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    0.11228.2: Ergonomics ~ Maal handling — Part Pushing and pulling Plsina I de INTERNATIONAL Iso STANDARD 11228-2 Ergonomics — Manual handling — Part 2: Pushing and pulling Ergonomie — Manutenton menvel — two sano) jador-ite-vS/PrnteraspInr=164434&eéta~. 08/05/20 ‘Yow gedeb.com br/aplicacso/gedweblbrary 0 11228-2; Ergonomics ~ Mania handling ~ art 3: Pushing and pling Pigina 2de 180 11228-2:2007(6) a OF eiciima ~] ‘Rs POF aay conan amet pln In tec th dt cory py, may be js a ne st ‘pote aden pate ch ene went a ieee emp een Sa Eure ptr ser orn Swen rt nh ess kann pac Se So aca amar at de Stn cape St pct tet cote Tor a x nr in rm te FO Sethian proton stg ats tac pare tom he oct eines es oe 2 hn woe, na ebwnies peco. no pa oh ion mod we ay fa yy na, Sicmnt er nants, mesg pateapig th ote wad yorase © wn one 150 Ss Ca 'Soemasortogy ne soy ne maven io wetoe " (tw gedweb.com braplicacaa/gedweb lbrarynedvisualizadorlite-vS/Printeraspas=164434@data~.. 09/05/20 0 11228-2; Ergonomics ~ Manual handling ~ Par2: Pushing and pulliig Pésina3 de 180 11220-2:2007(6) Contents Page Foreword. Intredvetion .. B80 ann 2 Terme and definitions. 3207 inaivi 3248 Work organization. 322° Riek oth 3222 32224 3.2223 Part C—Limbing fore, Fy 32224 PartD — Setey iit Fy. 323 Riskreducton.. ‘Annex A infomnate) Method 4— Pushing a [Annex 8 (oft) Method 2— Spacilized sak estimation a Annex € (rfomative) Risk reduction methods ‘Annex E (informative) Application examples for Mathods 4 2nd 2. ‘Annex F(crmatve) Method for determining combined strength reference grout = Blbtograp HY nnn 12180 NOT Ang ee ‘wwra.gedweb.com.br/aplicacao/gedweblibraryneUvisualizador-lite-vS/Printeraspns=164434dat A oainsion 2 112282: E-gonomicé ~ Mania hanling ~ Par 2: Pung and pling Pigina 4 de 180 41228-2:2007(6) Foreword 150 (he ntrnational Organization for Standardization) fe 8 woréwide federation of rational standards bo (lSO member bodies). The work of preparing Informational Standarss is normally cari’ out trough 150 tochial commitues. Each member body Iisresied In @ subject for which 2 tachnial commitioe hae been eleished has the igh io be represented on thal commits, Intemalinal organizations, governmental ‘and non governmenial, in ison wih 150, also take part the work, ISO colaborate clogs wih the IWveratona Eoceotechnical Commission (EC) ons mators of lacotecnical sandra. Intemational Standards are date in accordance wt the rls ivan inthe ISONEC Directives, Part 2 ‘The mah task of techricalcommitess isto prepare Intemational Standards. Draft Inlemationl Standards dopted by te tecnica! commitess are ciated tothe member bodes for voting. Publcaton as an Intormatonal Standar ques approval by al east 75 of the member bodes cating a vole. ‘Atonior Is crawn too possibity tat some of the elsrmants of hie document may be the subject of fights gO shal not bo had responsible for iaenting sora such patent "hts. 150 11220.2 was prepared by Technical Commits ISO/TC 150, Emonomcs, Subcommtse SC3, ‘Aninepemavy ana Beomecance 180 11228 conse of th folowing pars, under the generale Ergonomics — Manual handing Patt: iting and caning — Pat2: Pushing ad puting — Part: Handling of ow loads at hgh requency a {190007 pa seed wor gedweb com b/aplicacao/sedwebiibrarynet/visualizador lite-vS/Printer.aspns=164434&date= 0905/20 © 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Mail handing - art 2: Pushing and pulling Péigina 5 de 180 11228-2:2007(6) Introduction Pain, (etgue and disorders ofthe musculoshlatal sytem can result from swiward anor forceful manuat handing taks tuch asthe pushing o pling of objects. Musculostoaa! pain and falque can themoales innuorce postural convo! ans icrasse te Iketnood ct hazardous working practices, essing an inarased ‘ik of jury, a wel as ereaucton in preductvy andthe qully of wark output Good sqoramie design ext ‘rove an approach fr avon there adverse ete, This pat of [36 11228 provides two methods for Wentiving the pole! hazards and rsks associated wih wheie-ody pushing and pulling. ts contnt Is based on curtent knowledge tnd urdersanding, of uscuoskalll ra facie ateorntat uth thase hypee of handing Tasker ln edton to prong tgenomios aperoach forthe assessment af pushpul tasks, i proposes recommencaens for reducing the "isk of jury oF heath The assessment and contol of sks associated with otter aspects of manual handing are tobe found in 180 t¥z28-1,150°11228.3 and 80 11226. (180207 Ag reared tor gedweb.com.br/aplicacaa/gedwebibraryned/visualizador-lte-vS/Prinerasp?ns=164434éedate=... 09/05/20 0 11298-2: Ergonomics Maia handling Part 2 Pushing and pulling Pigina 7 de INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 180 11228-2:2007(6) Ergonomics — Manual handling — Part 2: Pushing and pulling 1 Scope This prt of 160 11228 ghee tne recommended lms for whole-body pushing and pug. provides {uldance onthe assessment of Yak factors considered important to mance! pushing and paling, towing the oath risks fe the working populatlon to be evaluated. The recommondations apply t tha heathy edu working popultion and provide resonable protection tothe majority of is populaton. These gudaines are Saeed on experimental shies of pushipul taeke and aeaclaed levels of muscusekeatal beding, \dsconforipat, and endurancefasgue Pushing sn patirg,e8dained in hie pat of $0 11226, roxio te otowing — whole-body ore exertions (La. whe standingvalkng: — scons petermed by one person (handing by two of more people i not pat ofthe sessment, but Some advise i given in Arex C) forces sped by we hands: — tercoe used to move oresian an obec, forces eppie ins smooth and controled way, — ‘ores ppied winout the ue of extemal supped {orcas appied on objects located in rnt ofthe operator, — forces apple in an upright poston (nt sting). ‘This part of 180 11228 I nlndad to provide Infomation for designers, employers, employees and others Invated inthe dongn or rdasign af wok, ask, products ana work organization. 2. Terms atd definitions Forthe purposes ofthis document, the folowing arms and detitions apy pple io stan objectin maton (9. fore required to accelerate the bjet) 22 paling Femae physica oor where the matve forse it In front ofthe bady ond ected owarde the boy th ‘hands or moves bacloards 1 1802007— At ges sat 1 wr. gedweb com brieplicacao/gedweb librarynevvisulizado-lite-vS/Printeraspins-164434&data~.. 0905/20 0 112082: Ergonomic’ ~ Mania banding Pa’ 2: Pushing and pling Pigine 8 de 180 11228-2:2007(6) pushing ‘human physical for where the mote foc is ected othe front of, and away trom, the operators body at the operator stands or moves forward 24 Sustained force force applied to kes vee) 2s Stopping force force appa to being an object 0 rest ‘an object in motion i, force requed to keep the cbjoct at more of lts constant 26 ‘nfavourable environmental conditions Condon that giv fae to aisons risk fury 3 Recommendations 3.4 Avoiding hazardous manual handling tasks Hazardous manual handing tasks shoud be avoided wherever possible, The can be achieved by appropiate \worzplace cr ob design, ae well ae tough mechanizaten or aulamation. For exampe, he manus! pushing {nd puling of heavy objec across a work suriace can be avoided by vaing powered conveyor bets or ‘ravyincines rer vack 32. Risk assessment lst assessment consists ofthe folowing saps: hazard identfcaion, isk esimato, rik evaluation ( ISONEC Guide 5, Forte purposes of his put f ISO 11228, he isk assessment made shown in Figure ts used 2 120207 Ab ad ‘tw zedweb.com.br/apicacao/gedwebllbraryneU visualizador-ite-vS/Printerasp?ne=164434R ata oansna 0 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Manual handing ~ Part 2 Pushing and pulling Péwina 9 de 180 11228-2:2007(6) of Hazard