!"#$%&'( ')'*+µ&*,- µ!"#$%& &'()*! - +%,+-+#,./ .&" /0%"1#22,3*,-.

M!"#$%&
0'()*! 1!"#$%&/

4,)'".+ !"#$%&'(

- .,"35*(*& -
- /0%"1#22,3 -
- .5'µ,- -

!
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1!"#$%: ;'()*) II - 3$#6(.,'$) 1)<.µ),!/ ' 5),+'8*) 2=+>:%6
 !"#$%$

Control
Interface
Digital
Converter
IN

&'()µ*#+
,-)./0'1%$/
2#/µ$
Interpretation

Maps

Mapping

34#.'%$ 5)1
/6)1

Digital
Converter
OUT

76)8

"
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!"µ# $%&'#µ('") *+( ,-'./,&0 µ"%&+-#) &, 12(*µ('+-3
4235" µ, 42#&0 %1"/"*+&'65
!" #"$%&' µ()* +,-. $/$01µ"02. µ+0"0)231. 04, &%,1$+4, $+ 152 $+
3)"6µ"0%&- 5)-,2 µ+ 5)1$* /32726%$08, (,(" µ2/$%&' -)6","):

1. (ontrol Interface - 9%'µ+$2 :7(652/

!2 $;$0*µ" +7+6&08, 32/ µ+0"0)(3+% 3)'<+%. 02/ +&0+7+$01 $+ =*>%"&1
37*)2>2)?". !2 37*&0)27-6%2 1 02 32,0?&% +,-. 0/3%&2; 3)2$43%&2;
/32726%$01 +?,"% +, @/,'µ+% @%'µ+$" +7(652/ &"% 6%" 02, +%@%&-0+)2 $&23-
02/ µ2/$%&2; +7(652/.
:?@* 9%'µ+$4, :7(652/

A%" µ+6'7* 32%&%7?" @%">-)4, *7+&0)2,%&8, $/$&+/8, (52/, &"0'

&"%)2;. 5)*$%µ232%*B+? $", @%'µ+$" +7(652/.

2. Data (gestural or audio) recognition module

C+ "/0- 02 µ()2. 02/ $/$01µ"02. / 2)6',2/ * 37*)2>2)?" +)µ*,+;+0"%

8$0+ ," /3')5+% µ%" ","726?" µ+0"<; >/$%&8, 3)'<+4, &"% 04, =*>%"&8,
","3")"$0'$+4, 02/..

3. Mapping Procedures

:?,"% * @%"@%&"$?" @%"$;,@+$*. 04, 3")"µ(0)4, 0*. &?,*$*. µ+ 0%.

3")"µ(0)2/. +7(652/ 04, "&2/$0%&8, @%"$0'$+4, 0*. µ*5",1. 3")"6461.
02/ 152/.

A. Sound Engine (software or hardware) - A*5",1 3")"6461. 152/

#$ Digital to Analogue (onverter
A+0"0)23(". 0*. =*>%"&1. ","3")'$0"$*. 02/ 152/ $+ ","726%&-
*7+&0)%&- $1µ".

H. Sound Diffusion - 9%'5/$* 02/ 152/

#
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 72+'#2+( (8+"/3*0&0) 5.95 µ"%&+-65 "2*:595

Ease of use - 0).,26& 70"%"'µ,8

Potential for development of s9ill - $)3(*".+ &3#/*)9( $09",*0736&-
Reactive behavior- ')µ/0%":,%# '*(3 &3#$%&'(
Coherence of the cognitive model for control -')3;/0"& <3='*".,8
µ,3*;2,) 02;<7,)

> '70$"&'µ5- .&" ( .&*&'.0)+ 3;=3 µ,)'".?3 ,%<#3=3 +?)',:,)$ &/5:

1. 4,%:+, 20"*,)%<6&, '.,/5- .&" 0%<,3,µ6& *,) $"&µ;',) 02;<7,)

2. @%5/," .&" µ,3*;2& $"&'83$0'(- (0".,3".# .&" <3='*".#) µ0*&98

/&%&µ;*%=3 *(- .63('(- .&" &.,)'*".?3 $"&'*#'0=3 + .&" µ,)'".?3
20"*,)%<"?3.

3. A7(*".5- 7&%&.*+%&- *,) ,%<#3,) - @, µ,)'".5 5%<&3, '&3 /%,;.*&'(

*(- &3B%?/"3(- µ,)'".+- ;.:%&'(-.

