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Contents

Exercise Topic Page

Chapter 1

Exercise 1 It was drizzling, nevertheless… 3

Exercise 2 I don’t like your yelling at me! 5
Exercise 3 Sandy is not only beautiful, but… 7
Exercise 4 Speaking: The perfect couple! 9
Exercise 5 As long as you study hard, you will… 10
Exercise 6 Reading: Home schooling 12

Chapter 2

Exercise 1 Pelé is a well-known soccer player! 14

Exercise 2 Biographies 17
Exercise 3 The funniest person I know is… 19
Exercise 4 A real hero cares for others! 21
Exercise 5 Reality shows are so popular programs that… 23
Exercise 6 Total Eclipse of the Heart 25

Chapter 3

Exercise 1 Phrasal verbs with Get 26

Exercise 2 Writing a book report 27
Exercise 3 Television programs 29
Exercise 4 The more a man has, the more he wants 30
Exercise 5 A lesson in caring 32

Chapter 4

Exercise 1 I feel as if there’s not enough time in the day 34

Exercise 2 I don’t want to go anywhere! 36
Exercise 3 We must do whatever necessary to protect… 37
Exercise 4 Whenever I go away, my dog misses me a lot 40
Exercise 5 Right Here Waiting 42

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 Chapter 1
Exercise 1
It was drizzling, nevertheless, we decided to leave

1. Complete the sentences with the connectors in the box.

Some items have two answers.

despite / however / in spite of / nevertheless / nonetheless

on the other hand / whereas / while / yet

_________________ the fact that both Brazilians and North Americans use the standard
twelve-hour clock, they have a different sense of social time. Both Brazilian and North
American university students have fixed class schedules, _________________ the words
“early” and “late” do not have the same meaning in both countries. For example, Brazilian
students are casual about arriving exactly on time for class, _______________ North
American students are very punctual. North Americans see being late for appointments as
a sign of a disorganized, unsuccessful person. Brazilians, ________________, are likely to
consider being late a sign of a busy, successful person.
Robert Levine, the author of an article on social time, was surprised at first by his
students’ lateness; ________________, he later came to appreciate their relaxed attitudes.
Understanding cultural differences makes it possible for people to understand each other
and work together __________________ cultural biases.

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 2. Complete the sentences with the correct connector.

a. _______ my warning, they went ahead with their plan.

b. The Argentinean tango clearly has its roots in urban culture and the setting for the events
is a shady waterside drinking house, ______________________ the Finnish tango is
often set in the countryside, in the midst of lakes and green forests.
c. _____________ earning a low salary, Sara helped her parents
d. The usual greenish-yellow, and occasionally reddish, appearance of the Aurora Borealis
is produced by the oxygen in the atmosphere, ____________ the blue and violet light is
due to nitrogen.
e. ________ the sun was shining, the water was cold.
f. We stayed up late, ____________ we were tired
g. They managed to work together, ___________ their differences of opinion.
h. ___________ nuclear fission produces no greenhouse gases, it does produce highly toxic
radioactive wastes.
i. While land temperatures are measured by the temperature of air about a meter above the
earth’s surface, ocean temperatures are measured by the temperature of water.
j. ____________ the United States has the most nuclear capacity of any nation, no new
commercial reactor has come on line since May 1996.
k. She is kind. _______, she is forgetful.
l. The work was new to me. ____________, it did not seem difficult.
m.The food was delicious. _____________, the service was bad.
n. We looked everywhere. _____________, we could not find the keys.
o. _____________ the difficulty, they managed to solve the math problem.
p. He is old. ______________________, his mind is still active.
q. ______________The weather was bad, we enjoyed the game.
r. The children slept deeply _____________ the noise.
s. We like to go to the park______________________ if it rains we stay at home.

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 Exercise 2
I don’t like your yelling at me!
1. Look at the infinitives with subjects vs. gerunds with subject

Infinitives with subjects Gerunds with subjects

Active Active
me my
you your
doesn’t want him to tease Is used to his teasing
Kim him Kim him
doesn’t like her to criticize Is tired of her criticizing
us our
them their

2. We ask some performers what they love and hate about their work.
Write sentences like the ones above. You have to write them in both ways.

a. Amanda: Directors can be very impatient and very sensitive. [They yell at me in front of
every else. I especially don’t like that.]

___________________________________________________________________________
b. Tom: Writers often seem indecisive. [They change our lines. I get tired of that.]

___________________________________________________________________________
c. Selene: Our music is very different. It’s a completely new sound. [People sometimes criticize
our music when they don’t understand it. I don’t appreciate that.]

___________________________________________________________________________
d. Brad: It’s nice to be recognized in public. [People ask me for my autograph. I really like
that.]

___________________________________________________________________________
e. Julia: I used to work on stage, but now I’m in television. [The audience applauds after a
performance. I miss that.]

___________________________________________________________________________

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 3. Change the following sentences to make similar sentences like the grammar box.
You have to write them in both ways.

a. I love it when my friends call me on my birthday.

_____________________________________________________________________________
b. I don’t like it when my mother asks me to clean my bedroom.
_____________________________________________________________________________
c. I don’t like it when my brother/sister takes my stuff.
_____________________________________________________________________________
d. I really like it when my mom holds me.
_____________________________________________________________________________
e. I really miss when my cousins and I played hide and sick when we were younger.
_____________________________________________________________________________
f. I really appreciate when my dad supports me in my decisions.
_____________________________________________________________________________

4. Now change the highlighted information from the sentences above by so that they
are true for you.

a. I love it when my friends ________________________________________________________

b. I don’t like it when my mother ____________________________________________________

c. I don’t like it when my brother/sister _______________________________________________

d. I really like it when my mom _____________________________________________________

e. I really miss when my cousins and I _______________________________________________

f. I really appreciate when my dad __________________________________________________

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 Exercise 3
Sandy is not only beautiful, but also smart

1. Look at the expressions either … or, neither … not, and not only … but also.

Jim must be tired. If not, then he’s angry. Jim’s either tired or angry
Jane didn’t call, and she didn’t come to work. Jane neither called nor came to work
Tim is a snob. What’s more, he’s a bore. Tim’s not only a snob but (also) a bore

When these conjunctions connect two subjects or two complete sentences, a conjunction
starts the sentences.
Neither Jim nor Jane called him. Either the director apologizes or I’m going to quit.

