GEC 06 Art Appreciation Module 8

Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND SCIENCES
Olongapo City Sports Complex, Donor St., East Tapinac, Olongapo City 2200
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
www.gordoncollege.edu.ph
Title: Literary Arts

Module No. 8
I. Introduction
This module deals with the definition, elements, kinds, and history of poetry. It also enumerates notable
artists and their contributions in this field.
It also deals with the definition, elements, kinds, and history of prose. It also enumerates notable artists and
their contributions in this field.
II. Learning Objectives

After studying this module, you should be able to:
1. Identify the different types of literature

2. Explain different elements of poetry
3. Appreciate a drama of your choice
4. Write a relevant literary art
III. Topics and Key Concepts
Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

NOT FOR SALE. EXCLUSIVE FOR GORDON COLLEGE ONLY.
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
A. Literary Arts.
Definition
Literary arts are those presented in the written mode and intended to be read. These include prose (short stories,
novels, essays, and plays) and poetry (narrative poems, lyric poems, and dramatic poems). Prose forms differ from
verse or poetic forms in that the former are in paragraph (composed of sentences) form, while the latter are in
stanza (composed of lines) form.
B. Poetry
Definition
Poetry is that broad genre of literature that is written in stanza form. It is characterized by a regular rhythmic
pattern, rhyme, horizontal and/or vertical measure, imagery, symbolism, and figurative language. These elements
make it distinct from prose forms.
Elements
Measure. Measure involves the counting of the number of lines and stanzas (vertical measure) and the number of
syllables and feet (horizontal measure).
Vertical Measure. Poems and stanzas are classified according to the number of lines. When a stanza or a
poem has two lines, it is called a couplet; three lines, a triplet (the three lines rhyme) or tercet (the first and
last lines rhyme); four lines, quatrain or quartet; five lines, cinquain or quintain; six lines, sestet; seven
lines, septet; eight lines, octave; nine lines, nonet; and so forth.
Horizontal Measure. Lines are described according to the number of syllables, A line with one syllable is
described as monosyllabic; with two syllables disyllabic; with three syllables, trisyllabic; with four syllables,
tetrasyllabic; with five syllables, pentasyllabic; with six syllables, hexasyllabic; with seven syllables,
heptasyllabic; with eight syllables, octosyllabic; with nine syllables, nonasyllabic; with ten syllables,
decasyllabic; with eleven syllables, decasyllabic; and with twelve syllables, dodecasyllabic. When lines are
measured according to the number of feet or meters, they are classified as follows: a line with one foot,
monometer; with two feet, dimeter; with three feet, trimeter; with four feet, tetrameter; with five feet,
pentameter; with six feet, hexameter; with seven feet, heptameter; and with eight feet, Octameter.
Rhythm. Rhythm is the regular succession of accented and unaccented syllables in a line. It is associated with the
metrical feet, which are classified as follows: iamb, a foot with an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed
syllable; anapest, a foot with two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable; trochee, a foot with a stressed
syllable followed by an unstressed syllable; dactyl, a foot with a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed
syllables; spondee, a foot with two stressed syllables; and pyrrhic foot, a foot with two unstressed syllables.

