Name: Diosan Dave Venus

BCE413D (1664)

Let’s Check
ULO 1A
1. Cost Estimate
- The anticipated cost of the project is established using a cost estimate. It
depends on the project's size, level of difficulty, and available resources. The
cost estimate may be used to develop a budget, evaluate the project's
viability, and monitor expenses as the work progresses.

2. Quantity Surveying
- the evaluation, cost planning, and measurement of construction and civil
engineering projects. To determine a project's cost, manage its budget, and
make sure it is finished on schedule and under budget, quantity surveyors
employ their expertise in mathematics, economics, and construction.

3. Quantity Surveyor
- A quantity surveyor is a professional who determines the cost of building
projects, manages their budgets, and makes sure they are completed on
schedule and within budget. Quantity surveyors determine the quantity of
materials and labor required for a project and estimate the cost of those items
and labor using their knowledge of mathematics, economics, and
construction. They also work along with clients and project managers to
establish the project's budget and keep track of its development to make sure
it stays on schedule.

4. Estimator
- To finish projects on time and under budget, estimators work together with
clients, project managers, and contractors. The estimator is in charge of all
the plans, proposals, and manuals. They create the most precise cost
estimate they can using their knowledge of supplies, labor, and overhead
costs.

5. Detailed estimates
- are precise cost projections based on a thorough comprehension of the
project's scope, schedule, and available resources. They take more time and
effort to generate but are typically more accurate than first predictions. To bid
on projects or create solid budgets, detailed estimates are used.
6. Appropriation estimates
- The appropriation estimate, which is the conceptual estimate that is the most
exact, is used to decide whether to fund the project. A certain amount of
money will be put aside to cover project expenses if the potential benefits of
the project surpass the anticipated costs; this process is known as
appropriation. The project budget, which is used to monitor expenses and
make sure the project stays under budget, is built upon the appropriation
estimate.

7. Bill of Quantities
- The costs of a building project's materials, labor, and other expenses are
listed in a bill of quantities (BOQ). It is employed to help contractors set the
price of their bids for the project and guarantee that it is completed on time
and within the allocated budget.

8. Quantity Take off.

- Employing the paperwork and drawings for the project's scope, which are
divided into line components and quantities measured. Quantity take-off is the
process of calculating the number of materials and manpower required to
complete a construction project. A bill of quantities, a document that details
the project's materials, labor, and other costs, is produced using it.

9. Drawing Plan
- A technical drawing that shows the arrangement of a structure or object is
called a drawing plan. It is frequently used to describe project design to
contractors, engineers, and other stakeholders in the construction,
engineering, and architectural sectors. Various software applications may be
used to create drawing plans, although they are typically created by hand
using drafting tools.

10. Direct and Indirect Cost

- There are two categories of expenses in accounting and project
management: direct costs and indirect costs. Direct costs, like labor and
materials, are expenses that are directly related to a specific good or service.
In contrast, indirect costs, such as office supplies like paper, pencils, and
computers, cannot be directly linked to a particular good or service.
ULO 1B
Let’s Check
1. Project initiation
- Project initiation is the initial stage of the project management lifecycle. It is
the procedure for defining the project, getting permission to proceed, and
assembling the project team.