2. Rewrite the play review, combining the sentences in brackets into one sentence
using either … or, neither … nor, and not only … but also.

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3. Rewrite the paragraph about robbery, combining each pair of sentences in brackets
into one sentence using either … or, neither … nor, and not only … but also.

Police are completely confused over the robbery at the Country National Bank of Long
Island. [They haven’t found the robber. What’s more, they don’t have a clue to his
whereabouts.] [The robber must have found a very secure hiding place. If not, then he’s
vanished into thin air.] After stealing a white Cutlass with a red roof and nearly empty gas
tank, the robber would have had to find another car. However, [the police have not found the
Cutlass, and they have not received any reports of other stolen cars. ] Kevin Daly, the owner
of the stolen car, said that [the robber didn’t look suspicious, and he didn’t seem nervous.]
While police are without a clue, they won’t give up easily on this crime. [The robber stole
$150,000 from the bank. What’s more, he killed one police officer and critically injured
another.]

4. Complete the sentences with the appropriated expressions.

a. It will rain __________ today _________ tomorrow.

b. It was ___________ a beautiful day, ___________ the first day of Spring.
c. Tom is such a bad student. He is ____________ punctual ____________ polite.
d. She couldn’t find the book _____________ at the Library, _________ at the bookstore,
looks as if it doesn’t exist.
e. Sara is _________ sick _______ angry. She looks weird today.

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 Exercise 4
Speaking: The perfect couple!
1. Read the description of the three men and three women. Then working in pairs,
decide which people would be happiest together as married couples. Match each person
with a partner. Once you’ve picked the happiest couple discuss how of the people who
you did not think would make a happily married couple. Discuss the problems they
would have living together.

Edmund is an engineer who is independent

and climbing rapidly in his field. He wants to
marry and start a family. He spends more time at
work than anywhere else.

Victor is an actor who is pleasant, likeable person

with a strong wish to help others. Unfortunately,
he’s often out of work and doesn’t make much money

Derek is an accountant who likes to take charge

of things. He has traditional views on male-female
roles in marriage. He’s very critical and ambitious.

Ellen is a secretary who is easygoing and not

ambitious. She doesn’t expect to work after having
children, and she isn’t interested in material things.
She’s very sensitive.

Natalie is a professor who is conservative, ambitious,

materialistic, critical, and family-oriented.
She admires hard work.

Hilda is a lawyer who is independent and intellectual.

She’s not sure if she wants to get married, and she
strongly wants to pursue her career. She is a tolerant
person, but not outgoing.

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 Exercise 5
As long as you study hard you will get good grades!

1. Read what these people have to say about the kinds of jobs they like.
Who is most similar to you? Complete each quote with your own ideas.

Adverb clauses of conditions

Conditional sentences do not necessarily use if. These expressions are also used.
As long as on the condition (that) provided (that) suppose (that) unlesss

Notice the tense agreement in the following conditional sentences:

As long as I make enough money, I can put up with a job I don’t like.
As long as I made enough money, I could put up with a job I didn’t like.

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 2. Match the items to make logical sentences.

1. Unless I had some money to get started, ______
2. As long as I don’t have to work in the mornings, ______
3.On the condition that I don’t have to stay away for more
than two or three days, ______
4. Provided that I don’t have to pay a really high interest
rate, ______
5. As long as you have an original idea, _______
6. Suppose a close friend wanted a business with you, ______
a. I think I’ll ask for a business loan.
b. I’m willing to travel on business.
c. I enjoy working at home.
d. how would you react?
e. you have a good chance of succeeding in
business.
f. I would never open my own business.

3. Complete these sentences with your own information. Then compare with a partner.

1. I wouldn’t want to work as a stockbroker unless ….

I wouldn’t want to work as a stockbroker unless I could make a lot of money.

2. Provided a company paid for my commute. I …

3. As long as I like what I do at work. I …

4. I wouldn’t quit a job where I feel comfortable unless …

5. As long as my job pays well, I …

6. I would agree to work overtime on the condition that …

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 Exercise 6
Reading: Home schooling

1. Pair work: Discuss these questions. Then read the article, and compare your ideas
to the author’s.
a. Is there anything you learn at school that you can’t learn at home? What? Why?
b. Why might parents want to teach kids at home rather than send them to school?

A Growing Trend
Rowena and Billy Wrangler are model high school
students. They study hard. They do extremely well on
achievement. Test. And next year, Rowena will be
attending Harvard University. Billy, her younger
brother, hopes to go to Cornell. What makes Rowena
and Billy different from most students is that they
don’t go to school. In fact , they’ve never been to
school. Since Kindergarten, they’ve studied at home.
Neither Rowena nor Billy feels as if they’ve missed
out on anything by being taught at home. Like many
of home schooling in the United States, they feel as if
they’ve gotten a good education.
The home-schooling trend began in the U.S. in the 1980s with parents keeping their
children out of public school so they could provide religious education at home. Today, as
the home-schooling trend continues to grow, parents are more likely to consider home
schooling as an option because they believe schools don’t do very good job of teaching and
are occasionally dangerous places. But can parents really do a better job?

The answer in many cases is yes. In many studies, students taught at home ranked average
or above average when compared to students who went to public schools. More
importantly, these students are often more self-directed and have a greater depth of
knowledge.”They are very well prepared for academic challenges,” says Patricia Riordan,
the dean of admissions at George Mason University.

One such student, Janie Fist, began home schooling at the age of 11. “I was learning
something all the time,” says Fist. Now she’s a first-year student at a college in New
Jersey. Robert Conrad, now a sophomore at Florida International University, claims he
really learned how to study and schedule his time during his eight years of home schooling.
Still, not every student is as successful as Robert.

