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PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS: GAINING VALUABLE INSIGHTS ON PROFITABILITY BASED ON BASE CAMP’S DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH | Page 2
INTRODUCTION
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS: GAINING VALUABLE INSIGHTS ON PROFITABILITY BASED ON BASE CAMP’S DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH | Page 3
According to a recent study about the investment investment selection process, at the latest during
criteria of private equity (PE) portfolio companies, the holding period of a portfolio company:
1.1 Relevance of
profitability
especially leveraged buyout funds and growth
equity funds focus on profitability within their
investment selection process1. These results are
• What are
segments?
the most profitable business
analysis consistent with base camp’s project experience • What are the products/services which generate
that a portfolio company’s profitability is an the most profit?
essential measure within the PE investment cycle as • Who are the customers that are most
well as a significant lever for increasing enterprise profitable?
value during the investment period.
Beside satisfying the investor’s thirst for knowledge,
To quantify and steer such significant value the use of a customized and automated profitability
creation lever, the following questions usually arise analysis solution also offers additional value add
for PE fund investment managers if not during the for the portfolio company’s management.
1
Private equity investment criteria: An experimental conjoint analysis of venture capital, business angels and family
offices; Block Joern, Fisch Christian, Vismara Silvio, Anres René; Journal of Corporate Finance 58 (2019); p. 346.
INTRODUCTION | Page 4
In general, profitability analysis delivers important • A fully integrated profitability analysis will increase
information for steering a company. Using a financial transparency. A realistic view of the
profitability analysis insights, the value creation procedures can be • To calculate the book value of a company’s
planned and managed accordingly. Based on such finished and unfinished goods, the costs per
a gain in knowledge about a company’s own cost product that have been derived from the
structure, the management will be able to control profitability analysis can be used as a fiscal
and improve all production processes to increase inventory valuation base. Furthermore, a more
monthly profitability measures like EBITDA or EBIT. accurate inventory valuation will increase the
Beside the previously mentioned deep insights, within quality to manage a company’s working capital,
a company’s cost structure, the usage of a company- with inventory being an essential element of
wide profitability analysis offers further value-add working capital management.
potential for portfolio companies:
To maximize the profitability analysis’s value-add
• A systematic profitability analysis simplifies the potential, integration into the company’s system
implementation of a budgeting process. The usage landscape should have the highest possible
of a detailed, universal, and well-designed cost degree of automation, and strong integration of
A functional profitability centre structure increases the planning accuracy the controlling function into decision procedures
analysis enables an of the driver-based budget procedure. is crucial. The result, if these two requirements
are fulfilled, will be a controlling function which
enhanced company-wide • The profitability analysis will provide essential delivers a strong value add for the decision-making
transparency input information for a pre- and post-product process on the top management level as well as on
margin calculation, which is key in determining and company-wide decisions.
ensuring profitable sales prices.
INTRODUCTION | Page 5
To achieve the above-mentioned advantages, it is not sufficient to look at the aggregated absolute costs,
revenues, and profits of a company within a respective period in isolation. To gain further knowledge and
• Cost-type accounting: Which costs occurred? • Cost centre accounting: Where did the costs • Cost unit accounting: For what did the costs
Classifying the costs as: occur? To ensure a causal allocation of the indirect occur? This final analysis step can be carried out
» Direct costs like material costs for one unit of costs, the cost centre accounting consists of: along different dimensions:
a finished product. » Cost centre structure » Product
» Overhead costs like costs for electricity » Internal cost allocation » Customer
usually cannot be allocated directly on a single » Indirect cost rates calculation » Product Group
product level. » Machine hourly rate calculation » Region/Geography
INTRODUCTION | Page 6
As shown in figure 1, profitability analysis always starts
with cost-type accounting. Based on the information from COST TYPE ACCOUNTING COST CENTRE ACCOUNTING COST UNIT ACCOUNTING
external accounting, cost-type accounting subdivides
the costs into overhead costs and direct costs. Such Which costs Where did For what did
differentiation allows a cause-based allocation of the occurred? the costs occur? the costs occur?
overhead costs within the cost centre accounting. As a
final step, cost-unit accounting considers direct costs as
well as the allocated overheads on the cost-unit level and
1 2 3
combines them with the revenues accordingly. As a result, OVERHEAD COSTS OVERHEAD ALLOCATION
a calculation of profitability per cost unit is possible.
DIRECT COSTS
By combining the profitability analysis approach with
different time dimensions, a deviation analysis for actual
versus budget/forecast is possible. Such deviation
analysis delivers valuable insights into the company’s Figure 1. Fundamental elements of the profitability analysis
profitability and gives the company the opportunity to
identify its own operational levers, which are crucial for
fulfilling the desired level of profitability.