erteaton No obvious L829 hazards | Mazardsprosent | i | Method 1 | Fal cone oe cepa “nae” —] cetera eek fae ee | ven ‘valuion (eve 220 T raovare | oh oe | wei? Reinact | ppc rccgute | ‘Qrelion or ree) a (green) ez) | Figure 1— Riek 324 Hazard Idontifntion Intl forces are used o overcome the obec’ inet, whan stating or changing he deecton of movement. Sustained force are those ured to maintain the movement ofthe object Ital foros aro ual Naver Nan Susaned forces and should theratore, be Kant ia a minimum. Freavet staring, stoping and menoeuving ot Ihe ebjoct shoud be avelded. Smooth coninucus fore srarlons shou! be appted fo the ject avoiding Jerky movements and long duration, sustained frees shoud be avolse, they ereage the rk of muscle cr whoe-body fatigue, 3212 Posture “Te sil to axe a fre is largelydateminad by the posture a person adops. Awkward postures ofen lead to detoased abies for force exerlons and inveased sk tiny fom high load being placed on body Jolt or segments. Te operator should adopt a comfortable and natural pasture when apphing aera (215007 - Ati cand 3 ‘www. gedweb.com be/aplicacan/gedwebibrarynetvisulizador-lt-vS/Prinerasp?ns-164434&datan.. 09/05/20 9 11228-2: Ergomsnies ~ Misa handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and palling Pégina 10 de 180 11228-22007(6) and balanced posture mat Slows th appronon of hafher Body waight tote lose nd thus minimize the forces acing on final compres losdng tnd sagt {tunk postures shouldbe avaded as thoy Inreaso the nk of ry. The load n the ams end shoulders Is lntusnced by posture in relation t tho applied force, which le asa nfuenced by the positon of the hands ‘Torsfore, neha poston snculd not be to high ooo lw nd he hands show net belo cose ogoter ‘eo, the sibows shoud be kept ow ‘Whereas ting holding and caring can load to high comprossv loads onthe operator's umbar spin, the comprossion feces arang fom pushing and pulng are gonraly much lower. Sheer forces, onthe oer ‘hand, tend tobe higher. Cran thre i imted krawlodge about he possbie flcte shea foros on tht ‘sk of back nury and ony afew guideine fours sist on “sat mie for shear forces. For hese reasons ths pat of 180 11228 focuses on compressive forcas only wen proposing sefay inks for puting end pull tasks 32.4.3 Frequency and duration ‘When pushing and puting, both he trequency and ducatlon of the applied force should be considered. Long ‘uratonforesexerbors shoud be avolied (og. by meane of mechanical ais) In order To lmivavid tfecls of musce fatigue. High repave free exersone wal esulh more fequant inal forcas and shoud De 3244 Distince Distances over which operators move objects can vary tom several paces (1 m or 2m) up to many moves, Long distances coupled with high feces and frequent movemants may be fatiguing to the operators The longer te distree, the more fatpuing the movernent may be fora ava foyce exertion level. Long distances ould ivaive rutile covactve movements on tha prt of te operat, aloring he path ofthe obect sno {hus inereasing he force demands and Ihe expostre ofthe operator 0 any er hazards posted bythe wok 3245 Object characteristics Manoouwabiyof th object should be optimize. I the object on whesiicasors, then these shoud be ulabie or he abject (Le. appropriate matrl snd damaler and well maintained. For objet hot whes oF caso, clon should be reduced (eg. surfaces witt low Welonal propedies or rolers should be onaidered). Tho fovea shows be appted gana the objec in sulable and Secure manner (0.9 handles ‘Should be proved where appropriata). An objec that esis an operator's vay presonts special hazards ‘wen pushing. htheeesivatons, t may be preferable to pul te object ie adweabe to vee ong verta! anders wher poss, in orer to give the vss th opporunty to graepat hl prefered hei 324.6 Envionmental conditions ‘Tho surface ovr which tho object ie moved should be sulable or vansporng the object and bo wat mainline. Slopes, ramps and saps increase the physical eff needed to push or pull an obocl, hereby increasing the wotioad on the muscustelaal system and, consequent, Te tek of jy. Wel of Contaminated sofacas can present paricusr hazards to ‘he operat: wnen appyng flees, Vibration ‘appropiate ghing and het and cold environments can impose actions hazards on the operate. 224.7 Individual charactertetics Indiviual sits and capabities, the level of traning, age, gender and heath slats are important ‘haracarte to consider whan caring ota rik assess (ese 2.22.2) Stil and enperence er ay 12 ‘ent the operator when performing the task and reduce the risk of injury. Trang can neease the lve of Skitand aby to eay outa aah Shoos worn by te worker shows pronde adequate suppat and Wracton for ‘he onvironment where the feet tkes place, (0190 207 snags nea stro com baplccolgeanebiarynesalzaoriterSPriner apne ieetoeectas 09/05/20 0 11228-2: Ergonomics ~~ Mania handling Part 2 Bushing and pulling Pégina II de 180 11228-2:2007(6) 321.8 Work organization ‘The overat organization of tha work perarmed by an operator can mot the isk of inary. Physical tasks berormad other than pushing and pulng can contibute to operat: faigue and biomesharkclleecng over the couse of he workday, Allsuch lacks deserve tha own ek sssesament and evalatan, must b@ undersiood that he nazards posed bythe pushing and puling of abecs often resu fom the combination or interaction of the various Fak focor, sig high sustained forces over long stan Furthermore, operators shouldbe tainad In how io aafty perform each task and ow to recognize havaroue workplaces, iacks and equipment condbons. Furlhrmor,operors shoud be mase sware o te nocastary Procedures and communication channels hvough whch fo epot and somect such hazaes, Equipment ena [tes must be regu and propery mained for ale sage and defective or amaged eaulpment mist bs removed fom use madly. All involved pertes shoud be aware of sefe operating and maintenance ‘procedures. The eculpmentpurchsa process shouldbe basod upon sear task reguvemmonts end thus rau Inthe selacton of equipment suitable fo the specie workpace an task cndtbors. 322 Risk estimation and isk assossment ‘The sk stinaion approach adopts = mullacipinary approach giving suitable consdeation to bomechanical,phyiologial and psychophysical capabilites, The biomechanical approach considers fos frertone in rolaon to both inva stengih capabliies and rok of inj. ep. lumber spine empresion is considered In olan o lumbar spin strength fr ciferent age popuison. The priicogcal “proach lakes ito consideration arargy axpendture end fatgue lt Th peyehophyaicel opproech tahoe In account workers’ percopons of accopabe effer ores and cscomfo, ‘The risk assessment procedure lentes two methods by which o assess and evauale the ks aking fom pushing and pug tasks. Method 1 provides spe Rok asuessmant choclet snd peyehophysea! tbl With whic to quickly evaluaia a task Tho chackstaderossas not only the sesessmant of isk aNd suggested {trechoi values, but also the ienticaon of stop fo recuce the lve! of ak, The paychophysial ables ‘rove ine means fo determine accepabo Inia endsustines frees by corsidedng handle height, detance ‘ved and fequonsy of push tnks for maloe and females. may be aufero cary out Nato {ating aporopate soon, ofsdopting race sokions wo enoute that ine overall isk of yl ow. be chackt Is tufelont end the auton or populaon le nol addressable ty tha paycnopnical lables of Matha 1, han Method 2 shoul bo ured, Wihareas Method 2 adopts # trse-zone approach to determining the lve of Sek (gran, yellow andre, he ‘overal assessment stemming tom Method * equres rik rang bated on two level, eer acceptable (green ornctaccopiabi (red) The tes rak zones redefined as folows: 12) Green zone (acceptable risk) Tha ok of disease o injury