5. C3*62(D( .&" :)'",2,<6& *,) &3B%?/,)

6. E.,/5- (µ,)'".+ &3&<.&"5*(*& *,) ,%<#3,))

7. F&*&35('( *=3 /%,*8/=3 $"&706%"'(- *(- 03;%<0"&- '*& /%,G/#%7,3*&

µ,)'".# 5%<&3&.

8.@073,2,<".+ &3#/*)9(

!+:µ,&( ;/.*4"% ($%

1+,'.#$µ) µ+(@<6 )?$!-&(6#6/ %)$ ,)?$*&µ6#6/'

Physical variables - A"#$%@/ µ+,)B-6,@/

Aimensionality of control C$)#,:#+$/ +-@(7!" (B)<µ!8 +-+"<+'8)/)
Multiplicity of control - D!--)D-&,6,) +-@(7!"
,'&D!$ +-@(7!" ()#"*+7./, #"*+7./)
D)')%!-!E<6#6 +-@(7!" (#"*+7./, )#"*+7./)

Eatency - H%53,- µ0*&98 0%0B6'µ&*,- .&" &/5.%"'(- (10 msec)

Fariation of latency - 40*&1,2+ *,) 7%53,) &/5.%"'(- (1 msec)
Precision - C.%610"&
Aata rate - I,+ *(- /2(%,:,%6&-
Range of physical gestures - J8%,- :)'".?3 ."3+'0=3 /,) 0/"*%;/,)3

$
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 <"5'./( ,-'./,&0) µ"%&+-#) (&%'

1. @, /&%&$,'"&.5 .&*# *,3 J.Pressing ;person physically manipulating

instrumentD -

@& 3;& µ;'& ;7,)3 .&*&'*+'0" $)3&*# .&" #22& $8, µ,3*;2& 0.*;20'(-
µ,)'".+-.

2. H%+'( /2(%,:,%6&- *,) &3B%=/63,) '?µ&*,- /,) $03 02;<70" ')30"$(*# ,

0.*020'*+- + /,) $03 /0%";7,)3 .63('( '*, 7?%,.

4,)'".# ;%<& /,) 7%('"µ,/,",83:

036'7)'( *,) .&%$"&.,8 %)Bµ,8

Pauline Oliveros Valentine (1969)
Merce Gunningham Loops (1971)

Brainwaves LEEGN + myo-electric signals LEMGN -

F8µ&*& 0<.0:#2,) + µ),(20.*%".# '+µ&*&.

Alvin Lucier Music for Solo Performer (1965)

David Rosenboom Ecology of the Skin (1970)

3. > 0.*020'*+- &3&'7(µ&*6K0" *, &/,*;20'µ& µ"&- $"&$".&'6&- *(- ,/,6&-

$03 ;70" *,3 ;20<7, /&%&<=<+- *(-. (sound sculpture - (7(*".+ <2)/*".+)

H%+'( .,3'52&- µ69(- + :62*%=3 + #22=3 $"&$".&'"?3

L", &/,µ&.%)'µ;3& &22# '0 &)*+ *(3 .&*(<,%6& /&%&$06<µ&*& µ,)'".?3
;%<=3:

Alvin Lucier Whistlers (1966) A20.*%".;- $"&*&%#90"- *(- ",35':&"%&-

Annea Lockwood World Rhythms (1975)

4&<3(*".5 /0$6, *(- <(-, $,3+'0"- '*(3 <(, pulsars

John Cage Imaginary Landscape No. 4, %&$"5:=3,

Max Neuhaus Public Supply (1966) *(20:=3+µ&*& '0 %&$",:=3".5 '*&Bµ5

A20.*%".+ 20"*,)%<6& *=3 :)*?3 L Ed Barnett, Norman Lederman, Gary

Burke Sterofernic OrchidstraN

%
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 <"%&+-: 32*(5(( -=50&0 -(+ (5'=/0>0 ()( *%

@, &3*"2(/*".5 '8'*(µ& *,) &3B%?/,) 063&" $,µ(µ;3, µ0 *;*,", *%5/, /,)