City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Rhyme. Rhyme is the presence of words that have similar or identical final sounds. For example, reading the poem
entitled "How Do I Love Thee? by Elizabeth Barrett-Browning, one can observe the rhyming of terminal Words. The
rhyme scheme or pattern of the poem above is abbaabba (octave) and cdcdcd (sestet); thus, the poem is a
Petrarchan or Italian sonnet. If a sonnet has three quatrains and one couplet with the rhyme pattern abab cdcd efef
gg. then it is a Shakespearean or English sonnet. If a sonnet has three quatrains and a couplet having the rhyme
pattern abab bcbc cdcd ee, then it is a Spenserian Sonnet. If it is a Filipino sonnet, it has a variable rhyme pattern
and variable measure. Below are examples of sonnets. And it must hold fire as well.
Internal Rhyme. When the rhyming words are found within one line, an internal rhyme exists. Line 2 of the
poem above shows an internal rhyme (depth and breadth).
Terminal Rhyme. When the rhyming words are found at the end of lines, a terminal rhyme exists. The
poems above shows terminally rhyming words..
Perfect Rhyme. Perfect rhyme occurs when the final sounds of rhyming words are identical. Paired words
such as choose and lose, death and breath, and rhyme and dime exhibit perfect rhyme.
Approximate Rhyme. Approximate rhyme occurs when the final sounds of rhyming words are similar.
Paired words such as thing and sin, meet and fit, and ice and eyes show approximate rhyme.
Eye Rhyme. Eye rhyme occurs when the words have identical final letters which do not sound the same;
thus, the words appear to rhyme. Paired words such as lone and done, heroine and entwine, groan and
Roan exhibit eye rhyme.
Masculine Rhyme or Single Rhyme. Masculine rhyme occurs when the rhyming words have one (single)
syllable each. Paired words such as stake and make, main and sane, and maim and same exhibit masculine
rhyme.
Feminine Rhyme or Double Rhyme. Feminine rhyme occurs when the rhyming words have two (double)
syllables each and the stress on the first syllable. Paired words such as father and mother, loving and hating,
and action and station exhibit feminine rhyme.
Compound Rhyme. Compound rhyme occurs when the rhyming words are compound words forming two
pairs of rhyming words. Paired words such as fish broth and dishcloth, love boat and sob note, and hair
band and Fairland exhibit compound rhyme.
Monorime. A monerime exists when all the lines in the stanza have the same final sound. A tanaga, a
korido, and an awit have monoriming quatrains with lines of seven, eight, and twelve syllables, respectively
Dirime. A dirime exists when a stanza has two pairs or sets of rhyming words. Thus, a quatrain which has a
rhyme pattern of abab, abba, or aabb exhibits dirime.
Tririme. A tririme exists when a stanza has three pairs or sets of rhyming words. Hence, a sestet having a
rhyme pattern of abcabc, aabbcc, or abccba, exhibits tririme.
Rime Riche or Identical Rhyme. Rime riche or identical rhyme occurs when the rhyming words are
homonyms. It is exemplified by paired words such as steak and stake, main and mane, and pail and pale.

City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Imagery. Imagery is the creation of a picture or pictures by using words that appeal to the senses. It is either visual,
auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile or tactual, kinesthetic, or thermal.
Visual Imagery. Visual imagery involves the sense of sight. Words pertainingto size (big, small, tall, etc.),
shape (ovoid, triangula, octagonal, etc.),color (azure, verdant, fuchsia, etc.), and similar physical
characteristics contribute to the visual imagery.
Auditory Imagery. Auditory imagery involves the sense of hearing. Words pertaining to sound (loud, soft,
noisy, etc.) present auditory imagery.
Olfactory Imagery. Olfactory imagery involves the sense of smell. Words pertaining to odors or scents
(stinking, aromatic, pungent, etc.) present olfactory imagery.
Gustatory Imagery. Gustatory imagery involves the sense of taste. Words pertaining to taste (sweet, acrid,
stale, etc.) present gustatory imagery.
Tactile or Tactual Imagery. Tactile or tactual imagery involves the sense of touch. Words pertaining to
texture (rough, smooth, etc.) and touch (slippery, wet, dry, etc.) contribute to tactile imagery.
Kinesthetic Imagery. Kinesthetic imagery involves the sense of movement words pertaining to motion
(fast, slow, quaking, etc.) present kinesthetic Imagery.
Thermal imagery. Thermal imagery involves the sense of heat. It is exemplified Dy heat-related words
such as lukewarm, hot, cold, etc..
Symbolism. Symbolism is manifested when one thing is let to represent another. A symbol is something which
represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention. For example, a mountain is used to
symbolize a great obstacle; a strong wall, a powerful or influential person; flowers, ladies or women; and butterflies
and bees, men courting women.
Figures of Speech. Figures of speech are those words and phrases connotatively used by the writer to
communicate an abstract idea or to produce an effect that words used in their ordinary or denotative sense can’t
produce, Simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification etc.,
Kinds
Narrative Poem. A narrative poem serves to tell a story. It is either an epic, a ballad, a metrical tale, or a metrical
romance.
Epic. An epic is a long narrative poem which deals with the exploits or adventures of a hero. It is classified as a folk
epic if is of unknown authorship, or as a literary epic if it was purposely written by an author whomade himself
known. The llocano epic "Biag ni Lam-ang used to be a folk epic when it was still a part of the Ilocanos oral
literature, but when Pedro Bukaneg (considered the Father of llocano Literature) put it into writing and claimed
authorship of it, the epic became a literary epic.
Ballad. A ballad is a short narrative poem which deals with a single incident and has a singable quality. Similar to
an epic, a ballad is classified into a folk ballad if it is not authored or a literary ballad if somebody claimed
authorship of it. Francois Villon's "The Ballad of Dead Ladies is an example of a literary ballad.