ie negli or eat an accoptably low level rb Noacton leagues, re operator population. )_ Yellow zone (conditionally acceptable lst) ‘Thoroisasisk of soa or nury that cannot be neglected forthe entre operator popuiation or part of i ‘The Fok shal be futher estimate, aalyeed together wth contrulay isk factors and folowed 98 soon ‘2s possible by redesign. Where redesigns nal posable, other measures © contro the ek shal be taken, ) Red zone (not acceptable) “There ic 9 considerable risk of soese oF injury thal cannot be neglects forthe operator poplaon Immadiate acton to reduce the rk (9, redesign, wor erganizallon, worker stun and Waring) s necessary, tation and risk assessment approach 3.224 Mathod 1— Generalized risk Motod 1 (s00 Figure 2 and Annex A) adopts = checlst approach for ientiving and determining the ppcopit oval of ik for pushing and pling asks 180 207A sane 2 11228-2: Egooomic = Manual banding = Part 2 Pking and pling Pégina 12.0 180 1120-2:2007(6) ‘Secton At of the checkist is used! 1 record information about the job. Secton A.2 provides guidance on accoplabo lore bared an peyshophyses dat, nconnstin with sm examination ef slegores ook (A221): ho tak loa characterises; waking envionment indhdual capi work organization; and ote acters. Based an the overal sesesamen! made nsacton A2, secon Ad ls used to radar & comprehen assessment of te level of fsk (I, grored) aig om he ask. When making judgment a 9 he overs level ofr, nil consideration shuld be given lo accoplato forces, ané wnen either isle aus’ foress ate exceeded for 80% of he use: population the task should be ated as high rik (e. RED) fal ‘and eussned forces aro not exceeded, ut number ark factors ar Konties from the chacklat(A22), than tie bvel of isk should algo be fled az RED. For intl and sustained forces lass than those specified snd where ony a small number oi ecors ae presen, tote can be considered low ts (la, GREEN), ‘though aver effet should be made to race the lovl of ak of tose factors hat remain, Where Bere ‘ny doubt abou the relative importance af rk faces In sacton A 2-2, ortho number of Pak factor reser, the tack should says bo valid ax RED or Method 2 eppled Nt al ihe queston in each category may be relevant othe task and tis important to rele hat rik factors from sach ofthe dierent caiegories may be intrralated end could have 2 great iniuence when found combination Therefore, I Important that each isk fact ls ol considered in Ieaation when making = ‘veral ucgmant on Delve fk Won the lave of rskisconsitored high, stops chould be takan to enly th cause of te problem and Cetermine whet acton should be taken to reduce the level cf risk, AA afows fr priori rok reduclon ‘measures Following the iplemeniaon of ck reducton measures he lask should be monloved and re alate he Job changes. lhe lask andor tbe wockng populston do nat tthe assumptions ofthe psjenophslcal ables, Method 2 should be implomonted WETHODTse0 Rana stp + — Complete A step 2 — compat he checklist given by Tabla Ad and determine te inal and sustained] eres according to A22: 8) detrmine handle heights 8) termina sistance pushed or ple: ©) determine frequency of pushesipl 4) determine worker population, io ll mal Imalaorao (use female mis) ©) consult Tables A.5 to AS to fod acceptable ila and susained forces 5 oth nl and sustained: rma it) oral female or mad 1) determineimeasure aca iia and sustained forces (608 Annex D). 'Siep 3 — Compare acceptable (20 Tables AS to A8) and measure forces and determing "3.3 flows tacos present wom check. Rate te ovra love of ak (on + factual ores (ator sustained) ar higher than racommended forces, rate | tak RED. + actual forces (iia or sustained) ao lass than recommended force, butter |S 8 predominant number of risk factors present, rate the Yok RED. Ad), oF poly Method 2, Sup 4 — Prize and take action oreduc thers (6 lized lak estimation and assessment procedure — Mathod 1 eso among meena te-vS/PrinteraspPnse 164434@data~. 09/05/20 9 11228-2:Ergonomicd~ Mana ating ~ Par’ Bing and paling Pigina 13 de 180 11228.22007(E) 3222 Mathod 2 — Specialize risk estimation and isk assessment approsch Method 2 (600 Annex 8) adopts a procedure o delermine whole-body pushing end ouling force tins Sccoring fo specie characeftce ot the population an te tsk: Method’ Ww ahiced io eur pats and Shou be api ascorcng to Faure 3 2) Pa A— Muscle force nts; 1») Part — Skeletal force knits; €) Part © — Maximum forces permite: 4) Part — Safely times. Par determines fo urements nd adjusts those forces according fo Boputeoncharcerstcs Ue. age, gender and rate) and a requcemens othe lash fo, Feaveny, Guratien and alstance of pushipu task). The procadure adopted in pat 8 takes into secountpushput take Fesuling in high lombar spiel compressive forces, snd’ adhsts pushput forces accoring fo spiel Compression ts fr ape and gender (21502007 pha ean 7 ‘twww-gedvweb com br/aplicacao/gedweibrarynevvisuslizador-lte-vS/PrinteraspMnsm164434&:datan.. 0905/20 9 112282: E-gonomics 180 11228.2:2007(6) suse sreagt Skolt etrongth Saed force ta based fore nits ‘earca) (ean) Ste compstive actin sages etn Ce ‘Step2 Stop? Acjastmerts to esl force Sts ‘eter eo tits Fen fe @% ex Find ming taco (Pert) Fis Min (Fon Fis) Seta iit (Pert). Fes Fon Figure 3 — Specialize risk estimation and 3.2224 Pert A—Musclestrength-basad fore lms, Far Part A adopts two-step procedure for determining force Smits sduted to population (sap 1) and task charactors (9p 2), ‘Step 1— Basle force its, Fy — Determine maximum state arangh exeons for pushing/pling of be Intend user population taking into account age, goer and stature (afer t9 81.1 and 8.12) ‘Sp 2 — Delemine Fa, by adusing te bese force ks, Fy according to the distance, d, and fequaney, ff thm posal tak 08 843) Fog = Fo[1~mgld)-me(F)] (919029078 raed srw geaveb.com bvaplicaca/gedwebibarynevsualizador-ite-vSPrinesophas- GU SA ‘Mana handling -- Part 2: Pushing and pulling Péina 14 de 09705720 9.112282: Ergonomics = Manial handling ~ Bar 2° Pushing nd pulling Pagina 15 de hr gedweh com hrfaplicacsa/eedwebibrarynet/visulizae-lit-vS/Printerasy?ns=16434 dat 180 11228.22007(6) where F's th base force ng le the travel datnce muiper (soe Table 8.11 or 8.12): 4 Is1he wave stance (9 metres) ofthe pustules; ‘my 18 he task requeney mulipor (s0e Table 8.11 of 8.12): J fs he tequency umber of mes par mints) the tsk is repeated over he course ofa working er amb provides force limts tased pon compressive stength che frocadur fs dosed in Annex 8 and adopts a two step approssh: 1) lms. Fe taking ine account he age and gencor ofthe user populaon: and 2) limit Fg tat eorreponae tothe compressive stength Imi. Fe, of a-epaciie push or pul acon fn the workplas. shoud not be excossed bythe aclual force mestured atthe workpiace, ensuring that he Compressive Sent tks of he hambar spine arena exceeded Stop 1 — Determine Fg, tating into account age and gender of the intended user populsion. ‘Step 2 — Dstermine he Fg hat comesponde wih the compressive strength Im, Fin @ specie push or pull acton (using 8.2, Faure BL.) deity tho lationship between — actin forces observedin the workplace. ‘Acton forces measuradin the workplace should not exceed he acto foe limit (Fs) rt — Limiting free, Fi Part ivelvessolocting te mimum force trom ether 12) muscle bated free ts Foy OF b)- slate based force ints, Fig A= ln. Fae Fi) 32224 peto—s yt, Fg To evaluate the sok, the actu rasuan! force Is compased with 8 safely mt, Fy calculates fom the rinsmur King fF, Fy and ask mul, such that Fane Fain 'm,= 0.85 represents he upper iio th green" zone; rme= 19 represents te upper eit th yolow" zone 180207 Age seed aainsizn 9 112282: Ergonamicé ~ Masual handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and pulling 180 11228-22007(6) ith Fort fal evaluation. Use the actual inal force ith pushing or than or equal o, Sm and use the acta! sustained force Ft Gace Paling tans of the tsk a Note hat pushing and puling acti can induce hgh shear frees on the amber spine. Compared oepine! ‘compressive aces, leis known about safe lis” for spinal shea forces. Therefore is par of 180 11228 ‘caresses sphal compressive forces and muscuat avenghn only when evaluating His for pushing ang palin. 