Directions: The terminologies below are all associated with Popular Culture. Define each term.

Write your definition and cite your source/s. Please refrain from using Wikipedia as your
reference/source.

1. Culture
Culture, derived from the Latin word "cultura," which means "to cultivate,"
encompasses intricate patterns of human activities interwoven with symbolic structures
that imbue these activities with profound meaning and significance. These symbolic
frameworks are in perpetual flux, created and contested by their own architects, lacking
rigid boundaries, and engaged in constant interaction and rivalry with one another.

Furthermore, culture can be comprehensively defined as the entirety of a population's

ways of life, encompassing arts, beliefs, and institutions transmitted across generations.
It encompasses codes governing etiquette, attire, language, spirituality, rituals, artistic
expressions, behavioral norms including laws and morality, and intricate systems of
conviction.
(Source: Boston University)

2. Ideology
Ideology represents a complex of ideas, beliefs, and attitudes, whether consciously
acknowledged or not, that shape and reflect one's comprehension, accurate or
misconstrued, of the social and political sphere. Serving as a rationale, validation, or
advocacy for collective endeavors directed at upholding or transforming political
systems and practices.
(Source: Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

3. Society
A society signifies a collective of individuals united by mutual interests, often
distinguished by a shared culture and established institutions. This term could denote an
ethnic group, like the Nuer, a sovereign state such as Switzerland, or even a broader
cultural assembly such as Western society. It is also pertinent to organized groups with
affiliations spanning religious, charitable, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other
objectives.
(Source: newworldencyclopedia.org)

4. Mass Culture
Mass culture epitomizes a collection of cultural principles and notions that emerge from
the common exposure of a populace to identical cultural experiences, communication
media, music, art forms, and more. Enabled solely through modern communications and
 electronic mediums, it's disseminated to individuals, rather than arising organically from
communal interactions, thus lacking the distinctive essence inherent in regionally rooted
cultures. Mass culture tends to replicate the individualistic ethos of liberalism while
fostering a perspective of citizens as consumers.
(Source: asset-science in society)

5. Folk Literature
Folk literature, often termed folklore or oral tradition, encompasses the collective
knowledge and convictions of cultures without written language. It's passed down orally
and encompasses prose and verse narratives, poems, songs, myths, dramas, rituals,
proverbs, riddles, and similar expressions. Nearly all historical or contemporary societies
have produced folk literature.
(Source: britannica.com)

6. High Culture
High culture pertains to authentic, genuine works of art and individual creativity,
accompanied by the aesthetic gratification derived from their discerning appreciation.
This appreciation necessitates the demonstration of taste, discernment, and
sophistication, all contributing to the cultural refinement of an elite stratum. This stands
in contrast to the more "mere entertainment" aspects associated with popular (mass)
culture, commercial commodification, and uncritical consumption. The term originated
in the mid-19th century and is intrinsically linked with distinctions of social class.
(Source: oxfordreference.com)

7. Low Culture
Low culture designates artistic works that align more closely with the general populace,
rather than elite circles. It's often synonymous with popular culture, being considered
the direct counterpoint to high culture. Examples encompass afternoon gossip shows,
pop music by artists like Icona Pop, and television programs that cater to broader
audiences.
(Source: WordPress.com)