City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Metrical Tale. A metrical tale is a short story in verse form. It lacks the singable quality of a ballad.
Metrical Romance. A metrical romance is a love story in verse form. It differs from a metrical tale for the reason
that its subject is love.
Dramatic Poem. A dramatic poem is a poem intended to be performed or staged. It is classified into tragedy,
comedy, tragicomedy, farce, melodrama, historical play, and religious play.
Lyric Poem. A lyric poem is a poem which deals with a certain subject matter.
Ode. An ode is a poem addressed to some praised object, person, or quality, characteristically exhortatory and
philosophical, and using an elevated language.
Elegy. An elegy is a poem for the dead that is far from pessimistic, ennobling, exalted in tone, and offering an
optimistic note in the end.
Simple Lyric. A simple lyric is a poem that is pictorial and reflective.
Song. A song is a melodious poem intended to be sung and readily adapted to music.
Psalm. A psalm is a song of praise to God or the Virgin Mary.
Sonnet. A sonnet is a 14-line poem. It is classified into Petrarchan, Shakespearean, Spenserian, or Filipino.
Hymn. A hymn is a metrical composition adapted for singing in a religious service. Like a psalm, it is a song of joy
or praise to the Lord or the Virgin Mary.
History of Literature
Prehistoric Period. The first forms of literature were oral. Folk tales, fairy tales, riddles, proverbs, epics, legends,
myths, fables, and short literary pieces were handed from one generation to the next by word of mouth. The first
written forms of literature came when writing was invented. The Egyptians and Mesopotamians had their
hieroglyphic and cuneiform writings, respectively. The Filipinos had their alibata, with which they produced their
bugtong, kasabihan, kawikaan, salawikain, hele or oyayi, tagulaylay, diana, tagumpay, kumintang, kundiman,
indulanin, and the like.
Greek Period. The foremost writer of Ancient Greece was the blind poet Homer, who wrote the world-renowned
epics, "Iliad" (Story of llion or Troy) and "Odyssey" (Story of Odysseus). Other great writers were the tragedians
Aeschylus (Father of Greek Tragedy), Euripides, and Sophocles (Father of Theban Plays"); the comedians
Aristophanes (Father of Greek Comedy) and Menander; the historian Herodotus ("Father of Greek History"); and
the philosophers Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle ("Father of Literary Criticism). In poetry, Pindar (choral lyrics),
Anacreon (songs), Simonides (elegies), and Sappho (love lyrics) were famous.
Roman Period. The Romans merely imitated the works of the Greeks. Virgil combined the two works of Homer
into one epic entitled Aeneid" (Story of Aeneas, one of the characters in the Trojan War). Other writers who
patterned their works after the works of the Greeks were Plautus and Terence, who imitated Menander's plays, and
Seneca, who translated into Latin the works of the three Greek tragedians. In philosophy, Cicero was then the
greatest, while in history, Tacitus (considered the greatest Roman historian), Livy, Quintilian, Jevenal, Pliny the