323. Riskreduction Fisk reduction can be achieved by minimizing oF excluding hazards which result from the ash the objets) od tbe workplace, tha work argaruzation the envronmentl condone, examples ot which are giant fanex 6. 10180207 gh mae cao/gedwebibrarynt visualizador-lite-vSPrinter asp 1644348 dala Pégina 16 de 09/05/20 2 11228.2: Ergonomics ~ Manual handling ~ Part 2: Pushing an pulling Pégina 17 de 180 11228-2:2007(6) Annex A (informative) Method 1 — Pushing and pulling: general assessment checklist Ad Step 1 Table A2, Compile Table A. and thn, te responea "Ys Taba uate are poset ek of ur and a (Sone fe gn) Tobie 2 Diyrens ote nomen A2 Stop 2— Assessment of potential risk factors A2A Check tet Compete to check ist of Table A. 210 207- A 4ghe mre "The gedveb com brlapicacao/gedwebibrarynevisuaizador-lte-v5/Printerasp?as=1644348cat " 8/05/20 Pigina 18 de 2 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Mail handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and pling 180 11228-2:2007(6) Tasos alae bomen weaT ue 2pm secu ‘Gopsnr wopeunanos eu) 03 a vonseny evenen 9105720 2150 mo At rue meena 2 sw. gedweb com br/apicacso/gedwebllibrarynevvisulizador-lte-vS/Printerasp?ns=164434@daa Pagina 19 de 180 11228-2:2007(6) 31122822: Ergonomics ~ Mariual handling — Par 2: Pushing and pulling ume ay ge er seongne uoesunsdoe ney Baoeoeeuains -aipippord eas cembapen + eskenoop noveyseoed (wonuav09) ey on 3 1644348:da0-.. 09105720 ‘toon gedvweb.com br/aplicacao/gedvveblibrarynetvisulizadorlte-vS/Printeraspns Pégina 20 de 2 11228.2: E-gonomicé ~Maniil handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and pulling 180 11228-2:2007(6) 09105720 44Sheedata tsorw gedeb com br/apicacao/gedwebibrarynetvisulizador-lte-v5/Printeraspns 211228.2; Ergonomics ~ Manual handling ~ Pac 2: Pushing and pulling Pégina 1 de 180 11228-2:200716) ‘A22 Determining intial and sustained forces Datemina 10 fotowing handle haa: 1) stance pushed or pe ©) fraquoncy of push ations, bth inl and sustained: 4) worker popuato, Le. mae (use male iis) oa fae or med maleate (se faa ins ©), by consulting Tatts AS to A, fin ho acceptable Inland sustained forces to accommodate 99% of ‘he Ianded userpopulation 4) detaminaimeasie the ns and sustained forces (s6e Annex D) AB Stops Rate the overall risk cf inury, REDIGREEN (e88 Figure 2, sep 2), As 8 Gude to rating te ove isk of nhry Compare the sccepibe locas (eee Tables AS 0 A) wit the measvrod forces. 8) ho etal forces ate higher than the recommend fr 5) ihe actal forces aro less than the recommended force, but there is predominant numberof rk actors prasent rte he rik a8 RED; ©) toro, rate he ek GREEN. AA Stop 4 Determine tek achtion massure o be taken using Tabla A ‘Table Ad ak sion esses tat shuld oak, rar opr Dai by whch anton aud bona Assess name ‘Sipwure ‘Taka anon an! vary tat hae tha daca tars 210.007 Ateg eae 5 {toon gedvieb.com baplicacao/gedwet ibrarynetvisualizadr-lite-vS/Printeraspns=1644348date~... 09/05/20 311228.2: Ergonomics ~ Maza handling - Part’ Pushing and pulling 180 11228.2:2007(8) ‘AS Maximum accoptable forces Gee Tables ASIOAS Table AS Péigina 2 de For» worerpopleton ofa is Teo arte ols ae ot corned ent Frequency of pushing ex_[osesrne | oossane | oceerHe | o.otzns | corer ie | o0oea Hs | 0.003 ie | 0 18He =lee[el=T'lel‘le['le[‘im[+te[+ fel? Tea [a5 | 300 | 00 [aw [18 20 [170] EEE | sr | 0 | 170 | 220] 120 I 20] wo | 250 [60 [10 | 00 im pushing estos ve vol] | [a0] vee ‘20 | 00 [200 [200 os [oe 160 [40 0 | 160 1280 [190 [200 [210 [er wo [ne] | [200 | we 210 [veo | 260 0 15m pushing tance wa [| Te wm [wo [2 | 0 w]e [fata 90 [120 | 290 | 150 e [ar Ct ‘20100 | vo [0 | 70 | 0 tomate 9 s mle Int fran aBlemale or mized mleemsiepopuiton, 6 shana gers. com b/rpicaenalgedselibrarynetvisulizadorlite-vS/Printer espn 0 2007 an arene adie o9i0si20 9112282: Ergonomics ~ Marital handling ~ Part 2: Pushing end pulling Pégina3 de 80 11228-2:2007(6) Table AS Twochanded poring — Wena na sent Fregueny of panhing 10!mia ‘Simin, saimin | 28min ‘timin ie Sein 18h ex_[oneerhs | aoesons | aossrne | oosens | aorerne | o0o1 ne | ootssie | asx 08H =lte[fe[t[=[+l=[+[m]+[m['l[m[[e[r ea [os| oo] So [mole] 7 T_[ so 0 Teo [0 [am [oo %[e| co} @ [wo | 70 100 | 150-[ 10 [0 | 19 ea} colo [rm |e 100 | ‘wo | w [a | Tae 5 [=] | [=| [= [ere Tea [| wa [ w]e I T oe mo [oo] 5 [o 0 sao | wo [00] 00 Ess. The whan eights arent roconmendod a malas: ran tamale of mad maliomale poise, use teal ‘wor getweb.com beaplicaao/gedweb lbrarynet/visualizador-lite-vS/Prnter asp'ns=1644348edst=, 7 9905720 311228-2: Ergonomics ~- Maaial handling - Part 2: Pushing and pulling Pagina 4 de 180 11228-2:2007(6) Table AT Twehande pling — rnin capil aloe = 80% ot popon Frequoray of pling totnin | sinm | amin | 2inin | tmnn | smin | ann | th en_| oscorne | ooasan | courte | oouane | oosern | onsets | conse [ssxo¢ne mPetm['le[el=['ie[+'leltie[*l=['}=[+ 2m pling se fo fe [a se ae oa a e+ [| 20 | 150 [250 | 70 700 | 19 200 [20 [960 | 0, os [ee 190 | 100 a0 | 10 720 | 160 | 20 | 19, w]e 20 | 10 | 0 | 10 260 | 170 [310 | 199, Tafa Te | 0 wo] mo [1 [vo Te [a5 T_|_) eo] [vo [mo [ao] vo == [Tee [ise [ooo [eo [azo Davo Fr» woe epson oot mses mae int; oan skal or minad mates peptone oma cao/gedwebfibrarynet/visualizadorite-v/Printeraspins=1644348date.. 09/05/20 2 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Manual handling ~ Part 2 Ping and pulling Tobie as “wchended poling — Weimar arcpiabnsorinne force — 00 Ht popnion * Frequency oping toma | sin | am | 2smn | rma | tame | anim | umn en_| osoere | noessne | accernx | aoa2ts | norerix | ooneaste | aonistts [asesosie mDfe[te[tim[rieltin[ttel‘te[‘lel? Fpung antares [| vo | @ [uo] or 200-0 [250 | 18 Toping entree 7a [5 Tw] vo] ‘20 [00 [1 [vm % fe [oD 10 | 100 | 1 | 0 | a0 of ns 10] ‘70 [co [00 [0 a [| I e[e[~[e or] [0 [v0 aa Je I 7] we [re [mo] 100 va [a CO wo [7 [wo] wo [sr CI elo of [of 0 [or 6 [fm [oo [uo] Jeo» mri sot cana, aa ra ono nad maton pap, na 180207 gh ears {teow gedweb com br/aplicscao/gedvebltibrarynedvisuslizador-lit-vS/PrinteraspPn 644348date 2 08/05/20 > 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Manual handing - Part 2: Pushing and pulling Pégina 6 de 180 11228-2:2007(6) Annex B (informative) Method 2 — Specialized risk estimation and risk evaluation Matieé2 can be used to calcula basi free ims when pushing or pul and accounts for both the ‘domog apie and unvopometre characte of he inte use! Popuston, In parla, these charactors ncudedatrbutons of = gender, and ‘Basicly, Method 2s ueed to caleulate fre ts when pushing opuling 8) stesectog abeoute hance heights, 2) for spect target popuiton. Metied 2 involves the folowing step-by-step approach B.4 Part A— Determining muscle-strength-based force limits B.11 Stop 1 — Calculating basle force tml But Summary ot procedure The procedure fr calculating the basic force it, F838 flows ©) cole input data 000 8.4.4.2) 1b) adjust the force deta to age and gender eatibusor ofthe tsgel popuaion eee 8.1.1.3: ©) aust the fore data to stature catibutions ofthe trget population (se 8.1.1.4); 8) Getormine Fe 00 8.1.15). BA42 Collecting Input data ee Table 8. (21802007 sn ge eas ine ged com lapliccagedweblibrannet'vsulizador-ite-SPrinraspine-1oustedon. 