.#/,"0- ."3+'0"- <63,3*&" &3*"2(/*;- '&3 +7,-. A .63('( 035- &3*".0"µ;3,)
'*,3 7?%, 063&" ;3& '83B0*, :&"35µ03,, /,) µ/,%06 3& ;70" '&3 &/,*;20'µ&
/,22&/2;- ."3+'0"- '0 $"&:,%0*".;- *&78*(*0-. C/5 &)*;- &3*"2&µ1&35µ&'*0
'&3 +7, &)*;- /,) 0.*063,3*&" &/5 '70$53 16 .8.2,)- *, $0)*0%520/*, ;=-
/0%6/,) 20000 .8.2,)- *, $0)*0%520/*,. 4;%,- *=3 #22=3 ')73,*+*=3 -
')3B0*".?3 *=3 ."3+'0=3- /%,'2&µ1#3,3*&" &/5 *& )/52,"/& &"'B(*+%"&
5%<&3& *,) '?µ&*,-. M&630*&" 5*" *, &3*"2(/*".5 µ&- '8'*(µ& $"&7=%6K0"
*(3 /2(%,:,%6& /,) $075µ&'*0 &/5 *, /0%"1#22,3 µ&- '0 907=%"'*# .&3#2"&
/2(%,:,%6&- <"& 3& &/,.=$".,/,"+'0" .&" &3&28'0" *& 09=*0%".# 0%0B6'µ&*&.
C)*+ ( &/2,/,6('( *,) :&"3,µ;3,) *(- .63('(- 7%('"µ,/,"06*&" 0$? <"& 3&
*,3"'*06 ( 0<<03+- '7;'( *,) +7,) µ0 *(3 .63('(. J63&" *, 6$", :&"35µ03, /,)
/%,'2&µ1#3,)µ0 µ;', *=3 $"&:,%0*".?3 &"'B(*(%"&.?3 ')'*(µ#*=3 µ&- '&3
+7,, :=-, .2/.

N0=%?3*&- µ"& (7(*".+ µ,%:,2,<6& '&3 &/,*;20'µ& *(- .63('(- *(3

&/,.=$".,/,",8µ0 .&" &/,$6$,)µ0 *& 7&%&.*(%"'*".# *(- '0 ;3& /2;<µ&
&"*"?3 *(- .63('(- .&" ')'70*"'µ?3 *=3. C)*+ ( 20"*,)%<6& µ&- 063&" '70*".+
µ0 *(3 $"&.%"*".+ µ&- ".&35*(*&, /,) µ0 *( '0"%# *(- 063&" '70*".+ µ0 *"-
3,(*".;- &3&/&%&'*#'0"- µ&- (&/5 *(3 0µ/0"%6&) .&" *(3 '*"<µ"&6& .&*#'*&'(
*,) ')'*+µ&*,- &3*62(D(-. L"B&3# ( $"&.%"*".+ µ&- ".&35*(*& 063&" 0/6'(-
'70*".+ µ0 *(3 /%5B0'( µ&-. N& µ/,%,8'0 6'=- .#/,",- 3& )/,B;'0" 5*" (
/%5B0'( µ&- 0/(%0#K0" *,3 ')3*,3"'µ5 3,(*".?3 &3&/&%&'*#'0=3 .&"
&3*"2(/*".,8 ')'*+µ&*,-. @& µ,)'".# 5%<&3& 063&" .&*&'.0);- *,) &3B%?/,)
/,) ')3$;,)3 *(3 .63('( *,) &3B%?/"3,) '?µ&*,- µ0 ')<.0.%"µ;30- (7(*".;-
µ,%:,2,<60-.

O 5%,- haptics 7%('"µ,/,"06*&" '*(3 C<<25:=3( 1"12",<%&:6& <"& 3&

7&%&.*(%6'0" *,3 7?%, ;%0)3&- '*& &"'B(*(%"&.# ')'*+µ&*& *,) &3B%?/,)
*(- &:+- .&" *(- ."3&6'B('(- (&6'B('( B;'(- .&" .63('(- *,) '?µ&*,- '*,
7?%,). N& 7%('"µ,/,"+',)µ0 *,3 5%, '&3 &/*".;- &"'B+'0"-. >" &/*".;-
&"'B+'0"- 2,"/53 ')µ/0%"2&µ1#3,)3 .&" *(3 &:+ .&" *(3 ."3&6'B('(. C3 .&" (
;%0)3& /#3= '*"- &/*".;- &"'B+'0"- 7%,3,2,<06*&" &/5 *(3 0/,7+ *,)
C%"'*,*;2( ( 0%?*('( /,) ;B0'0 $03 ;70" &.5µ& '&:+ &/#3*('(.

@" 063&" <"& *(3 &:+ '&3 &)*5 /,) 063&" , +7,- <"& *(3 &.,+ .&" *, :=- <"& *(3
5%&'(?

