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NOMBRE ESTUDIANTE PEDRO LUIS LERMA REYES GRADO Once

Grammar Box: Past Perfect Tense

Use it to show that an action happened before another action in the past

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

By the time we got to the
training, Macy had already
left
The player had twisted his
ankle when the coach came
back
Shan couldn’t go to the
stadium because he hadn’t
gotten over the flu
The team hadn’t trained hard
before they competed in the
championship
Had Ava broken a world
record before she won this
medal?
Yes, she had
No, she hadn’t
Why hadn’t you told me the
tournament was next week?

1. Read the interviews. Then, complete the sentences using the Grammar Box

Jordanne Whiley Guor Marial Rafaela Silva

When I was born, I was
diagnosed with
osteogenesis imperfect,
which is a congenital
condition that gave me
brittle bones as a baby.
Although doctors said I
would never be an
athlete, my dad
encouraged me to play
tennis. I overcame my
limitations and trained
hard: in 2012, I won bronze
at the London
Paralympics; in 2014, I won
the Grand Slam for
doubles, and in 2015, for
singles
When I was a child, South
Sudan wanted to
become independent
from Sudan. There was a
long civil war in which I
was abducted twice and
forced into slavery. I fled
to Egypt and them I
moved to the U.S when I
was 16. I competed at
London in 2012 under the
Olympic flag as an
independent athlete.
South Sudan finally
became a new nation,
and I could represent it at
Rio 2016 in the first
refugee team in history
I grew up in Rio’s most
violent favela: City of God. I
faced violence, poverty,
inequality, and racism. My
father decided to enroll me
in Judo classes in order to
keep me away from a life of
gangs and drugs. I literally
had to fight my way out of
that hostile environment. I
finally made it through: at
the World Judo
Championships, I won a
silver medal in 2011 and a
gold one in 2013; I also took
gold at Rio 2016

a. Doctors had diagnosed Jordanne with osteogenesis imperfect before she took
up tennis. (diagnose)
b. There had benn a long civil war before South Sudan became independent.
(be)
c. Rafaela han won a gold medal before 2011 (win)
d. Jordanne had already taken a bronze medal in London in 2012 before she
won the Grand Slam (take)
e. South Sudan had became a nation by the time Guor competed in London
2012 (become)
f. By the time Rafaela competed in Rio 2016, she had gotten silver and gold
medals at the World Judo Championships. (get)
g. Guor had lived in Sudan, Egypt, and the U.S before he participated in London
2012 (live)

2. Read the text. Then, put the events in order

Before Michael Phelps participated in Rio 2016, he had won

18 gold medals. However, beneath the surface of his
success, there had been unresolved issues from his past that
led him to long periods of depression, isolation, and insomnia.
Phelps entered rehab carrying a book that his friend Ray
Lewis gave him.: The Purpose Driven Life, by Rick Warren.

After reading the book, his attitude changed completely.

Phelps called Lewis and told him: “Man, this books is crazy! I
can’t thank you enough. You saved my life.” With a new
perspective, Michael competed in Rio 2016, where he won 5
gold medals. In 2016, he set the record for winning more
medals (28) than any other Olympic athlete in history.

4 He read the book

1 He went through long periods of insolation, insomnia, and depression
5 His life perspective changed
3 His friend gave him a book
2 He entered to rehab

3. Choose one of the stories and talk more about the character (about their
childhood, their awards, their ages, their studies, etc.)

Rafaela Silva: grew up in the poor neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro known as

Cidade de Deus. The first sport she liked was soccer, playing against other children
on a dirt field near her house in Jacarepagua. Because they were concerned
about fights and violence in the streets, when Rafaela was 7 years old, her parents
Luiz Carlos and Zenilda Silva enrolled her, along with her sister, Raquel, in judo
classes at the Reacción Institute, recently installed in Cidade de Deus el former
athlete Flávio Canto.

"I started with judo in 2000, at the beginning of the project. My father put me in
sport as an alternative to fighting in the street. In judo I found discipline, respect
for others and I began to take the sport seriously. Judo showed me the world. With
the resources I get, I guarantee my support and help my family pay the bills. "

In an interview with Globo Sports, Rafaela came out of the closet and identified
as gay. She spoke about her relationship with student Thamara Cezar, whom she
met at Institute Reaction.
4. Read again the texts 1 and 2. Select the unknown vocabulary and find the
meaning of them.

Congenital: refers to any trait or identity present at birth acquired during

intrauterine development.

Forced: That is done with great effort, without comfort or naturalness.

Championships: Set of events in which a series of opponents compete for

victory, especially in sports and games.

Perspective: It is the way to analyze a certain situation or object, it is a point of

view on a certain situation.

Depression: Mental illness or disorder characterized by deep sadness, low spirits,

low self-esteem, loss of interest in everything and a decrease in mental functions.

Isolation: It consists of separating a person with a positive result for the disease
from the rest and keeping them isolated.

Insomnia: is a common sleep disorder that can cause difficulty in falling asleep (falling
asleep) or staying asleep

Record: It is the physical or virtual space where a fact is recorded, or the act of
doing the same.