0905720 9 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Marual handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and pulling Troe Deseran Seo hand hight [Foresite |See Faure |— when pushing or puling ce eae — = | On 7 eee ener oe - , ees a aoaarees rete hanla el 121502007 - eg mean a ‘wor gedvweb.com br/apicacea/gedweblbrarynetvisualizador-Ite-vS/Printerasp?ns=164434&data=. 09/05/20 > 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Manial handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and palling Pigina 8 de 180 11228-2:2007(€) . : = Soames hts (se Reference 7) Figure B.1 — Strength percentiles depending on relative working hs 18.1.1. Aajusting forces to age and gender of intended users ‘Aust the stongihdstroulons of he roarence group (Females) othe characteristics of the intended user population. Ths barsfomaton apples (a stengthdtrbutone a al lave vorking height and yes a set Stew stengh driouions, modied in postion and shape, (2. normelsatbullon no lenge apptes Resulting cerautons are made up by @cambinaon of weighed normal dstbutons, with each reacting is ‘subgroup nage and gender This procedure, ofred to as the ‘syheticssubuton procedures preseted In Annex. Ganeray, Bi procedure involves tee base scons as summarized in Table 8.2. 2 11802007 gh eset Iran gedweb com hr/aplicacao/gedvehlibrarynetvisualizador-lte-vS/Prineraspins=164434&data™ 0105/20 2 11298-2: Ergonomics = Manta! handling Part 2 Pushing and pulling Pisgina 9 de 80 11228-2:2007(6) Tible 8.2 — Adjusting strongth to age and gender etn Deserpion Graphical eampie meinen [ieee [> mle 9 2 secteergi done” | Seengh arouion ot | t= youn tomas |— wen pushing or psig or 2 3 |anyyete dton Tis paced ye a at of rm lrcwcuen sccorsance win |atangh dvbutane acted lamer atv ard Meh jae be tpt ° poatson : = ? Fpl st rave hand hag % BAAA Adjusting strength otature dietrbutlone Strang) cistibutons should reflec the efects of satire ae well as age and gender. Adjust the strength ° | Pele, i 3 ? 4 ©1s0 107 Ate mad ‘sor gedeb.com:br/aplicacao/gedweblbraryned/visualizado-lite-v5/PrinteraspIns=164434&data~... 09/05/20 2 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Maral handling ~ Part Pushing end pulling Péging 1 de 180 11220-2:2007(6) Table .2(contnvod) Teton Description Tesaaesecae? (Appa oe i] I ies combined [Seebaton uncon °| wg? / A é physical evenahw ne setae ei hey 900 (hy Force ints may te found by taking percentile approach as deacibed in EN 10081, An outing ofthe ‘procedures gon Table Bs, ta 4 — Determining base force mis, Fy Talon Deverption 7 [Rzrecreutton [oni we contned aon Py 7 [Rnd bs ice capaces ot ctnad mary (85%) fhe | + il F physeateerga. 6 8446 exa 2) Seenatio 1) Ae pushing (1802007 gra aan 2s ‘wor gedwebs com br/aplicacea/gedwebilbrarynedvisualizador-lte-vS/PrinteraspPns=1644348data=.. 09/05/20 1246 ) 11228-2: Ergononicé ~ Manual handling - Part 2: Pushing and palling Pegi 180 11228-2:2007(€) 2), Population: American (A) 1) Japanese (8) 3), Absolute working height: 16m &) Assumptions 1), Physea event: dental strength etibutos in bth natonaltes 2) Load tints: 15% percent This scam calsultos basic frca ints, Fy, mien pushing Theve finite refer to Ames and iapanass populasons which ifr widely in stare Jstioutons. Suengthdistibutons of both natons ‘wore atsumed tobe Honia Each ofthe two natonaites encloses 2 varity of prodetned subpopulations spectid in paricuar by # See Figure 2. X agembes 1 ner 2 ene 2 alo frolints Fy M NOTE Ses foram expanaton of mts. 6 (180 207A sare Htworw gedweb. com brapliacao/gedweb/ibraryne/vsualizadr-lite-vS/Printer aspas=164434@data~... 09/05/20 ) 112282: Ergonomics ~ Mana! handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and pulling Pégina 13 de ©) Age mbes “This example dnties three age mixes, grouping the general working populton: 1) junior — population cusars in age group 1 (age < 20 years) 2) all ages — equal diatbuions i all tree age groups (ap8-<20 years, 20 yare « age <0 years ‘and 80 yours < age <5 your) 3). senior — pepulaton clusters i age group 3 (50 years < age < 65 year) 18) Gondor mi Each of the above ago mixes realizes three dfornt ratios between males and foals: 1) ict: males w fomaios 2) mix 2: alos tofomah 3) mic 3: males to females ©1003 %, 5 frter Yilds a3 x 3 array as shown In Fgura B2 ‘A combination o the above mixes age and gon ©}, Calculation of base force limits, Fg 1) atthe poon ofeach alament int 2) or both American ané Japanese populations. 1) Interpretations ‘The results shown by Figure 8.2 quantitatively damonsrate the wide adaptivity of ie Kind of force ik. “Themis not ony rete given demographis poflas, but recount for varaonsn site istibvtone 98 wo [As for demographic profes, songs in both nations decrease wih 1) noreesng age, and 2) neroasing tamale epresentation Figure 8.2 demonstrates cleny the way in which the two nationals shape force limits as an etet of Gteing stature astbutons B.1.2 Procaleulated force mits the procedura given in ‘his subclause provides a set of basi force Imits, Fp, Hat can ba used to bypa 4) fea, sole the subgroup trom Tables B.S and 86 that best approximates he target population; b)- than fn precalate force fits in Tables 8.76 8.10, 1802007 gh mea a sera: gedweb.com braplicacao/gedweb Nibrarynetvisulizador-lte-vS/Printerasptns-164434&:data~.. 9105/20 > 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Mata handling ~ Part 2 Pushing and pulling” Pégina 14 de Table Bs. oi 1528 aes ‘ ce ae 28 eso mor Alegre mane ‘ewww gedveb.combr/epicacao/gedweb/ibrarynetvisualizadorlite-vSPrinter.asp?ns=164434écat=~.. 0105/20 ) 112282: Ergonomics ~ Masai handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and pulling Pégina 15 de 180 11228-2:2007(E) ‘working population (60-84 years) Sak i sas zh, . a Sass (218007 Ate aaa 2 wr gedweb com br/apicacaa/gedwebibrarynet‘visualizador-lte-vS/Printeraspns-164434&-data.. 09105720 > 1128-2: Ergononies = Misia hadling ~ Part 2: Pushing and pulling 180 11228-2:2007(€) ulatlon subgroup ~ Central European workin when PUSHING, accounting fora lute working height he and pulation, PROFESSIONAL usere Pégina 16 de sant ‘Popuaton aber na or |e | wo | 100 | aia | a [vor | at] ave 7 ca | wo | an | 160 | v9 | m0 22] 140] 10] 98 [NOTE Aaron gense aban crag los Caco th mani al 150 hove2 sum don crtg Rela NoTEs swt dalton scr ON 3641-8 9, Nove + Teese ont posh pay ns ek rat unpre canon ores Aeugh mae ata ned. 2 slows shor ih (eww gedweb com beaplicacan/gedwelibrarynet/visualizador-lite-vS/Printer asp?ae=1 604 ¥48 tat ts0a00 Assad nainsi20 2 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Manial handling ~ Pat Pushing and pulling links, Fe, when PULLING, accou Pégina 17 de 180 11228.2:2007(8) ute working helght, hy and population subgroup — Cental European working population, PROFESSIONAL users pone ore | san = ws e | | | ww | or | se | os |e | os | a2 as | wo | 90 | woe | sor [am [va | wea | vee | sr | ma or | wie | 20 | vse | sos | oar [sv | 120 | we | 150 | toe ca | sor fe | wo | soo | zor | 100 | 0 | vor] ve | 75 [NOTE + age ans pce atin argo Eup oe rm Sat 8 ore2 seu cetiunaxrdg tes ove «Teta ele os poy comely atom ek at has poe Be cnen Mores Around ravers et tee wc hve torah 4 2180 007- Ane eae ‘wor gee com br/aplicacao/gedweb/libraryned/visualizador-lte-v5/PrinteraspPas-1644348data=.. 