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 “For every home-schooling success story, there are an equal
number of failures”, states Henry Lipscomb, an educational
researcher. “There are just so many disadvantages that
students taught at home have to overcome”. For example,
they have fewer chances to interact with others their own
age. Consequently, they sometimes lack the usual social
skills. “No matter what, though”, states Lipscomb, “home
schooling is a growing trend. I think we’ll be seeing more
and more of this.”

2. Group work: Discuss these questions. Then share your answer with the class.

1. According to the article, what are the advantages and disadvantages of being educated at home?

2. Do you think your parents could have done a better job of educating you than your school?

Why or why not?

3. Do you believe most kids are motivated enough to be taught at home? Why or why not?

4. What do you think you miss most if you were schooled at home?

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 Chapter 2
Exercise 1
Pelé is a well-known soccer player!
1. Read about the people below, and discuss the questions with a partner.
Have you heard of any of these people?

Harriet Tubman
(c. 1820-1913) American
abolitionist. Born a slave, she
became one of the most
successful leaders of the
Underground Railroad, an
organization created to help
slaves escape to the North. She
personally led more than 700
slaves to freedom. Although she
is not a well-known individual
outside of the U.S., she is widely
respected in American history.
Stephen Hawking
(1942-2018) British theoretical
physicist. He has written about the
Big Bang theory of the origin of
the universe and theorized about
black holes. His best-selling book,
A Brief History of Time, is a
popular account of modern
cosmology. Since his early
twenties, he has suffered from a
disabling disease, which has not
prevented him from continuing his
groundbreaking research.
Pelé (Edson Arantes do Nascimiento)
(1940- ) Brazilian soccer player.
Pelé is one of the best-known
players in the history of soccer. He
won his first World Cup with Brazil
when he was only 17 years old. He
made soccer a better-know sport
throughout the world. Pelé changed
the game forever, and he is
considered a pioneer of modern
soccer.

Compound adjectives
Compound adjectives are modifying phrases made up of two or more words that can be joined by a

hyphen, appear as a single word, or appear as two separate words. Three common patterns
for compound adjectives in English are:

a. Adjectives + noun + -ed b. adverb + past participle c. adjective, adverb, or noun

coolheaded well-dressed + present participle
gray-haired widely respected good-looking
kindhearted fast-talking
thought-provoking

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 2. Which patterns in the grammar box do these compound adjectives follow? a. b. or c.

forward-looking kindhearted open-minded well-educated

highly respected little-known smooth-talking well-known
high-spirited long-suffering strong-willed widely recognized

3. Pair work: Discuss the meaning of the compound adjectives in Exercise 2.

Can you think of a person to exemplify each adjective?

4. Rewrite these sentences using compound adjectives. More than one answer is possible.

a. Michel Jordan is an athlete who everybody knows

__________________________________________________________
b. Martin Luther King Jr. had many ideas that provoked people to think.
__________________________________________________________
c. Stephen Hawking is respected in many different countries for his original ideas on the
origins of the universe.
__________________________________________________________
d. Unfortunately, Harriet Tubman is a person few people know outside of the U.S.
__________________________________________________________
e. The Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa was a man with a strong will.
__________________________________________________________
f. Mother Teresa was a missionary with a kind heart
__________________________________________________________
g. Successful entrepreneurs must always look forward into the future.
__________________________________________________________

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5. Pair work Combine the words from both boxes to create compound adjectives.
Use the adjectives to describe someone you know. Ask follow-up questions.

absent blooded
cold fashioned
cool going
easy headed
good hearted
hot looking
old minded
open
warm

A: Don’t you think that our teacher is a bit absent-minded at times?

B: What makes you think so?
A: Well, for example, yesterday he was wearing two different-colored socks.

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 Exercise 2
Biographies

Information in a biography is normally organized in chronological order.

Time words and phrases help the reader follow the chronology.

1. The paragraphs in this biography of Rudolf Nureyev have been scrambled. Read the
composition and underline the time expressions. Then put the paragraphs in order.

____ After setting in Great Britain, Nureyev danced with Great Britain’s
Royal Ballet and especially with its leading ballerina, Margot
Fonteyn. Nureyev is best remembered for his many beautiful
dance performances with Fonteyn during this period.

____ In 1955, he was accepted as a student at the Leningrad

Choreographic School and became one of its best students.
When he graduated in 1958, he joined the world-famous Kirov
Ballet company and became a soloist.

____ Rudolf Nureyev, one of the best male ballet dancers in history, was
born near Irkutsk, Siberia, on March 17, 1938. As a child he loved
dancing and music. He began dancing with an amateur folk-dance group
when he was eight years old.

____ From 1983 to 1989, Nureyev worked as the director of the Paris Opera Ballet
Theater. During this period, Nureyev staged many wonderful ballets. He died in 1993.

____ While visiting Paris with the Kirov Ballet in 1961, Nureyev decided to leave his career in
Russia behind and pursue a new life in Western Europe. He published his autobiography
the following year and went on to dance with many famous ballet companies in Great Britain,
other European countries, the United States, and Australia.

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 2. Put this information about athlete Michael Jordan in chronological order.
Then use the information to write a biography of several paragraphs. Include
additional information if you can, and comment on Michael Jordan’s achievements.

____ enrolled at the University of North Carolina in 1980

____ returned to the National Basketball Association (NBA)

in March 1995

____ was born Michael Jeffrey Jordan in Brooklyn, New York,

on February 17, 1963

____ retired from basketball in 1999

____ quickly became the NBA’s Most Valuable Player (MVP)

and would win the title six times

____ in 1984, played on the U.S. Olympic basketball team

that won the gold medal

____ also in 1984, joined the NBA as a player for the Chicago Bulls

____ won the National Basketball Championship as a college freshman

____ retired before the 1993-94 season to pursue a baseball career

____ decided that he would never excel at professional baseball

3. Pair work: Exchange papers with a partner, and answer these questions.

a. Did your partner organize the information chronologically?

b. What are the strengths of your partner’s composition?
Do you have any suggestions for improvement?

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 Exercise 3
The funniest person I know is my friend Bob!