City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Elder, and Pliny the Younger made names. Ovid (narrative poems), Catullus (love lyrics), Martial, Lucan (Marcus
Annaeus Lucanus), and Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus) were notable poets.
Medieval Period. This period witnessed the birth of two great folk epics: Nibelungenlied" ("The Song of the
Nibelungs") from Germany and The Song of Roland" from France. With the spread of Christianity, writers came up
with religious writings. Among them were St. Francis of Assisi ("Peace Prayer) and Martin Luther King ('A Mighty
Fortress Is Our God"). Asian writers who won fame were Lady Sei Shonagon and Lady Sarashina from Japan, Wang
Wei, Li Po, and Tu Fu from China, and Omar Khayyam and Hafiz from Persia (Cruz et al., 2004).
Renaissance of Period. The period of reflowering of literature produced two great sonneteers Francesco Petrarch
("Father of Italian Sonnet") and William Shakespeare ("Father of English Sonnet, "Bard of Avon, and the greatest
dramatist of all time). Other notable writers during this period included Christopher Marlowe (the first great
English dramatist), Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (“Father of Modern Essay"), Giovanni Boccaccio, Francois
Rabelais, Miguel de Cervantes (author of the Spanish epic, "Don Quixote de la Mancha"), and Niccolo Machiavelli.
Post-Renaissance Period. Encompassing the periods from the Age of Mannerism to the Realist and Naturalist
Period, the Post-Renaissance Period was a carry-over of the previous period. The better-known poets were John
Donne, John Milton, Francois Duc de la Rochefoucauld, Saint Teresa of Avila, Saint John of the Cross, Johann
Wolfgang von Goethe (Germany's greatest poet and the greatest figure in German literature) Heinrich Heine, Rainer
Maria Rilke, Alexander Pushkin, Charles Baudelaire, Theophile Gautier, Paul Verlaine, Stephane Mallarme, Arthur
Rimbaud, Giacomo Leopardi, William Blake, William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, Alfred Lord
Tennyson, Emily Dickinson, and haiku writers Matsuo 'Basho' Munefusa and Taniguchi Buson. The more famous
prose writers included John Dryden ("Father of the English Prose and "Father of English Literary Criticism"), Henry
Fielding (Father of the English Novel"), Samuel Richardson ("Father of the English Short Story" Edgar Allan Poe
("Father of the American Short Story"), William Faulkner, Guy de Maupassant ("Father of the French Short Story),
Jean Jacques Rousseau ("Father of French Romanticism"), Honore de Balzac ("Father of French Realism"),
Jean-Baptiste Poquelin aka Moliere (Frances greatest comic dramatist and "Shakespeare of France"), Francois Marie
Arouet aka Voltaire (one of the leaders of the Enlightenment), Kalidasa ("Shakespeare of India'), Rabindranath
Tagore (Foremost Indian Aesthete), Feodor Dostoevsky (Russian psychological novelist) (Espina et al. 2004),
Prosper Merimee, Henrik Ibsen ("Father of Modern Drama"), Lope de Vega (founder of the Spanish national
drama), Leo Tolstoy, and Anton Chekhov, one of Russia's greatest playwrights.
Modern Period. The period of modernism was marked by avant-gardeism. During this period, literature was
characterized by a departure from the traditional forms, particularly in poetry, and from the conventional subjects.
Brought about by new ideologies emergent with the influx of innovations in various disciplines, literary writings
were not only divergent but also relevant to the changing times.
In the Philippines, the period commenced with the downfall of the Spaniards during the Philippine Revolution of
1896 and with the introduction of English as the medium of instruction and communication after the defeat of the
Spanish troops in the Spanish- American War. Besides Spanish and Tagalog, English was used by writers in literary
production. The establishment of the University of the Philippines in 1908 and the proliferation of publications,
literary associations (for example, PEN or Poets, Essayists, and Novelists), and award-giving bodies (for example
Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards and Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Awards in Essay-Writing) patronizing English as
a medium of communication paved the way to the blossoming of Philippine literature in English divided into the
following periods:

City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
1900-1910 Period of Orientation

1910-1920 Period of Apprenticeship
1920-1940 Period of Experimentation
1941-1944 Period of Discontent
1951-1971 Post-War Period
1951-1971 Modern Period
1972-1986 Martial Law Era
1986 to date Post-Martial Law Era or Contemporary Period
According to Francisco Tonogbanua (1984), the divisions of Philippine literature in English are as follows:
A. American Regime
1898-1925 Period of Orientation and Imitation
1925-1935 Period of Experimentation and Development
B. Commonwealth Period
1935-1941 Period of Golden Harvest
1941-1946 Period of Apprehension and Doubt
C. Republic Period
1946-1972 Period of the Old Society
1972-1981 Period of the New Society
1982-present Period of the New Republic
C. Prose
Definition
Prose is that broad genre of literature that is written in paragraph form. It is an expression that does not have a
regular rhythmic pattern. It differs from poetry in the sense that it does not have measure and rhyme, besides
rhythm with sustained regularity. All genres of prose, except essays, have the following elements: setting,
characters, theme, plot, conflict, and point of view.
Elements
Since most of the prose forms are narrative, the succeeding elements pertain to narrative prose.
Setting. Setting refers to the time and locale of the story. It has the following elements: locale (broad category of
place), time of year, time of day, elapsed time, mood and atmosphere, climate, geography, man-made geography,
eras of historical importance, social/political/cultural environment, population, and ancestral influences (Jessica
Morrell's "Between the Lines").
Characters. The characters are categorized into principal and supporting characters. The principal characters are
the protagonist and the primary antagonist, whereas the supporting characters are the supporting antagonists,
confidants, foil, and background characters. The characters may be dynamic (change their traits as the story
progresses) or static (remain the same throughout the story). The traits of the characters are revealed by their

City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
speech and actions, by the author's descriptions, by what other characters say about them, and by their
juxtaposition with other characters. Their characterization is divided into four levels: physical (sex, age, size, color,
race, etc.), social (economic status, profession, trade, religion, family, language, and social environment),
psychological (mindsets, attitudes, and behaviors), and moral (dilemma faced by the character).
Protagonist. The protagonist or the hero is the main character around whom the story revolves. In the fairy
tale entitled "Cinderella, the protagonist is Cinderella. More often than not, the protagonist is a good hero or
heroine. If the protagonist is a bad one or does not possess the traits of a conventional hero, he is described
as an anti-hero or an anti-heroine.
Antagonist. The antagonist or the villain is the main or the supporting character who opposes the
protagonist. In "Cinderella, the antagonists are Cenedella’s stepmother and stepsisters. If the antagonist is
not a human being but a natural force, the villain is called an antagonistic force, for example, a fire or a
cyclone.
Confidant/e. The confidant or confidante (feminine) is the supporting character upon whom the
protagonist confides. He is the sidekick of the hero; he is a constant companion of the hero and knows
almost everything about the hero. The fairy godmother must be the confidante of Cinderella.
Foil. The foil is the supporting character who serves as a contrast to the hero but does not necessarily
oppose him. The traits of the foil balance those of the hero.
Background Character. The background characters are those characters who provide reality to the story
by their mere presence. For example, in "Cinderella, they are the people who attended the ball sponsored by
the prince.
Unseen Character. The unseen character is an absent character who, even in his absence, affects the
development of the story.
Theme. The theme is the idea or concept of the author expressed in a concise statement. Referred to as the
message of the story, it concretizes the abstract idea the writer wants to impart. It may be ferreted out from the title
of the story, the plot, the atmosphere, the dialogue of characters, the recurrent use of imagery, and the use of
symbols. In some stories, for example, Aesop's fables, the theme is stated as the moral of the story.
Plot. The plot is the chronological sequence of events in the story. It is divided into the following parts: exposition,
rising incident/s, complication, crisis, climax, denouement or resolution, falling incident/s, and conclusion.
Exposition. The first part of the plot, the exposition introduces the setting and the characters of the story. It is also
called the introduction or status quo. When the story starts in the conflict or in the middle, it is called in medias res.
Rising Incidents/s. The rising incidents are those incidents that lead to the complication.
Complication. The complication is the longest part of the narrative, in which the conflict develops.
Crisis. The crisis is the problem of the story.
Climax. The climax is the highest point of the story, during which the readers know how the conflict will be
resolved.