03/05/20 1128-2: Ergonomics ~ Miia hasdling ~ Part: Pushing and pulling 180 11228-2:2007(6) Teble 8.9 — Basle fore linit, Fa, when PUSHING, secounting for ah working popula population subgroup ‘Cental Eu lute working halght, hand DOMESTIC usore Pégina 18 de ‘asi orca ia Fe = [4 | |= pm | s | | | | 13a | 7% | | o | 1 | mo | | e_| 10 cae | @ | 6 | | wr @ 7308 NOTES Aeon gona dbaae woringb te Eoope tbe mains, nore? sae censor lone Nore> Sem auton caning oD 3415, noves Tectia ston cod peti cml nto ak hat mp condi a NOTES Aegh he es an psi ol abn aero shoe ah 2 {near gedweb com braplicacao/ged webibraryne/vsualizador-ie-vS/Pintr aspns~1 64434 da (180 2007 geared 09/05/20 ) 1128-2: Ergonomics ~ Masial handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and pulling Pégina 19 de 180 11228-2:2007(6) ute working Mala and Fy, whan PULLING, accounting for DOMESTIC users Taleb ‘ental European working popula pation nub me wa | wa | WA] + | 2 [| wa | wa | wa] 1 [10 3 fs |e || 7 |m | 2 | 6 | «= | | us |e | | | | wo] |e | | me | or 2a = [0 | 7 |e | o % | ee NOTE Aew ond gna droning Ba Eup lb Farts 155 oTe® aun snton sng Rec vores steno avout acrsng BOO S81457, Nove one rine yunge an elit roneting pop. ores Tw won cout outy arty uo bk tea pe canton NOTES Atough oe stew rove. aa alo wot stove hap B.1.2 Step 2— Adjusting basic force limits 19) Detamine the travel stance Inmates, over which he object is push or pues 2») entty ho task tequency, (pushin or pun) over he course ofthe working doy 150 20 —Aigiemaad 33 ‘tw gedeb.com.br/aplicacaa/gedweblibrarynetvisualizador-lte-vS/Printer.asp?ns=164434&data=... 09/05/20 ) 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Mina handling ~- Par 2: Pushing an pulling 180 11228-2:2007(E] ©) Adjust Fy a8 fotows: Foe = Fo[t~mala)=m()]=Fom(6.1) gee basi force tm; mq 6 te aval dstance mule (¢00 Table 8.11 oF Taba 8.12} 4 Ish travel tance (m) of he push ook; Inyo task Fequency muller (68 Teble 8.11 or Table 8:12), {J 1s te roqvency (times) with which tho lass repeated over tho course fs working én, “Te resting capac ins, Fan fftect demographic and antivopomatis characters ofthe envisaged B12) — ie asustto actual workplace requirements 12 map ine target popuation inches a mix of malas and females, an average mulpler,, appes: 1 salt -tn trem) wera imp te male mutpe (y's the percentage offenses; ing 8 0 female muti, ‘rb 11 —Muttplors fr travel distance < Sm (use for evaluat (adapted tom Reference) tome aa . sian | Fematon toemincr | rn va oas 22 800%) ons 35 6008) a 2508) 0m ‘oer | os | i gedveb om trlplicncan/gedwobibrary net visulizador-lte-5Prnter spas 16403480 Pigina 20 de 8 population (600.11 or 09/05/20 ) 11228-2: Ergonomics -~ Mail handling ~ Par 2: Pushing and pulling 42 — Mutiplars tor trava datancn 5 m (uta for avaluation of sustannd ovens) adaptod tom Refeconce (9), = oe oz tn (ON GRBT Fa) a o 028 30) Stn (0859 Fi) a at oo ‘in (0067) car 2 min (0.04) 2 rn (0.01687 Ha) 0 038 {2 min (0.00852) a 240 115 min (,0059 Hs) oz, © ae Tom o.oreer Hs) | 078 6 oc “20m 000853) | 0x4 @ eat ao min (.000477 =) | at = 04s 28 [reo min .co0n7e He) [ ae oo a 070 ‘h20.min (900130 Ha) | 007 my oar or Oc 0 min (;000035%) | a8 2 Part B— Skeletal-strongth- B24 Goner In ation to the musce-based force tints, Fy and Fg the approach ofthis part of ISO 11228 takes Ito ‘consideration spinal compressive force i.“ aprench valves two stops 1) estimating compressive force lis of lumbar spine; »)- ling ton ore ts. 2.22 Step 1 — Estimate comprossive-strength-based forcs limits Human spinal svengh depends upon age and gender (oe Figure 6.3). Therefor, ens inte should Sopond on demosraphic profiles. For Bis purpose, te demographic approzc fe comparable wih tat of he ‘muscle fees mts (eee Clause 8.1). “Te lumbar spine line change with fren user poplatons. Tabla 8.13 provides vcey of precaeusind [mbar spine ims generated fora sat of proselcted stuains, nln: two aiteront groups — USA “physically active" adul populatin and “phsialy active" USA-senors recalesatd ims in Tabla B.13 change in “naura way with varying proties of target populations. © 80207 -Aghs eae osinsr20 ‘haw gee com briaplicacna/gedwehlibraynetvicnalicadertitesSPrinter sep ee=1644348cat ) 1128-2: Ergonomics ~ Mail handling ~ Par 2: Bushing and pulling 180 11228.2:2007(6) ‘Roler to Tabie 8.13 fr precleulatod lumbar spine limits or use the following procedure to calcu them — start wit ne compressive srongth data rom Figure B.3 or ther validated dat; = Sind agrestons describing eects of age n both males and omalos; — invoduce age classe — generate by atibutons of compressive strength in all age lasses _— obtain a damographic profie of target population using above age intel = find weighing mulipers accounting forthe demographic weight of each age cl ‘teouton by “own” weghing utp: rmutiply och age cl tamales: — negra males andfomaes, = datemine:ne 18% percent to fa compressive srength ts ofthe lumbar spine, Y ow ew ww me me HX 9) Famatee om Figure 8.3 — Compressive strength of lumbar spine (nclusing regres ‘paramator of age claases) (b 38 e1so mor Arr man www: gedweb com, beaplicasso/gedweby/ibrarynevisualizador-lite-/Printer asp as" 16#4348C8t2 woigled age clase dations t gst taal spina strength distributions In both mals and Pégina 2 de Ibuton parameters (pecans or average and standard deviation) of compressive strength 5 srength detrbutions wih nressing sang io Gd total sangth detbuin unctons of 9/05/20 0 112282: Ereonomics = Mant handling ~ Part 2 Pushing and pulling Pigina 3 de 180 11228.2:2007(6) « 20-s4yean el 33 23 7525 38 2 [Tape pepo RA 2000 B23 Stop 2— Determine action force limits Mast orne in? Gatemines imiatons of extemaly applied forces in such a way tht the compressive force Imi of he tambar spine wil pot be exceocoa, ‘Aiba de of pubcation of his part of 50 11228, the procedure given in Table B14 val, Table 844 ure for determining action force tmits etnvcgedeerpopantan, 1 9" Poe " wa ia wong hy (Dannie 0180207 Af mana 37 ‘ow gedweb com br/plicacao/gedweblbrerynctvisualizador-lite-vS/Prntr asp?ns-1644348data~.. 0505120 9 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Miia handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and pulling 180 11228-2:2007(6) Table (continues Fin the rc nga, fore te acing pres, ve he swat ari, 6, for be Wea slo @/ woroics scien Faganin (fafa hs") h, ore mone m i, str wig tg Je scton toe, [2 tren an, degre Fe compressive oa ston fc § Je9)_ srose ie ae, carnee ne ston fos ie Fg, wali the Get sled (180007 pt rane ‘ww gedweb.com.br/splicacao/gedwebllibrarynetvisualizador-lite-v5/Printer aspfas~ieidhadedaen, Pigina 4 de 09/05/20. © 11228-2; Ergonomics Manual handling ~ Pari’! Pushing end pulling Pigina Sde 180 11228-2:2007(6) destam Bue rata 7200 40 GOOF 9) Pushing ») Pung Fe, compre ladon L581, AN nding upon action forces a selected pushing ling netities 11802007 at 39 ‘www gedweb.com.braplicacao’gedweb/ibrarynet/visualizaor-ite-vS/Printr asptas-164434&date=, 09/05/20 © 11228-2: Ergonomics ~~ Maniilhaidling - Patt 3: Pushing and pulling, Pigina 6 de 180 +4228 2:2007(6) Annex C (informative) Risk reduction methods. C4 Introduction Scinte knowedge stresses the importance of on ergonomic approsch in removing oF reducing the risks sssocated wih pushing or puting, E’gonomics focases on tha Geagn of work anc i accommodaton of ‘human physical and ments! eapaciog (eee 160 63651"), An ergonomic pptowsh conics eke cr nr, taking ino account a range of relevant factors, ining te Mauro of he las, th shaacttoles of the objectnaraes, the working eronment and indicus infaons and capabies €.2 Repetitive handing {n seeking to avd injury rom pusting o ulin, tis peinent to ask whether these tasks can be tines atogetnw. A mechanical handing system rather than a manual stom shoud be considered whan poehioat taoks ar hazardous and engineering improvement othe manual yetom ee lied, However, he nvodution of sutomton or mechanization may ceala new ks. AX equipment shouldbe wot manaine, compatble wih the restol he work sytem, etleclv, appropriately doses ana cen spore Workers should be propery trained to use the equipment safely and effecively, Opertng Instucons sad safety concurs should be mdctedon the equiment €.3 Design of work — Task, workplace