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>" &/*".;- &"'B+'0"- /&%;7,)3 *, $08*0%, '0 '(µ&'6& µ;', <"& *(3
/&%&*+%('( *(- ')µ/0%":,%#- 035- µ,)'".,8 ,%<#3,). @& µ,)'".# 5%<&3&
;7,)3 .&" µ(7&3".+ .&" &.,)'*".+ &/5.%"'(. > 0.*020'*+- $"&µ,%:?30" µ"&
&/*".+ &3*62(D( *,) µ,)'".,8 ,%<#3,) 03? /&%#22(2& ( µ(7&3".+ &/5.%"'(
*,) ,%<#3,) µ/,%06 3& $630" '(µ#$"& '*,3 0.*020'*+ <"& *, /?- 3&
$"&µ,%:?'0" *,3 +7,. E70$53 52& *& &.,)'*".# µ,)'".# 5%<&3& /&%#<,)3
µ(7&3".;- *&2&3*?'0"- *,) 08%,)- 10-1000 Hz .&*# *(3 $"#%.0"& *(-
<;33('(- *,) +7,), &.5µ( .&" 0#3 ( B0µ;2",- 90/0%3# *& 1000 Hz.

> 70"%"'µ5- µ/,%06 3& <630*&" µ0 $"&:,%0*".,8- *%5/,)- 02;<7,).

> Gillespie &3&:;%0" *,)- 09+-:
4(7&3".+ 0/&:+, ;20<7,- $83&µ(- .&" B;'(-, ;20<7,- 0/&3#$%&'(-, ;20<7,-
/%5120D(- .&" "0%&%7".5- ;20<7,-. > James Gibson /%,*0630" 5*" 063&" (
'7;'( µ0*&98 $83&µ(- .&" B;'(- /,) :;%0" *(3 /2(%,:,%6& <"& *, &/*".5
'8'*(µ&, 03? #22," 0%0)3(*;- /%,*063,)3 #220- µ0*&12(*;- 5/=- *(3 %,+ *(-
03;%<0"&- + *(3 /%,'/#B0"&. (effort)

> ;20<7,- /%5120D(- + /%,+<('(- (anticipatory control) 063&" ;20<7,-

0/&3#$%&'(- ')<<03+- µ0 &)*53 *,) 1&22"'*".,8 02;<7,). A $"&:,%# *,)-
')36'*&*&" '*(3 &/,)'6& &3#$%&'(- .&" 0/&3#$%&'(- µ0*# *(3 &%7+ *(-
.63('(- 02;<7,) '*,3 1&22"'*".5 ;20<7,.
.63('( -----------] 5%<&3, ('?µ&) forward /%,?B('( ($%#'()
^---------- feed back &3#$%&'(
-----------] feed forward 0/&3#$%&'(
> '(µ&3*".5*0%,- 25<,- <"& *,3 ,/,6, ," #3B%=/," .&" *& K?& 7%('"µ,/,",83
/0%"''5*0%, ;20<7, /%5120D(- &/5 ;20<7, &3#$%&'(- 063&" 5*" $03 )/#%70"
&%.0*5- 7%53,- <"& ;20<7, &3#$%&'(-. >" 7%53," &3*6$%&'(- *,) &3B%?/,)
(.&B)'*0%+'0"- &6'B('(- .&" 02;<7,) µ&K6) 063&" *(- *#9(- *=3 180 msec.
L,22;- µ,)'".;- /%#90"- 063&" *&78*0%0- &/5 &)*5. 4"& <%+<,%( *%62"&, 8 µ0
10 .8.2=3 $"&%.06 2"<5*0%, &/5 100 msec.

A ;%0)3& '*,3 7?%, *(- <3='*".+- D)7,2,<6&- $"&.%630" *%0"- 20"*,)%<".;-

:#'0"- *,) .03*%".,8 30)%".,8 ')'*+µ&*,- 5',3 &:,%# *(3 ."3(*".+
')µ/0%":,%# ," ,/,60- 063&":
a) 0/"2,<+ *(- &/5.%"'(- /,) *&"%"#K0" .&28*0%& &/5 *, %0/0%*5%", *=3
/"B&3?3
b) .&B,%"'µ5- *=3 7&%&.*(%"'*".?3 *(- &/5.%"'(-
c) 0.*;20'( *(- .63('(-

E8µ:=3& µ0 *(3 &%7+ *(- ."3(*".+- "',$)3&µ6&- ( µ,%:+ *(- .63('(-

&/,B(.080*&" &309#%*(*& &/5 *"- B;'0"- *=3 &%B%?'0=3 .&" *=3 µ)?3 /,)
')µµ0*;7,)3 '0 &)*+3.

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A234 5'.,6/ - 2µ.µ) 1!"#$%./ 2+7*!-!(8)/ %)$ 9%!"#,$%./
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 (
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