1. Read the article and discuss the questions below.

Mike Tidwell, a Peace Corps volunteer in the Democratic Republic of Congo, was very much
influenced by a village chief named Ilunga, who had asked him for advice on how to raise fish.
Mike sold Ilunga a shovel, and Ilunga then spend two months digging a pond to hold the fish.

“There is no easy way day, four or five hours each

to dig a fish pond with day, Ilunga kept going.
a shovel. You just have Finally, there it was:
to do it. For me it was Ilunga’s pond-huge, about
painful visiting Ilunga 45 by 60 feet, and
each week. I winced completely finished. Ilunga
each time his foot had done it. And when we
pushed the shovel into finally stocked the pond, I
the ground. I knew that no man would
calculated that to finish ever command more respect
the pond, he would from me than one who, to
have to move a total of better feed his children,
4,000 cubic feet of dirt. One week I couldn’t moves 4,000 cubic feet of dirt with a shovel.
stand it any longer. ‘Give me the shovel,’ I I had a hero”
told him. But after just two hours of digging,
I was incapable of doing any more. Day after Mike Tidwell

a. Why do you think the writer admires Ilunga so much?

b. In your opinion, what kind of person is Ilunga?

c. Have you ever met someone who had a strong influence on you? How did they influence you?

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 2. Complete these statements with information about people you know.
Don’t forget to say why. Share your information with the class.

One of the most inspiring people I’ve ever known is …

One of the most inspiring people I’ve know is my math teacher because she
encourages students to think rather than just memorize formulas and rules.

a. The most generous person I know is _____________ because…

b. The most influential person in my life was ___________ because…

c. The craziest thing I’ve ever done is ______________________________________________

d. The most inspiring person I’ve ever met is __________ because…

e. The best thing that has happened to me is _________________________________________

f. Of all my family _________ is the most __________________ because…

g. The most successful individual I know is __________ because…

h. Of all the people I know ________ is the least self-centered because…

i. The most romantic thing I’ve ever done is__________________________________________

j. The youngest person who I consider to be a hero is _____________ because…

k. The funniest thing that has happened to me is _______________________________________

l. The most important role model I’ve ever had is ___________ because…

m.Of all the friends I’ve ever had__________ is the most understanding one because…

n. One of the bravest things I’ve done is ___________________________________________

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 Exercise 4
A real hero cares for others!
1. Read what this person says about heroic behavior.
What is this person’s definition of a hero? Do you agree with the definition?

To me, a hero is not only someone who
saves a person from a burning building. It
could be a parent who, after an exhausting
day, helps a child with a difficult
homework assignment. It could be a
person on the street who picks up and
returns something you didn’t realize you’d
dropped, someone who stops by to check
on you when you’re ill, someone who
calms you down when you’re angry,
someone who takes time out of a busy
schedule to help you with a problem. A
hero is not just a person who has the
courage to take a risk; he or she is also a
person who has the courage to always be
kind to people in every situation.

2. Group work: Discuss these questions.

a. Can you add three more examples of everyday heroism?
b. Has someone been a hero to you recently? Describe what happened.
c. Have you been a hero to someone lately? What did you do?

3. Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs.

Can you define the meaning of the verbs in your own words?
calm (someone) down follow through on sit down
care for (someone) get along with stop/drop by
check on (someone/something) give (something) away
come through for pick (someone/something) up

a. Sometimes my colleagues at work get upset about things, but my supervisor always
________________ with us to discuss the problem and manages to ____________ everyone
________________.
b. My mother is very easy going, so she _________ _________ ___________ just about
everyone.
c. I have a very generous uncle who is always _________ his money ________ to charities that he
believes in. He also volunteers at a hospital where he helps __________ _________ sick
children.
d. When I had the flu recently, a friend of mine __________ __________ several times to
___________ __________ me and see if I was O.K. He went out and___________
__________ food and medicine for me. I admire people who really ___________
__________ __________ their friends when they need help.
e. Some people offer to do things for you and then never __________ ____________
_________ their promises.

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 4. Now write down an example of your own with each of the phrasal verbs.

a. ___________________________________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________________________________

d. ___________________________________________________________________________

e. ___________________________________________________________________________

f. ___________________________________________________________________________

g. ___________________________________________________________________________

h. ___________________________________________________________________________

i. ___________________________________________________________________________

j. ___________________________________________________________________________

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 Exercise 5
Reality shows are such popular programs that…
1. Imagine you are looking at the TV listings and these are the only TV programs
available tonight.
Which one would you most like to watch? Which one least interests you? Why?

Rosie Adams
Deep sea Crime Watch
Today’s show features
This week’s program shows
Detective Thomas is so interviews with people whose
outstanding footage of
involved in the investigation shopping habits have ruined
divers swimming with killer
of the murder of a fellow their lives. Hardly ever has such
sharks. Rarely has such
police officer that he ignores an honest discussion of
amazing underwater
the evidence that his wife is compulsive shopping been
photography been shown on
being stalked. presented in a talk-show format.
TV.

2. Look at these types of popular TV programs.

Can you match each program with its description?
1. cartoon _____ 4. quiz show ______ 7. talk show ______
2. documentary ______ 5. sitcom (situation comedy) _____
3. drama series ______ 6. soap opera ______

a. a continuing series, broadcast in some countries as often as five days a week, about the
lives of a group of characters, often centering on their romantic lives.
b. a program that gives biographical information about an interesting person, or factual
information about a subject such as history, science, nature, or a social issue.
c. a continuing series involving the same characters in various amusing situations.
d. a show in which guests (sometimes celebrities or sometimes ordinary people involved in
bizarre situations) are interviewed informally.
e. a series, often shown weekly and frequently set in a hospital, police station , or law office,
in which the same characters deal with frightening, emotional, or tragic situations.
f. a film based on animated drawings, usually about a comical or adventurous situation.
g. a program in which participants compete for money or prizes by answering questions,
making guesses, or performing other tasks.
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 3. Pair work: Can you name an example of five of the types of programs in Exercise 3?