and work organization 3.4 Task 34.4 Ganeral ‘The physical ong placed on he back and shoulders whan pushing and pling may increase owing io any one rmere fhe wing ~ reread ores; x0 of awkward postures (std lta ante exo trunk postures): frequencies ‘The task should therefore be desgred In such a way that thse risk factors ere avoided. Activites for Dushing/ulng tasks should lao be varia 2o ast slow adequate recovery tne, {orca drection on maximum pushing and pulling forces Force exertions should avays be corsdered In relaton o posture, Uneulabe postures may increase the equi force as thay Ineease the postural wokloed or decrease postural stably (eg pusing sm object 3:12 Impact of posture a 40 ©80107~ Alege sara wonv-gedweb. com br/aplicacso/gedweblibrarynet/vsualizador ite-vS/Prnterasp?as~1644348datar 09105720 0 11224-2: Ergonomics Mania handling ~ Pert 2: Pushing and pulling Pigina 7 de 180 11228.2:2007(E) While the rk is bent forward increases te compressive ad onthe lumbar spine and decreases postural Stadt. Atoing te posture to sul ie intanded foes applcalon (ve, making veo othe postion and ose isbtonofbody segments) can decrease the force needed e 3 upright postures whe porkng wk cbt ‘ion leat higher force damancs and decreased say wnon compared taeoniny foreor) ‘deaty, the handle ight and contguration of the object pushed or pulod should minimize verte force omponanis snd prove fora nearly completo Norzonal force exerton, Safe oor condiions and good ouping betwoen the shoe of the worker andthe floors siso naceasry Io alow the wort 0 Soap and ‘maha an ofectve posture igh forcas or napproprate handle heights, however, wil reuln increasing vertical force components. For this reason, fr the appication of Method 2, he input ula and austin forces are tne measures resultant ‘orcas raqure to push o pul he object n question see Annex). 6.3.2 Workplace ‘The workplace shouldbe designed in such 2 way that i confanenoriks for pushing end puting tasks 2 ‘The workng ares shouldbe lage ensugh to alow adsquate rom fo manoeuvre, Sufflent space is @ rerequse for carying cut work ecendy snd in appronato working posture — Foor or ound surfaces shouldbe evel, clean, dry and unbroken to avoid potent sipping or ppg — Slopes or amps shout be of ow gradiont to avoid accidents or high forces. — Stacking might shou be esrictd to improve vst, — Doors should be opened aulomatcaly stead of manualy to reduco the fraquency of al pushes and €.3.3 Work organization ‘The work shoul be organized in such way that — he compotion, teqvncy and dao of tet alow adequate physical recovery tne for he Me worker has some degree af autonomy in how helshe can organize the tsk, The shove conse for pushipul asks are embedded inthe psychophysical force line presented in ‘Annex Additonal tasks’ performed by te worker may leo need to bs svaluted and the sesso demands and covery requirements, if necessary, sasessed overal ora tasks. Job anichent joo tniargemeant an job rotation may have a kay rele to play providing recovery, varity and mabtaning vel ot Prodvcton output These tasks should nvows the use of afore muscle prooge, ‘The worker shoud be abl to aus the rate or pace of hisher work to hither own capabiies, Work with stray feed rao or pace isnot recommended. To redice he satance of loads to be pushed or poled © ‘commended tht storage seas be posttoned cosa fo prducion areas. The ameunt ef work unetatan fad postures is leo an imporant consideration. Recommendations cancerting waning poctans ee ose Iniso 112262 “1 9105/20 ‘rw. gedweb.com.br/epicacao/gedweb/iibrarynet/visualizador-lite-vS/Printerasp?ne=1644348dat 0 11298-2: Ergonomics ~ Manual handling - Part 2: Pushing and pulling Pigina 8 de 130 19220-2:2007(6) .4 Design of object, tool or material handled ‘The object to be handled may constute& hazard because of Ks size or shape n deteining wheter the object rpresais ask, prope account most azo be made ofthe way ond ieumstaness h wich the object 's handed or example, postural ecemmendatans tequancy and duran of handling. wotkpiaca sexi an aspects of wrk organization such as incentive schemes and puacework shoul be considered, In adton, there may be physlel et chemical hazards which should also be indicated eg. the objet could have sharp edges, be tao hot of too cold to louch or be contaminated, or could conian mals ot Substances whih ae hazardous f spied 16.41 Coupling and hand holds ‘good hand arp or counting wit the object bing pushed or puller essential Ht acckonts with respect to banding ae oe avoidd and Is chen dolormied bythe charatarisis of he object ‘The handles shoul be positoned al a sutabla height and distance spar For example, Uolay handles shoul be postoned betwoon hip and elbow height batwoen 90cm and TIS), eee (Refernce (12) The ate of Fond orp ‘shoul su he sizeof te hand of botn women and en —~ patsy babwaan 0 om and 46cm fr darter ‘The handle oc handhold should be of adequate lngth fo alow vation in‘rasp for manaeurrng and ‘manipulation ofthe load. Atleast Gem ef free space around the handhold shoud be proces tahoe ‘doquae iarance for aight gloved hand. The design shou enaba 8 sae range of Sed) postures rot mole ‘The operating mechanism should minimize sai load (Guraton ofthe hong of posture fora sustained Plo af me), should optinize the amount foce nosed and shoul enabl the worker sufelet recovery Palos. Therefore, the neces of presang or hiding cones ors sunaned period ahold be svloea tm most cases, the health risks associated with pushing an object are lower than the sks trom pling an bec. The eperator should wear sppropate fotwesr fo proter the fot ahd to achave adaguate sovang wh the floor surface. Footwear end proper mantonanee and clearing of the Poor siface stows reeuce Stoping sks. 64.2 Whools and castors Trolleys and other wheslad equipment shouldbe provided with sulabie wheels or castors (0.9. having the oper size and composiion). The selection of castors fr whesled eqripment such on Waluys nd cate ope of ‘te. more ital factors in ensuing. acceptable forces and safe handling condions The ‘astorseots shoul be reted forthe load: St lated on the push end ofthe toad for proper manceuvabiiy. The oqupment shoud be regulary luted ard adequetlymatainedsecorang the manulactire’s specifeatons. Good bearings, larger whee! amis, wheel metal dt and prods, sutable forthe surface over which wil wavel canal elp a reduce puahipul freer. 6.4.3 Handling by two or more people Handing by wo or more people may make posible an operon tate beyond the capetilty of one person, 12 rede the sk of te operation fo that person. The load tat a eam ean hand sly lets that 2 fhe loss thatthe tam memers could cope with nada, Hani By Wo ot that each person have edequele couping, wean and physlcl space tr biter fou ‘bjt and along te path of avel. Mechanized movemart shoud be coalderod for maliple parson nencng ‘shustions that do ot meet he above conditions, 6.5 Design of working environment General envonmentlconstions including lminaton, noise and cSmate shouldbe wits lorabe evel. '5 recommended tat IS0 7730 # be appind for thermelcamfot requirements. Eira care seid be lake \rrk hs fo be don a extremes of temperate For example, high impertares or mi con cause apis faigue; work at ow temperatures may require gloves to prevent numbers ofthe hands, but can aso lee 1 a (1802007 ated ‘wrww.gedweb com brleplicacao/gedwebibrarynelvisualizadorlte-vS/Printer.asp?as~ 6443 4dedat 0910520 0 11224-2: Ergonomics -- Manual handling ~ Part 2: Pushing wn pulliig Pigina 9 de 18011228-2:2007(6) 8 loss of manual dexiatity. Ar ciculaon (indoor and outdoor) is slo a factor that Infuences body temperature, Rapid ar exulation cools the body ana shoud be avoled a8 far os poss. Neverhelogs, ‘ery Rt