According to Bader, B., Stoermer, S., Bader, A.K. and Schuster, T.

(2018), The study

raises awareness on the challenges of harassment of female expatriates and the role of
the host country context. Further, the study shows the detrimental effects of gender
harassment on female expatriates’ job satisfaction which is a central predictor of
variables crucial to international assignments, for example, performance or assignment
completion. The results show that female expatriates experience more workplace
gender harassment than male expatriates. This effect is particularly pronounced in host
countries with strong institutional-level gender discrimination. Moreover, the authors
found significant main effects of gender harassment on expatriates’ frustration and job
satisfaction.

According to Everett et al. (2011), Black women face the same struggles as White
women; however, they have to face issues of diversity on top of inequality. The purpose
of this study was to explore work-related stressors that affect the lives of Black women
and how they cope with them. Using an exploratory design with grounded-theory
methods, five basic themes emerged that identify when racism and sexism are
experienced as stressors for African American women in the workplace. The themes
are: (1) being hired or promoted in the workplace, (2) defending one’s race and lack of
mentorship, (3) shifting or code switching to overcome barriers to employment, (4)
coping with racism and discrimination, and (5) being isolated and/or excluded. The
results from this study indicate African American women use emotion- and problem-
focused coping responses to manage stress (e.g., racism and sexism) in the workplace.
The article concludes with a discussion of practice implications of these findings.

According to Bartlett (1994), workplace equality for women has undergone a vast
number of changes. Many of these changes represented gradual, incremental steps in
the elimination of barriers to women's employment such as height and weight
requirements, (2) rules against hiring mothers with small children, (3) and the denial of
overtime work to women.

References

Bader, B., Stoermer, S., Bader, A.K. and Schuster, T. (2018), "Institutional
discrimination of women and workplace harassment of female expatriates: Evidence
from 25 host countries", Journal of Global Mobility, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 40-58.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-06-2017-0022

Hall, C. J., Everett, J. E., & Mason, J. H. (n.d.). ″Black Women Talk About Workplace
Stress and How They Cope. ″ - Wiktionary. Retrieved June 7, 2023, from
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0021934711413272?journalCode=jbsa
Katharine T. Bartlett, Only Girls Wear Barrettes: Dress and Appearance Standards,
Community Norms, and Workplace Equality, 92 Mich. L. Rev. 2541 (1994).
https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol92/iss8/7