Such …. that and so … that

You can express a result using the constructions such … that, so … that, so much/ little …that, and

so many/few … that. Such is followed by a noun (usually modified by an adjective), so

by an adjective or adverb, so many and so few by countable nouns, and so much and so little
by uncountable nouns.

Talk shows are such popular programs that almost every television network has at least one.
Talk shows are so popular that almost every television network has at least one.
There are so many different talk shows that it’s impossible to watch them all.

4. Rewrite these sentences using such … that or so … that.

Make any other necessary changes. Then compare with a partner.

a. Nature documentaries these days are incredibly well filmed. It is often hard to imagine how
they took the shots.
b. Many TV programs show a lot of violence. People are becoming desensitized to it.
c. There are few good movies on TV these days. People are returning to movie theaters.
d. Television news reporting is very superficial. People are forced to get in-depth information
elsewhere.
e. Sports broadcasts attract huge audiences. TV stations can charge large amounts for
advertising.

a. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
d. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
e. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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 Exercise 6
Total Eclipse of the Heart
TURN AROUND
Every now and then I get a little bit lonely
and you never come around.
TURN AROUND
Every now and then I get a little bit tired
of listening to the sound of my tears
TURN AROUND
Every now and then I get a little bit nervous
that the best of all the years have gone by.
TURN AROUND
Every now and then I get a little bit terrified
and then I see the look in your eyes.
TURN AROUND, BRIGHT EYES
Every now and then I fall apart
TURN AROUND, BRIGHT EYES
Every now and then I fall apart
And I need you now tonight and I need you more
than ever
and if you only hold me tight we’ll be holding on
forever.
And we’ll only be making it right ´cause we’ll never
be wrong
together we can take it to the end of the line
Your love is like a shadow on me all of the time
I don’t know what to do and I’m always in the dark
We’re living in a powder keg and giving off sparks
I really need you tonight, forever’s gonna start
tonight
forever’s gonna start tonight
Once upon a time I was falling in love but now I’m
only falling apart
25
Listen!
There’s nothing I can do, a total eclipse of the heart
Once upon a time there was light in my life but now
there’s only love in the dark.
There’s nothing I can say, a total eclipse of the heart
TURN AROUND BRIGHT EYES
Every now and then I fall apart
TURN AROUND BRIGHT EYES
Every now and then I fall apart
And I need you now tonight,
I need you more than ever
and if you only hold me tight we’ll be holding on
forever.
And we’ll only be making it right ´cause we’ll never
be wrong
together we can take it to the end of the line
Your love is like a shadow on me all of the time
I don’t know what to do and I’m always in the dark
We’re living in a powder keg and giving off sparks
I really need you tonight, forever’s gonna start
tonight
forever’s gonna start tonight
Once upon a time I was falling in love but now I’m
only falling apart
There’s nothing I can do, a total eclipse of the heart
Once upon a time there was light in my life but now
there’s only love in the dark.
There’s nothing I can say, a total eclipse of the heart
a total eclipse of the heart
Turn around bright eyes
Turn around bright eyes
 Chapter 3
Exercise 1
Phrasal verbs with Get
1. Look at the following phrasal verbs.
1. It got about that Charlie has proposed to Angela.
2. Why don't we get about the beach so we can see the sunset?
3. Alan got above himself after being promoted to chief director.
4. How can I get my message across if nobody listens to me?
5. Paul's getting after Jimmy because they're playing hide-and-seek.
6. Sally's really getting ahead in the investigation.
7. Said doesn't want Bob to come, he doesn't get along with him.
8. Rachel finally got around to visiting her best friend after being a long time abroad.
9. Her boss told her to get away for a couple of days and rest.
10.Jo thought he could get away with his lies, but this time he's been caught.
11.If you get back early we could go to the movies.
12.Two years after the accident, Jen was able to get back into her job.
13.I have to go, my boss is coming. I'll get back to you when I get home.
14.I got behind with the payment of the house, I need the money!
15.Monica couldn't study much, buy she got by and passed the exam.
16.Mary looks so sad. Her divorce has really got her down.
17.My mother keeps getting down on me for going out every night.
18.John thought he could pass the exam by getting in with the teacher and he got an F.
19.Nina needs medical help to get off drugs.
20.My son has problems to get off the multiplication tables.
21.Sally's son and his stepfather are finally getting on well.
22.Get on to the mechanic, this is something I can't fix.
23.Ben could get over his fear of flying and took a plane to Spain.
24.The kids are trying to get the homework over with so they can play.
25.Jim should get rid of those awful friends of his. They're no good.
26.I will call Elizabeth and get round her to come.
27.You must study if you want to get through that Maths exam.
28.It's been very hard for Kelly to get through her divorce.
29.Tim's constant complaining finally got to Peg and so she left him.
30.You should get to work instead of staying there watching TV.
31.Get yourself together or we will have to leave the bar.
32.I'm trying to get together these papers, I can't stand this mess.
33.We're getting up a birthday party for Thomas, we'd like you to come.

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 Exercise 2
Writing a book report

A report on a novel generally answers the following questions:

1. What is the title of the book, and who is the author?
2. Who are the main characters?
3. Which character did you find most interesting? Why?
4. What is the story about? What is the central problem of the story, and
how is it resolved?
5. Did you enjoy the book? Why or why not?
6. Would you recommend this book to another student? Why or why not?

1. Read this book report. Find the answer to all of the questions in the box.
Underline the answers.

The incredible Journey

I recently read The Incredible Journey by Sheila
Burnford, a book about three animal friends who travel
across the Canadian wilderness looking for their owners.
It is a fascinating story that describes some of the
incredible things animals can do.
When a Canadian family goes to England for a
long trip, they leave three pets with a friend who lives
300 miles away. Though well treated by the friend, the
pets miss their family. One day, they are able to leave
the friend’s house unnoticed and begin the long journey
to find their owners. The central theme of the book, a
problem the animals must resolve, is how to survive life
in the wilderness in order to arrive home. They never
could have completed the journey alone, but they care of
one another, and all three make it and are reunited with
their owners.