cimals or woringconditons, apd ai celaton canbe dsrabl Is important that hove shouldbe sufcient ight to enable the workarlo san clean what nalts Sing 3 aso prevent poor working postures. High nolo tvels may lead le te nada to hear wamings and Inerosod work sess, For outotdoor wor, sccount needs tobe taken ofthe effects of changing weather condtons. Wel iy oF sippery contons can poser! parla hazard for pushpub tasks 6.6 Worker capabilities Wark should be adapted to the workers physcal and mental capabies. The worker shouldbe mace awa of possbe rss that are involved In tie work and of hishhar own posses and responsi ‘hase risk, For more demanding asks, the worker shouldbe support’ by appropiate aveaton and, needed, meccal monitoring and tacnial ade 46 esinsix0 "wo: gedveh com bapicacan/gedweblibearynetiselizador-ite-S/Printerap?as>1644348datae 0 112282: Exgonomics ~ Masi handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and pulling Pégina 10 de 180 11228-2:2007(6) Annex D (informative) ‘Suggested approach for measuring pushipull forces that Fo pled or pushed by humen operators in taps for laking coreet free maasurement, Pl sue pl forces I the doy, Woy or eat ie designed “This aporoach apples ony to cat, toleys oF dot Industfalstuatons. Tha procedure descrbed gi ‘orcas wil goraaty be the same as push forces be puted 8) Use mechanical or slctrons force gauge inorder to take the measurements. Folow the manufactures Inaitons for usig the gauge. Meke sure that the ores rneesu Preferably. ores should be measured nal vas drectonssimitaneouay. When freee seme in nly the one rection (a. primary motive force), ten the angle the face eppcston should aaa be recorded 1») Load the daly, oly oF cat with the maxérum weight that wil ary under normal codons. Make Sure bat the fad condion i safe. The load must noth or fttwhen Re Sly, waloy or cor o monte ©) Take the reasuremerts by pushing and pullng on te handle of the dolly, toley or cart. Select @ ‘messurement point on the harde, Oetermine wheter 3 pushing oa pull Measurement wi be east ‘and more acura to take. This wil Gepand upon the nature of he handle end he tartans spectre ‘he gavgo wil reac. The push or pull ores should be the sama. W the fonda te hanson ese te ‘measuramext point atte midpoint of he hanla handles ae verical keale a mesturomrt sates the chassis nkway between the handles. Select «gaugo attachment tat vil give a sable push pont oo {he bande. Fihe push surface isnot stabi, attach » push plate lo the ange fo the chet. The push surface must ot deform when pushed against wh the gauge. Use s hock ltachment for pul foe 14) Take both te init push force measurements and the suteined push foce measurements Te nial force isthe rinimum force required fo san the oly, Woliny or cat in maton The sustained ieee the minim for raqured to marian the daly, uoley or cath moto, ‘Tako two couditons forthe inital fre. Psion the suivl caster ne wih the direction of mation of {he dolly, trotay or cat fo the fat condition. Poslion he swivel casters at ght ancl ote drecion ‘mot for second condon. The push fore must slghtan out te cars fo move the dol, Wllay ‘or car. The rah angle condor wil preduce higher forces compared tothe fring condson ” Workers may frst staighon out he swivel casters by giving # quick pul or push sdeways on the dolly fore pushing itt is destination, The nil sfowaye force roqurod Wo atalghton the swivel casors may be measuresinstead of he saight-on push force wi the castors at ght args push the dot, ‘Hold the gauze timly against the hance or push pate. Do not. Sustained fores measurement. The speed aqutes fo» sow welt. obey or eartat east min 3s for ‘Tate 2 or ch Bid speed when measuring il force. Read the ‘ree fom the gauge oy the mart of 8 ely, oly o cart stars fo move, Bo not push oF pul faster than 1 mia. necoseer, dtance of mor more on tho for and ima he mesurement wih slopwaich lt nde ee eta Fepeat the measurement process unt you have made at ast tree corltem mesroramets; Fas 4gevan measisoments are prefered. Casistent moasurements should nt aif’ om auch oe by none than about 1694, Record the measurements. Tete the peak or matirum force measurement of ie conastent int force measurements Psion th svve casters in the Inne crecton to assure the stained force. Set the dol, woley or ) cart n mtion and apply the minimum sustained forea to Keep it in moton Repeet the masauremont process unto consistent measurements have bean med, Record the messormnent: Compas ot ‘average of he consistent sustained force measurements “ 180200 Agi ran ‘wor gedveb.com braplicacao/gedwel/litraryne/vsualizador-lite-vSPrinter asp ns |64434@edat.. 09/05/20 Pégina 11 de 0 11228-2: Ergonomics Mail handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and pulling 180 11228.2:2007(6) Annex E (informative) Application examples for Methods 1 and 2 ‘This amex provides examples forthe applation of he two matods Figur E.1iustrates the pushing movement volves 10m dltance symmetrically with two hans ishing fourwhoaled cag Figure. EA Example 4 EA.1 Method t AAA Input date vtedtorce: 125 = Measured pesk bit ustined force: 30.N — Uoasures averag Measured poak stopping foc 0 — Absolute nando height: 145m 2180200 ange means 4s ‘swan gedwe>.combriaplicacsoigedweblibearynevisualizador-ite-vS/Printr aspns=1644348date=.. 09/08/20 © 11228-2: Ergonomics ~ Mana handling -- Part 3: Pushing and pulling Pigina 12 de 180 11228-2:2007(6) Gondor aston 25% male, 75% fonale Travel etance: tom Working tequoncy: ‘min ond acon tme> 3.8) E412 Appleaton 2) Find te appropriate labios n Annex A that the input data given above forthe hana halt 145 m). ‘eave datance (101m) and working frequency (Vin). Use the female popuaton ae the iting population Hanae nigh 80 144 m han height — Distance moved In the tables, look at @m and 15m distance: introate Hf ocessary. Work requency= tim »)- Refer to Tabi AS for ntalforces accommodating 90% ofthe fomele popula: — fr 8m pushing stance, he force itis 160 — for 5 m pushing distance, the fore ii e140 W. ©) Refer to Table A fr sustened forces accommodating 90 % of the femele population — for 8m pushing stance the force kis 70 he force tint ie 40N. — for 151m pushing aetans distance and comparing wih te mesturad forces of 125N for the peck nil forea and 30 8 for susiained force, he actual nl force of 125 Nl less tan the copay of 90 % of female to produce an il force of 140N, and the actual sustained force of SOW ir ese tan the capably of 99% ofthe females to produce a sustained force of 40N. As 2 consequenea, the Fak aed 1 Using ine mor pctct EA.2 Method 2 £124 Input data force tits 8) Part A—Muscla-trength-b 1) Stop 1 — Basie force ints, Fy (08 8.1.1) Absolute nance hight: 145m — Ase ‘at under 50 — Gender sitrton 25 % mal, 75% tamale 2) Step 2 — Acjusimentso basi force its, Fy (ee 8.12) — Travel distance: tom = Wotking tequency ‘min (and action sine > 32) 46 01802007 mar /nvorw gedweb.com.br/apicacao/gedwebibraryned/visualizador-lte-vS/Printer asplase i6443a@datee... 09/05/20 0 1228-2; Ergonomicé ~ Mail handling ~ Part 2: Pushing and pulling Pagina 13 de 80 11228.2:2007() b) Part 8 —Skelota-strengthbasod force tml 1) Step — Compressive-stengih-based fore lint, Fe (698 B.2.°) ‘Ages (same as above) Gender distbuton (same a8 above) 2) Step? — Aaton orca ns Fi 00 8.2.2) — Soulderlont ange (2sye ot — Fore anale (27 ‘o ) Par. ©—Not appleable 4) Pad — safety tits (600.2224) "— Mosscrod peak intl exerted force: 125 N — Moasuted average sustained force: 30 — Mossiced pas stopping kn, -20N £122 Procedure Muscto-atrength-based fore limits ra. » 1), Stop 1— Basic foroetimks, Fe The maxinum static srangé exertons for pushingluling of the lated user population is

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