INTRODUCTION | Page 7
BASE CAMP’S STANDARDIZED
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
APPROACH
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS: GAINING VALUABLE INSIGHTS ON PROFITABILITY BASED ON BASE CAMP’S DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH | Page 8
In order to ensure the efficient integration of a company-wide holistic approach which enables the portfolio company to analyse profitability, base camp uses a
practical-proven approach which could be structured along the following four phases:
The design phase is characterized by analysing the • Cost-type accounting: This pillar focuses on the
customer’s current situation, and based on these recording of costs and revenues.
2.1 Design Phase insights, by developing the best individual solution for
the customer. Therefore, all customers, cost units,
production sites, the implemented ERP system as well
• Cost-centre accounting: Within this pillar the
design of the cost centre structure, internal cost
allocation and machine hourly rate calculation are
as the existing finance processes and their deliverables predominant topics.
will be analysed precisely at the beginning of a project. • Cost-unit accounting: Relevant cost units and
their aggregations are defined in the last pillar.
Based on such analysis, the three pillars of a functional Additionally, the calculation scheme which will be
profitability analysis will be designed accordingly: used for cost units is designed within the last pillar.
The target of the implementation phase is the validate that all implemented parts also work in
2.2
realisation of the approved design approach. To the larger context. Thus, some test cost units are
Implementation achieve this target, the required activities consist of: defined by base camp, which will go through the
Phase whole process of profitability analysis. As a result,
• Implementation of a cost centre structure, basic functions within cost-type, cost-centre and
all predefined cost units and their aggregation cost-unit accounting can be verified and critical
levels, as well as the calculation scheme and aspects for the customer are detected early and
internal cost allocation within the ERP system. can be resolved accordingly. During such testing,
• Implementation of the designed machine hourly relevant project participants of the customer
rate calculation approach for all main production are closely involved and advised by base camp.
cost centres. Such involvement creates an atmosphere that is
• A full-processed profitability analysis conducted conducive to becoming familiar with the created
on predefined test cases. Thereby it is possible to profitability analysis solution.
This fourth project phase is only relevant if the Based on the implementation experiences from the
2.4
portfolio company has several production sites pilot entity, an efficient group-wide rollout for the
Group-Wide as this phase is required to ensure a group-wide additional locations can be ensured, as such pilot
Rollout consistent profitability analysis. entity approach leads to focused implementation
procedures during the three phases. Furthermore,
Therefore, base camp’s approach considers the this approach gives the opportunity to develop
above-described phases, which have been finalized best practices that accelerate implementation of
for the predefined pilot entity, for the remaining the profitability analysis for the other locations.
production sites: Therefore, information about customers and
products, as well as details of production
• Design Phase processes, have been considered very early within
• Implementation Phase the design phase of the pilot entity.
• Pilot Phase
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS: GAINING VALUABLE INSIGHTS ON PROFITABILITY BASED ON BASE CAMP’S DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH | Page 11
The customer of this use case is a world leading the management on fact-based decisions for
midsize metal-processing company, operating in questions such as:
3.1 Status Quo the home appliance market. The company has six
multinational production sites in: • What are the most profitable business
segments?
• Germany • What are the products/services which
• France generate the most profit?
• Italy • Who are the customers that are most
• Poland profitable?
• Czech Republic
• United States of America The finance and accounting staff have been busy
with manual workload, such as data validation. As
A lack of transparency on Based on a lack of standardised procedures and a result, the ad-hoc reports could not establish
profitability prevented a an insufficiently maintained enterprise resource the required trust in the correctness of the
planning (ERP) system across all production reported figures. In addition, the submission of
company-wide profitable sites, the centralised global finance organisation tenders for new products could hardly be validated.
business model. faced serious challenges in providing value-add Consequently, the company often offered prices
business insights for the portfolio company’s past deadline and could not ensure a profitable
management and investors. Instead of supporting business based on the offered prices.