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 The main characters in this book are a Siamese cat, an old English bullterrier, and a
young Labrador retriever, the leader of the group. Each animal has a distinct personality, but
they care for one another almost as if they were a family. My favorite of the three was the
old bullterrier. Because of his age, the journey was the most difficult for him, but amazingly
he found the strength to make it.
I liked the book very much. The author didn’t try to turn the animals into people,
speaking and acting like humans. Instead, she was faithful to their characters as animals and
showed us their journey through animal eyes. That made the book both interesting and
believable.
I would recommend the book to anyone who likes animals. Because most of the book
focuses on them and contains little dialog, someone who is not interested in animals
probably would not like the book. But I think that anyone who has ever had a pet or wanted
one would enjoy it.

2. Write a book report about a book you’ve read recently. Make sure your composition
answers the questions in the box.

28
 Exercise 3
Television programs
1. Discuss: talk about some popular TV shows. In your opinion, why are these types of
shows so successful?
Reasons for success
Talk show
Soap opera
Sitcom
Quiz show

2. Pair work Make a list of three popular TV shows, and discuss the reasons why
these programs are so popular.

A: Many people like Ellen DeGeneres show because guests are usually involved in the
most bizarre situations.
B: Yes, but sometimes I doubt those situations are real. The other night, for example, I
watched …

3. Group work Read these comments on the positive and negative influences of television.
Which ones do you agree with? Add your own opinions. Then discuss in group.
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
TV enables children with limited real- There is so much violence on TV that it
world experience to see how people around encourages people to become violent.
the world live and think. Children see many negative role
TV allows people to watch shows, models on TV such as adults smoking or
musicals, and sports events that they might men mistreating women.
not be able to afford to watch live. Children develop a low attention span
TV brings the family together in a shared because they are over stimulated by TV.
activity. TV interferes with family life and
TV is so appealing to children that parents communication. It’s an intruder in the
don’t have to be taking care of them all the house.
time.
Your ideas: __________________________
Your ideas: ________________________ _________________________________
_________________________________

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 Exercise 4
The more a man has, the more he wants. (B. Franklin)

1. Look at the double comparatives.

of nouns more work we give her, less work we’ll have.

of adjectives angrier she became, more depressed I got.
The the
of adverbs louder he yelled, more quietly I spoke.
of sentences more she talked, less I listened

2. Change the following sentences, using double comparatives.

a) If you study harder you will get better grades.

________________________________________________________________________
b) If Sara wakes up early she will get very early to her class.
________________________________________________________________________
c) If you exercise you will be in shape.
________________________________________________________________________
d) If Tom is happy he’ll dance a lot in the party.
________________________________________________________________________
e) If we eat a lot we’ll have to walk much time.
________________________________________________________________________
f) If Mary trains for the competition she’ll do it better.
________________________________________________________________________
g) If your friends wait too much they’ll be very angry.
________________________________________________________________________

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 3. Complete the sentences with the more, less or the adjective in the correct form.

a. The _________ (hard) he worked, the __________ money he earned.

b. The ____________ food he ate, the ________ (thin) he got.
c. The ______________(old) I get, the ______________(responsible) I am
d. The _______________ I study, the ______________(good) grade I’ll get.
e. The _______________(late) you get up, the_____________ time you will have.
f. The _______________(long) you spend watching TV, The ______________ homework you do.
g. The_______________ I study in IWJ, The __________ I speak English.
h. The ______________ you exercise, the ______________(heavy) you will get.
i. The ______________ you know about art, the ______________ you understand it.
j. The _______________(soon) you do it, the ___________ (good)
k. The_______________ my dog eats, the ______________(big) it gets.

4. Complete the following sentences with your own information.

a. The more I sleep…

b. The more I rest…
c. The harder I study…
d. The more it rains….
e. The older I get…
f. The less I help my mom…
g. The more my brother
h. The more expensive a night club is…
i. The fewer friends I have…
j. The better I speak English…

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 Exercise 5
A lesson in caring

1. Pair work: Discuss these questions. Then read the article, and compare your ideas
with the author’s.

a. Why do you think some people volunteer to help others?

b. Do you think people who volunteer to help others are heroes? Why or why not?
c. What are some ways that volunteering to help someone else might help the volunteer?

A Lesson in Caring
I didn’t even notice him. It was a chilly November evening in New York City, and my
daughter and I were walking up Broadway. I was thinking, “Milk, dry cleaners, home.”
Was I supposed to notice a guy sitting inside a cardboard box next to a newsstand? No, but
Nora did. She wasn’t even four, but she pulled at my coat sleeve and said, “That man’s
cold, Daddy. Can we take him home?”
I don’t remember my reply -probably something like, “That wouldn’t really be
helping him”. Maybe I made her feel better by giving her an apple. I don’t know. But I do
remember a sudden heavy feeling inside me. I had always been delighted at how much my
daughter noticed in her world, whether it was birds in flight or children playing. But now
she was noticing suffering and poverty.
A few days later, I saw an article in the newspaper about volunteers who delivered
meals to elderly people. The volunteers went to a nearby school on a Sunday morning,
picked up a food package, and delivered it to an elderly person. It was quick and easy. I
signed us up. Nora was excited about it. She could understand the importance of food, so
she could easily see how valuable our job was. When Sunday came, she was ready, but I
had to push myself to leave the house. On the way to the school, I fought an urge to turn
back. The Sunday paper and my coffee were waiting at home. Why do this? Still, we
picked up the package and phoned the elderly person we’d been assigned. She invited us
right over.

32
The building was depressing. I remember thinking “No one knows we’re doing this. We
can still go home”. Then the door opened. Facing us was a silver-haired woman in an old
dress. She took the package and asked if we would like to come in. Nora ran inside. I
reluctantly followed. Once inside, I saw the apartment belonged to someone poor. Our
hostess showed us some photos of her family and some travel souvenirs. Nora played and
laughed. I accepted a second cup of tea. When it came time to say good-bye, we three
stood in the doorway and hugged. I walked home in tears.
Professionals call such a visit a “volunteer opportunity”. They are opportunities,
I’ve come to see. Where else but as volunteers do you have the opportunity to do
something enjoyable that’s good for others as well as for yourself? Indeed, the poverty my
daughter and I helped lessen that Sunday afternoon was not the old woman’s alone – it
was in our lives, too. Nora and I regularly serve meals to needy people and collect clothes
for the homeless. Yet, as I’ve watched her grow over these past four years, I still wonder -
which of us has benefited more?