City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Denouement or Resolution. The denouement or resolution is the part of the plot in which the conflict is resolved.
Falling Incident/s. The falling incidents are those incidents that lead to the conclusion. Shorter than the rising
action, the falling action may still have some suspenseful moments but, for the most part, gives the reader or
audience a sense of completion, with the various unsettled issues at work within the plot reaching some state of
resolution.
Conclusion. The conclusion is the last part of the story's plot. It gives the story some finality. There are times,
however, when the story ends with a cliffhanger and the reader is left to make his conclusion.
Conflict. Conflict is the motivating, driving force that involves both characters and readers in the narrative.
Synonymous with opposition, conflict is classified into social, physical, metaphysical, and internal or personal
conflict.
Social Conflict. Social conflict exists when the protagonist and the antagonist are opposed to each other.
Known as man versus man conflict, it is exemplified by Cinderella opposed by her stepmother and
stepsisters.
Physical Conflict. Physical conflict occurs when the protagonist struggles against physical forces such as
natural calamities, illnesses, and the like. Known as "man versus nature" conflict, it is exemplified by the
father in the short story Thirsty Is the Arid Land" who dies of a lingering illness.
Metaphysical Conflict. Metaphysical conflict exists when the protagonist fights supernatural beings such
as gods and goddesses, vampires, werewolves, elves, fairies, and the like. This "man versus supernatural
beings “conflict is shown in the novels of J. K. Rowling, the Harry Potter series, and of J.R.R. Tolkien, the
"Lord of the Rings" series.
Personal or Internal or Psychological Conflict. Personal or internal conflict Occurs when the character
experiences a dilemma. The conflict exists within the person as what Rose encountered in "Titanic when
she was torn between two lovers, Jack and her fiancé.
Point of View. The point of view is the angle of narration. The frame of reference the author takes in telling the
story is either first person or third person (omniscient, objective, or selective).
Autobiographical Point of View. The autobiographical point of view is the first- person or the "T point of
view. When the narrator is either the principal character or any of the supporting characters who reports
his experiences to the readers, the writer employs a participant's first-person point of view. On the other
hand, when the narrator does not take an active part in the story, the writer uses an observer’s first-person
point of view,
Omniscient Third-Person Point of View. The omniscient third-person viewpoint is employed by the
author when the narrator does not take part in the story, but as an all-knowing (omniscient) observer, he
sees all the events and knows the speech, actions, thoughts, and emotions (SATE) of the characters and
reports them to the readers.