2. Scope definition
- Scope definition is the process of establishing a project's boundaries. It
involves figuring out the project's goals, deliverables, and constraints. such as
taking employees, supplies, and equipment into account.
3. Pre-estimate planning
- Pre-estimate planning is the process of creating an initial cost estimate for a
project. Typically, it is carried out early in the project, before the project scope
is fully defined. It is an important step since it guarantees that the project is
viable and that the project team is aware of its expenses.
4. Quantity take-offs and item descriptions
- Quantity take-off, or QTO, is the process of estimating the amount of labor
and materials needed to complete a building project. A bill of quantities
(BOQ), a document that lists the project's materials, labor, and other costs, is
produced using it. An item description is a detailed explanation of a single
item or part of a construction project. Name, amount, unit of measurement,
and any other relevant data are all included.
5. Data sources and costing
- Data sources are the locations where data comes from. For construction
projects, possible data sources include past project data, market data, and
vendor bids. Costing is the process of figuring out how much a thing costs.
Costing involves figuring out how much materials, labor, and other expenses
for construction projects will cost.
6. Direct cost totals
- The direct cost total is the total of all direct costs for a project. Direct costs are
expenses that are directly connected to the production of a good or service;
they frequently include labor, materials, and subcontracted services. Total
direct costs play a crucial role in project planning and budgeting. They help to
make that the project has enough funding and that the project team is aware
of its expenses.
7. Summary and cover sheets
- A brief overview of a document or project is called a summary. In order to
offer readers a brief summary of the subject matter of the document or
project, it is typically placed at the beginning of both. A page that comes
before a document or project is called a cover sheet. It often comprises the
 name of the author, the title of the document or project, the date the
document or project was created, and the goal of the document or project.
8. Documentation and checking
- Project plans, requirements papers, test plans, and user manuals are a few
examples of the kinds of documents that can be included in documentation.
Documentation is the activity of creating and maintaining written records of a
project or process. Verifying that documentation is accurate and
comprehensive is the process of checking. It could involve examining the
documentation for mistakes, contrasting the documentation with the project or
process, and testing the documentation to make sure it works as intended.
9. Management review
- Regularly assessing a project's or process's development to ensure that it is
on track and accomplishing its goals is known as management review. The
project manager or a group of managers who oversee the project or process
typically carry it out.
10. Estimate issue and filing.
- A fault in an estimate that might lead to a cost overrun or schedule delay is
known as an estimate issue. Numerous factors, such as inaccurate data,
exaggerated predictions, or unforeseen occurrences, may be to blame. Filling
is the process of revising an estimate to consider modifications to a project's
budget, schedule, or scope. To maintain the project on schedule and under
budget, it is essential to keep estimates current.
11. Cost feedback/continual improvement
- Cost feedback is the procedure of acquiring data on the actual expenses of a
project or activity. This information may be used to identify areas where the
project or process might be enhanced or cost-cutting possibilities. Continuous
improvement refers to the process of making ongoing changes to a project or
process to increase its effectiveness, efficiency, and quality.
ULO 1B
In a Nutshell
1. I discovered that being familiar with a project's features makes it more likely that
it will be well-planned and successful. By being aware of the characteristics of
the project, the project manager may create a plan that is tailored to its
requirements. This can help in meeting the project's deadlines, spending
constraints, and quality requirements.

2. I discovered that a checklist of operations contains several steps after careful

comprehension. simply because it guarantees that all required stages are carried
out in the proper sequence to accomplish a job or process. This can help with the
avoidance of mistakes and omissions, as well as the efficient and timely
execution of tasks.

3. I discovered that budgeting and data sources are two essential components of
project management. Data sources are the places where data comes from,
whereas costing is the process of determining what something will cost. In
project management, data sources are utilized to gather details about the project,
such as its scope, schedule, and budget. Following that, a project plan is created
using this data, and the project's progress is monitored. Another crucial
component of project management is costing. It is employed to determine the
project's cost, which is required for budgeting and decision-making.

4. I discovered that item descriptions, which give information on the materials and
components used in a project, are helpful in the building sector. Many different
parties can benefit from this information, including contractors who can use item
descriptions to correctly bid on projects and make sure they have the necessary
materials and components on hand.
ULO 1C
Let’s Check