2. Group work: Discuss these questions. Then share your answers with the class.

a. In what way do you think the author and his daughter benefited from the visits?
b. What do you think motivated the author to begin doing volunteer work?
c. Would you consider the author a hero? Why or why not?

33
 Chapter 4
Exercise 1
I feel as if there’s not enough time in the day
1. Read what these people say about themselves. Who is most like you?
Who is least like you?

Tim
“Spending time alone
doesn’t bother me as it did
when I was younger, I enjoy
doing things on my own,
and I don’t need company
all the time.
Rebecca Roberto
“I feel as though there is “I would like to spend more
time just having fun, the
never enough time in the
day to do all the things I way most of my friends do.
I really need more fun in
need to do. I wish I knew
how to use time more my life”
effectively”

2. Pair work In which of these areas do you think you could use some improvement?
Rank your priorities from 1 (most important) to 6 (least important). Then discuss
your answers.

_____ developing new friendships _____ getting more exercise _____ saving money
_____ expressing yourself _____learning to relax _____ managing time

The most important thing for me right now is to save some money. I want …

3. Group work Look back at your life over the last few years, and discuss these questions.

a. Have you achieved some of your long-term goals? Which ones?

b. What goals are you working on now?
c. What are some of the most valuable things you’ve learned?
d. What are some things you still want to learn?
e. Has anything happened that has changed your life in an important way?

34
 As if, as though, as, the way, and like
As if and as though often introduce clauses that describe behavior or feelings
I feel as if/as though there is never enough time in the day
My brother sometimes acts as if/as though he’s totally crazy
As and the way introduce clauses that express a comparison
Spending time alone doesn’t brother me as/the way it did when I was younger
In colloquial English, the word like can be substituted for as if/as though and as/the way.
I feel like there is never enough time in the day.
Spending time alone doesn’t bother me like it did when I was younger.

4. Pair work Rewrite these sentences to make them more formal using as if, as though, as,
or the way. Compare your answers with a partner.

1. I need to work on my communication skills because sometimes I feel like I’m not getting my
message across.
2. I like to work by myself so that I don’t feel like I’m being pushed around by anybody.
3. Lately, I’m trying to spend more time with my family and friends like I did before I got
involve in so many other activities.
4. I have to establish more realistic goals like my career advisor has suggested.
5. These days, women are not expected to stay at home like their mothers did in the past.
6. Sometimes I feel like I’m not doing enough exercise and I spend too much time sitting at a
desk.

5. Pair work Complete these sentences so that they are true for you. Add two more
sentences with your own information, and compare with a partner.

1. I feel as if …
I feel as if I need a long vacation.
2. I don’t need to be with people all the time as…
3. I feel as though I never have enough time to …
4. I would like to spend more time with my friends the way …
5. I still enjoy swimming just like …
6. ___________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________

35
 Exercise 2
I don’t want to go anywhere!
1. Complete the following sentences with some or any.
a. We need __________ bananas.
b. You can't buy __________ posters in this shop.
c. We haven't got __________ oranges at the moment.
d. Peter has bought __________ new books.
e. She always takes __________ sugar with her coffee.
f. I have seen __________ nice postcards in this souvenir shop.
g. There aren't __________ folders in my bag.
h. I have __________ magazines for you.
i. There are __________ apples on the table.
j. Pam does not have __________ pencils on her desk.

2. Complete the following sentences with anybody, somebody anything, something,

anywhere or somewhere.
a. We wanted to have a meeting but there wasn’t ______________ available.
b. Has _____________ seen my book?
c. I want to go ______________ warm and sunny for my holiday.
d. Excuse me. Have you got ________________ for a sore throat?
e. Let's have a look. Mmm.. I think there's ____________ here.
f. There isn’t _____________ at home, I'm afraid.
g. Excuse me. I left my umbrella ______________ on the train last night.
h. Have you ever met _____________ famous?

3. Ask and answer the following questions. Ask follow up question with Who? Where?
When? etc.
a. Do you know anybody who speaks Chinese?
b. Do you know anywhere to go ice skating?
c. Can you tell me anything to do in México City?
d. Do you know anyone who can play the guitar?
e. Can you suggest me anything to eat near here?
f. Do you know anywhere to go camping?
g. Do you know anybody who is from other country?
h. Do you know anywhere to study Arabic?
i. Can you suggest me anything to do in Mexico in December?
j. Do you know anyone who has many children?
k. Do you know anybody who dresses very strange?
l. Do you know anywhere to eat lasagna?

36
 Exercise 3
We must do whatever necessary to protect
endangered animals
1. Can you match these animals with the comments below?

Dog Frog Goose Whale

1. Whoever hunts one or these animals could be contributing to its extinction because it is
an endangered species. ___________________________
2. This tiny creature seems to be giving us a serious ecological warning, and whatever is
killing it is probably a serious environmental danger to all life on earth. ______________
3. This animal is used in airports because it can smell whatever passengers try to hide in
their luggage-food, drugs, etc. __________________________
4. This animal mates for life and will bond permanently with whoever spends time with it
when it is young. ___________________________

2. Match these categories with their definitions.

1. amphibian __________ a.the order to which humans, apes, and monkeys belong
2. mammal __________ b. an animal that lives both on land and in water
3. primate __________ c. an animal whose blood temperature changes with the
outside temperature and whose body is covered by scales
or plates.
4. reptile __________ d. an animal in which the female gives birth to babies, not
eggs, and feeds them in milk from her own body.
5. rodent ___________ e. a type of small mammal with sharp front teeth

37
 3. Pair work: Think of an animal for each category, and compare your answer.

Noun clauses with whoever and whatever

Whoever and whatever can begin noun clauses. They can function as either the subject or
object of the clause.

whoever = the person who/anyone who/everyone who

Whoever hunts endangered species could be contributing to their extinction.
Some animals will bond permanently with whoever spends time with them when they are
young.