OBJECTIVE System design which ensures a Realization of the designed profitability Integration of the implemented Realisation of the profitability analysis
profitability analysis on product, analysis approach profitability analysis solution within solution for further production sites
product group and customer level. customer’s daily processes
ACTIVITIES • Analysis of existing profitability • Implementation of cost centre • Go-live of the implemented • Conduct design, implementation and
analysis tasks structure, internal cost allocation, profitability analysis solution execution phase for every production
• Design of cost type accounting machine hourly rate calculation, cost • Company-wide instructions and site
• Design of cost centre accounting units and calculation scheme communication of implemented • Based on experience of pilot entity
• Design of cost unit accounting • Close collaboration with ERP provider profitability analysis solution approach
• Presentation of designed approach • Validation of process times and bill of • Intensive training of finance
materials department
to management board
• Testing of implemented profitability • Pre calculation of potential
analysis solution production order
• Process improvements
DELIVERABLES • Cost overview • Realised deliverables of design phase • Training series for cost centre • Deliverables per production site
• Cost centre structure • Successfully conducted profitability managers and finance department according to design, implementation
• Internal cost allocation analysis of test cases • Process handbook and execution phases
OUR VALUE • Structured and holistic company • Improvement of existing processes • Increased awareness for importance • Group-wide profitability analysis
ADD overview • Design and implementation of new of profitability analysis • Intracompany benchmark
• Overview about product range and processes • In time submission of tender for comparisons
customers • Introduction of machine inventory potential production order • Profitability analysis on region level
• Improvement of energy • Increased accuracy of finished and • Approach ensures that company
measurements structure unfinished goods valuation. resources will not be overloaded
• Increased input quality for further
calculations
An agile project an overview of the profitability analysis main was asked during the project to design and
results, base camp created Microsoft Power implement a budgeting process which allows an
management approach BI-based business intelligence reporting for actual vs. budget comparison on profitability level.
aims to integrate and to management and investors. Such visualisations The budget implementation was designed based
give overviews of profitability for every production on the approach of planning on the cost centre
consider a standardized site, customer, product group and product. and cost unit levels. base camp supported the
solution efficiently Based on the combination of an implemented company by implementing the designed budget
profitability analysis within the existing ERP system planning process which is fully integrated into the
as well as to consider
and a comprehensive BI-reporting solution, the profitability analysis solution. Thus, management
customer-specific needs. management of the company is now able to get can now use actual vs. budget comparisons, within
profitability insights within a few minutes. a single system, to control costs.
6 Sales ACT [k€] Sales BUD [k€] Δ Sales [k€] EBITDA ACT [k€] EBITDA BUD [k€] Δ EBITDA [k€]
Sales, Profit Contribution I [k€] and Contribution Margin I [%] Customer by total sales [%]
Production Sites
1 The filter options at the top of the dashboard allow the user to filter along the dimension’s customer and date. Once the filter is set, it is valid for every dashboard within the whole BI-reporting.
2 This combined column and line chart shows the development of Total Sales, Profit Contribution I and Contribution Margin I based on the configured filter options in number 1, 3, 4 and 5.
3 The pie chart shows sales split up by customers. If a customer is selected in this chart, all the information on this dashboard is linked to this specific customer.
4 The pie chart shows sales split up by part group. If a part group is selected in this chart, all the information on this dashboard is linked to this specific part group.
5 The filter at the bottom of the dashboard allows the user to select for one or more production sites. In combination with filter numbers 1, 3 and 4 it is, for example, possible to analyse the share of sales for customer 1 in production sites 1,3 and 7.
6 The important data for management and investors, Sales and EBITDA, are additionally included in the time dimensions actual and budget as well as the corresponding delta. These values also interact with the filter options from numbers 1, 3, 4 and 5.
3.5 Project
Achievements
the implemented budget, the management of the
portfolio company is now able to fully monitor,
manage, and analyse profitability on the group level
offer would be finalized could be reduced from
four to two weeks.
as well as on the production site or cost centre level, • Accurate data: During the design phase several
based on real-time data. Furthermore, base camp was procedures could be identified that led to
able to deliver the following benefits for the company: inaccurate data and prevented a comprehensive
profitability analysis. Within the implementation
• Increase in financial transparency: Based and execution phase such inefficient processes
on a comprehensive profitability calculation were optimized to be more efficient and generate
the management can find decisions under full usable data. For example, based on our project
consideration of profitability. the company started to perform a machine
inventory to increase the input quality for the
• Establishment of a single source of truth: machine hourly rate calculation.
Business insights can be delivered in a
The finalized project
considerably shorter time and with increased • Corporate governance improvements: Based
solution offers efficiency. The running ERP system serves as a on the implemented single source of truth, the
improvements in the standardised database for the controlling and corporate governance structure of the company
accounting department. Thus, time consuming has improved as well. Due to continuous evaluation
whole company, based on data validation tasks based on different table of the data within the ERP system by the finance
an efficient and accurate calculation files are not required anymore. department, it is ensured that inaccurate
numbers will be detected faster. Therefore, the
data processing. • Reduction of process time by 50%: The risk that management decisions will be based on
calculation process could be accelerated due incorrect facts can be significantly reduced.
E. info@basecamp-consulting.com Mühlbaurstraße 1
T. +49 (0) 89 2441 998 – 41 D-81677 Munich
www.basecamp-consulting.com CEO: Marcus Höfer
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS: GAINING VALUABLE INSIGHTS ON PROFITABILITY BASED ON BASE CAMP’S DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH | Page 21