1. What information is contained in the working drawings?

- Working drawings are technical drawings that include exact information about
a building project. Working drawings display all project dimensions, including
those for walls, floors, ceilings, doors, windows, and furniture. The materials
that will be utilized in a project, such as steel, concrete, and timber, are
identified in working drawings. Working drawings explain how different project
elements, including framing, roofing, and plumbing, will be constructed.
2. What information is contained in the technical specifications?
- Technical specifications are detailed written papers that outline all the
specifics for a building project. The general requirements, which give an
overview of the project and include the job scope, schedule, and budget, are
frequently observed. Materials specifications provide detailed information
regarding the characteristics, performance parameters, and quality standards
of the materials that will be utilized in a project. The requirements for the
construction techniques include particular instructions on how a project's
components are to be created, including the tools and equipment to be used,
the safety precautions to be taken, and the quality control systems to be put
in place.
3. What is the relationship between the working drawings and the technical
specifications?
- Technical specifications and working drawings are two essential building
papers. They work together to provide accurate details on a building project,
including everything from the overall design to the particular materials and
techniques to be employed. Technical drawings or working drawings show the
dimensions, components, and construction methods of a project. They are
frequently created by architects or engineers, and contractors use them to
submit bids and execute projects. Technical specifications are detailed written
papers that outline all the specifics for a building project. They frequently
include details on the materials, construction methods, testing, inspection,
and acceptance requirements for a project. They are frequently created by
architects or engineers, and contractors use them to submit bids and execute
projects. Technical specifications are textual descriptions, whereas working
drawings are visual representations of projects.
4. What is the difference between competitive and negotiated bidding?
- Contractors submit offers for a project through a procedure called competitive
bidding, and the owner selects the lowest bidder. It is used for all sizes and is
the most common type of bidding procedure. The owner advertises the
project, and contractors submit quotes in accordance with the contract
 documents. The contractor with the best price and quality is selected after the
owner and engineer examine the bids. This type of bidding procedure is
typically used for challenging projects or ones that demand a high degree of
skill. The owner frequently announces the project to a select number of
eligible contractors to begin the negotiated bidding process. After that, the
owner will meet with each contractor to go through their credentials and the
cost of the job.
5. What are the contract documents, and why are they so important?
- Because they paint a basic and understandable image of the project's
requirements, contract agreements are crucial. This can help prevent
expensive mistakes and delays during the construction process. They also
provide a framework for resolving disputes between the contractor and the
owner. They assist in keeping everyone in sync. Both the owner and the
contractor should carefully evaluate and concur on the contract documents
prior to the project's start. This will make it easier to finish the job on time and
on budget.
ULO 1C
Let’s Analyze
ARCHITECTURAL:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1fWZrYXoaaKxPl6DIkrkcz3TcOw_XuWMm?usp=s
haring
STRUCTURAL:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1bZX8wpqRHG4hD6Qw7wsVtHSndH6exYXe?us
p=sharing
PLUMBING:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1rO6dE2uHZK-tly10x8PbH1dDPb32fM-
b?usp=sharing
ELECTRICAL:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1tUue2pqbJO_E4vCK5DzN8nOUpXbzjfg1?usp=s
haring
ULO 1C
In a Nutshell
1. I discovered that agreements safeguard both parties' interests. Contracts may
foster collaboration and trust between the parties by being fair to both the owner
and the contractor. For the project to be completed successfully, this may be
crucial.
2. I discovered that some building projects call for bids. Bidding is used to select a
building project that is both affordable and of high quality. It helps ensure that the
job is completed by a skilled contractor. Contractors that make bids for a project
must fulfill certain criteria, such as having the necessary training and insurance.
This makes it more likely that the task will be completed by a skilled contractor
who can live up to the owner's expectations.
3. Building construction specifications are essential since they outline the materials,
parts, and building techniques that will be used in a project. They confirm that the
structure was constructed in compliance with the owner's specifications. Often,
the building construction requirements contain a description of the components,
materials, and construction techniques that will be used in the project. This
guarantees that the building will be constructed in line with the owner's vision and
budget.
4. I discovered that worker's compensation insurance is essential since it
safeguards the financial security of both employers and employees. If an
employee is injured or becomes ill while working, the employer is shielded from
liability. Employees may rest easy knowing that they will be protected financially if
they are wounded or become ill while working.
ULO 1D
In a Nutshell
1. I discovered that there are many variables to take into account while choosing
excavation equipment, including the kind of soil, job site circumstances,
excavation depth, quantity of groundwater, and space available for the
equipment. The kind of excavator used depends depend on the kind of soil. For
instance, a backhoe or excavator may be the ideal choice if the soil is loose and
sandy. A trencher or a hydraulic hammer may be required if the soil is hard and
rocky.
2. I discovered that since estimation relies on precision, it is crucial while computing
earthworks. However, there are situations when we can disregard heights with
relatively modest diameters. Additionally, occasionally ignoring an elevation error
of just 1 inch might have negative effects, particularly financially.
3. A bond, I discovered, is a legal instrument that guarantees a contractor will carry
out a job in accordance with the specified guidelines. The bond is frequently
given by a surety firm, a business that focuses on issuing bonds. They protect
owners from monetary obligations if a contractor fails to complete a project.
4. I discovered that there are many different techniques to remove and transport the
soil depending on the precise project needs. This is the most basic excavation
technique and is frequently used for small-scale activities, such hand digging and
shoveling. Backhoes are adaptable tools that may be used for a variety of
excavation tasks, including trench excavation, truck loading, and soil movement.
Excavation using a front shovel: Front shovels are adaptable tools that are
regularly used for extensive excavation tasks.