City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Objective Third-Person Point of View. The objective third-person viewpoint is used by the writer when
the narrator does not take part in the story, but reports objectively the events in the story. He states only
what he observes, that is, the speech and actions of the characters, and not their thoughts and emotions.
Selective Third-Person Point of View. The selective third-person viewpoint is used by the writer when
the narrator does not take part in the story, but he knows the speech, actions, thoughts, and emotions of
some characters and reports them; however, with the rest of the characters, he reports only their speech
and actions.
Tone. The tone is the emotional climate inherent in the story. It can be tragic, angry, humorous, pathetic,
condemning, condescending, accusing, satirical, cynical, romantic, sympathetic, etc.
Atmosphere. The atmosphere is either the psychological environment or the predominant tone or mood of the
literary piece.
Kinds
Prose works are classified into fiction, drama, and essay.
Fiction. The counterpart of narrative poetry, fiction includes prose works that tell a story. It is classified into short
stories, novels, and novelettes.
Short Story. A short story is a narrative prose that has one to ten pages, a single setting, few characters (from two
to five), a Singular theme, and a simple plot. Because it is short, it is read in one sitting. Based on focus, short stories
are categorized into stories of character, stories of plot, stories of theme, and stories of atmosphere or setting. A
story of character focuses on the protagonist who takes an active role in the development of the plot; a story of plot
centers on the series of events that influence the actions of the protagonist; a story of theme emphasizes the central
idea which the writer intends to relate to the life of the protagonist; and a story of setting places utmost importance
to the time and locale of the story a through vivid description of the two and how these affect the protagonist.
Novel. A novel is a narrative prose that has about 50 pages or more, multiple setting, many characters (20 or more),
a plurality of themes, and a complicated plot. Because of its length, it is read in more than one sitting. Novels are
classified into detective novels, romantic novels, philosophical novels, historical novels, religious novels, symbolic
novels, naturalistic novels, realistic novels, stream-of-consciousness novels, bildungsnoman, novels of the sea,
novels of the soil, and novels of adventure.
Novelette. A novelette is a short novel. It is a narrative prose intermediate between a novel and a short story.
Drama. The counterpart of dramatic poetry, a drama or play is a narrative prose intended to be performed on
stage. It is classified into tragedy, Comedy, tragicomedy, farce, melodrama, closet drama, and religious play. (See
Kinds of Drama for the definition of the different kinds of prose drama.)
Historical Play
Tragedy Farce
Religious Play
Comedy Melodrama
Tragicomedy

City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Closet Drama. A closet drama is a drama that is intended to be read, not to be staged or performed.
Essay. The counterpart of lyric poetry, an essay is a prose work dealing with a single subject, usually representing
the writers personal experience and outlook. It is either a formal or an informal essay. Essays are grouped into
reflective essays, critical essays, editorial essays, nature essays, Scientific essays, narrative essays, descriptive
essays, speculative essays, socio-political essays, character sketch essays, and biographical essays. They are
analyzed based on the following items: SOAPS (Speaker -the writer himself Occasion, Audience-the reader/s,
Purpose-the writer's objective or goal in writing, and Subject-the topic or theme), appeals (Ethos or ethical
appeal-convincing by means of the writers character or credibility; Logos or logical appeal-persuading by the use of
logical reasoning, and Pathos or emotional appeal-persuading by appealing to the readers emotions), diction (word
choice), syntax (word arrangement), imagery (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, kinesthetic, and
thermal), tone (the writer's attitude or feeling about his subject), and details.
Formal Essay. A formal essay is an essay which has for its subject matter "high-brow" topics such as
scientific findings, societal problems, religious conflicts, etc. Its language is technical, highly standardized,
and educated. Also called impersonal, unfamiliar, or heavy essay, it has a serious, objective, and
dispassionate tone.
Informal Essay. An informal essay is an essay which has for its subject matter topics that are light or
familiar such as pencils or waiting for a ride. Its language may be colloquial or even slangy. Also called
personal, familiar, or light essay, it has a conversational, flippant, and subjective tone.
IV. Teaching and Learning Materials and Resources
1. Powerpoint Presentation
2. Module
V. Learning Task
Write a FREESTYLE POEM expressing yourself today, and what would you be (feel) tomorrow. Write it
down on a paper and add designs and other layouts (5 Stanza English). You can also create digitally.
A. Reference
Menoy, J. Z., (2014). Introduction to the Humanities: A Holistic Approach. (Revised Edition)
Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. Mandaluyong City. ISBN 971-0412-62-4


GEC 06 Art Appreciation Module 8

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

GEC 06 Art Appreciation Module 8

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Republic of the Philippines

Title: Literary Arts

II. Learning Objectives

1. Identify the different types of literature

III. Topics and Key Concepts

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Simple Lyric. A simple lyric is a poem that is pictorial and reflective.

Psalm. A psalm is a song of praise to God or the Virgin Mary.

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

1900-1910 Period of Orientation

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Crisis. The crisis is the problem of the story.

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Prose works are classified into fiction, drama, and essay.

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

Art Appreciation (GEC 06)

You might also like