcc lkvh mdrh mdtjvhs td put k ljelhr prjbh td kbqujrh tlh cko` fhbkush
lh lks mdrh pckos adr hxpkosjdo tlko tlh akrmhr lks. Adr hxkmpch, lh bko fujc` mdrh stdrhs jo
tlh cko` td lkvh mdrh vkbkot wljch tlh akrmhr docy lks k mdtjvktjdo td fujc` k ldush.

:.K Fj``joe Bdothst ks k Ekmh

Odw bdosj`hr ldw td sdcvh k fj``joe sjtuktjdo usjoe prjobjpchs da ekmh tlhdry. Jo k fj``joe
ekmh, twd bdmphtjoe jovhstdrs (K ko` F) hothr jotd k fj``joe ekmh adr k tkreht fy sufmjttjoe
hjtlhr k ljel fj` dr k cdw fj` adr tlh tkreht bdmpkoy kt tlh skmh tjmh. Plh pkydaa (= vkcuh -
prjbh) jo hkbl sbhokrjd js prhshoth` jo tlh ekmh jo tlh mktrjx fhcdw. Ulkt js tlh fhst strkthey adr
Fj``hr K4 (Ljot ;7 wljbl rdw `dhs Fj``hr K prhahr, ejvho tlh `hbjsjdos Fj``hr F bko mkih4)
(Ljot 67 `hpho`joe do tlh prhahrhobh da Fj``hr K, wljbl bdcumo wjcc Fj``hr F prhahr4).

Plh fj``hr K wjcc prhahr ljel fj`, fhbkush tlh hxphbth` vkcuh da K js ljelhr jo rdw ljel fj`.
Fj``hr F wjcc prhahr cdw fj` fhbkush tlh hxphbth` vkcuh da vkcuh F js ljehr jo bdcumo cdw fj`.