Whatever = anything that/everything that

The international community should do whatever is necessary to protect endangered
species.
Trained dogs can smell whatever passengers try to hide in their luggage.

4. Complete the sentences with whoever or whatever. Then compare your answers
with a partner.
1. ____Whoever_______ feeds wild animals is doing them a disservice because this can
alter their feeding and migration patterns.
2. _____________ sees a poisonous snake should try not to make any sudden moves
because snakes are attracted to __________________ they see moving near them.
3. A cobra will strike _____________ crosses its path, and it is so poisonous that a
tablespoon of its venom can kill 165 people.
4. Rodents will chew on _______________ they find in their environment.
5. _____________ encounters a raccoon should stay away from it because it will attack
humans if it feels cornered.
6. People usually think of giraffes as beautiful, peaceful creatures, but a giraffe can quickly
become aggressive with _______________ comes too close to it.

38
 5. Group work: Complete the following statements about animals with your own
point of view. Compare and discuss your ideas with the other members of your group.

1. Governments should do whatever is necessary to create more wild animal preserves,

including…
Governments should do whatever is necessary
to create more wild animal preserves, including
raising money trough environmental awareness
campaigns.
2. Whoever thinks that rodents and reptiles are
repulsive animals…
3. Whatever is causing the disappearance of
frogs and other amphibians…
4. Whoever wears a fur coat …
5. Animals are part of our natural environment whatever…

6. Complete the conversation, using question words with-ever.

A My hairdresser is just awful. ____________________ I ask him to do, he always seems to

do something else. I’ve never had a good hairdresser, in fact. I just seem to have bad luck
______________________ I go.
B Listen, I know of two very good hairdressers….
A Well, I’d prefer to try ___________________________________ one is less expensive.

B Then why don’t you go to Mario Zanelli? The name of the place is Zanelli Hair Stylists,
and it’s at 43 Deco Street.
A That’s right near where I work.
B I’m sure you’ll be satisfied. Mario always cuts my hair ___________________________ I
ask him to. And he’s almost always available ___________________________ I want to
make an appointment.
A Great! Thanks a lot for the recommendation.

39
 Exercise 4
Whenever I go away, my dog misses me a lot
1. Read information about pet ownership in the United States, and discuss
the questions below.

59% of U.S. households have at least one pet.

28% of U.S. homes have at least one dog.
21% of households in the U.S. have a least one cat.
53% of married couples with children have pets.
1.5% of U.S. household have reptiles as pets.

The number of households with a dog has declined

18% in the last 20 years.
Bird ownership has soared 15% in the past 5 years.

1. Why do you think dogs and cats make good pets?.

2. What are two advantages and disadvantages of having a pet?
3. What do you think people find interesting about having reptiles as pets? Would you like
to have one?
4. What kinds of pets do you prefer?
5. Have you ever had a pet? If so, what kind?

2. Pair work Read these statements about pets. Do you agree with them?
Discuss your point of view with your partner.
Agree Not Sure Disagree
1. It’s a mistake to keep unusual pets, such as a snake or a rat.
Whenever someone has an unusual pet, it’s sure to cause
Problems
2. Dogs and cats can’t live in the same house. They fight
whenever they are together.
3.Taking a dog for a walk is a good way to relax whenever you
feel tense.
4.Cats are cute when they’re kittens, but they’re unpleasant
when they’re older.
5. Wherever there are pets, there is an increased risk of disease.

40
 I would never have a snake or a rat. Yes, but I don’t have Kids, and I think snakes
What if a child let it out of its cage are interesting, Everyone has a cat or a dog
and it escaped? And I like pets that are different.

Whenever and wherever contrasted with when and where

Whenever and wherever introduce adverbial clauses. Notice their position in the sentence.
Whenever I go away on a trip, my dog becomes very lonely.
My dog becomes very lonely whenever I go away on a trip.
Wherever I go, my cat follows me.
My cat follows me wherever I go.

Note that whenever and wherever mean “at any time” “in any place”. Sometimes when and
where can be used interchangeably with whenever and wherever.
Whenever I go away my dog misses me.
When I go away, my dog misses me.

Whenever and wherever cannot be used if the sentence refers to a specific time or location.
My dog would jump up and lick me whenever I came home after a long trip. (at any time)
My dog knocked over a vase when he jumped over the living room table. (specific time)
Once we let the bird out of is cage so it could fly wherever it wanted. (any place)
The cat is sleeping under the chair where it feels safe from visitors. (specific place)

3. Complete the sentences using whenever or wherever. If the time or place is specific,
use when or where. More than one answer may be possible.

1. Dogs are good traveling companions. They will go __________________ you take them.
2. People with respiratory allergies will sneeze __________________ they are near a cat or a dog.
3. It is not true that dogs wag their tail ________________________ they are happy.
Sometimes they do it precisely _______________ they’re nervous or about to attack.
4. Large dogs should be taken almost daily to a place ________________ at least one hour.
5. Female dogs can be completely trained to hunt __________________ they’re a year old.
With most males. However, trainers need to wait until the dog is two years old.

41
 Exercise 5
Right here waiting

Listen!

Oceans apart Wherever you go

day after day Whatever you do
And I slowly go insane I will be right here waiting for you
I hear your voice on the line Whatever it takes
But it doesn't stop the pain Or how my heart breaks
I will be right here waiting for you
If I see you next to never
How can we say forever I wonder how we can survive
This romance
Wherever you go But in the end if I'm with you
Whatever you do I'll take the chance
I will be right here waiting for you
Whatever it takes Oh, can't you see it baby
Or how my heart breaks You've got me goin' crazy
I will be right here waiting for you
Wherever you go
I took for granted, all the times Whatever you do
That I though would last somehow I will be right here waiting for you
I hear the laughter, I taste the tears Whatever it takes
But I can't get near you now Or how my heart breaks
I will be right here waiting for you.
Oh, can't you see it baby
You've got me goin' crazy

42