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mshariati44@um.ac.ir
hossein128@gmail.com
kamal.kolasangiani@stu.um.ac.ir
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"CU= VvD |xvt=O w u}ov=}t VvD R= QF-=Dt u; MQv w nv}DJQ VvQm
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OQ=Ov=DU= =} ASTM D638 OQ=Ov=DU= Q@ |vD@t ,=@r=e xm OwW|t s=Hv= |}=yxvwtv
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QO O}t;|rB C}RwBt=mwv=v w O}t;|rB |oDUN Q=DiQ '2008 p=U QO [5] "CiQo Q=Qk
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CLD p=DU=|rB OQ=Ov=DU= |=yxvwtv 2012 p=U QO
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[9] "OW xQ@}r=m |SQv= w VvQm
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|Q=Okt |oty =yV}=tR; u}= QO |r=ta= |=ywQ}v xv}W}@ xm =QJ 'OQ=O =Q 250 kN =D
swO 1 GvUwQ}v R= '=y|Q}oxR=Ov= QO QDW}@ CkO uDW=O |=Q@ w OvQ=O 10 kN R= QDsm
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118
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QO "OwW|tv O=H}= =yxvwtv |=tO QO |UwULt Q}}eD w CU= 0 06 C@=F Q=Okt nv=} pwOt pO=at |@}W =@ |]N OYQO 0 2 =} 0 002 VvQm Q=Okt =@

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> 4162 39 13 S5
GS3 'GS2 V}=tR; |=yxwQo |=Q@ =t= 'GS1 xwQo V}=tR; OQ=Ov |yHwD p@=k
u}ov=}t VvQm OwHw u}=Q@=v@ "OyO|t u=Wv OwN R= |Wy=m OvwQ xO}OB u}= GS4 w 3840 3 75 1 25 S6
|oOvwWsQv CaQU QO `} QUD w u}ov=}t VvD O}OW Vy=m Ea=@ QiYQ}e C@Ft 6616 3 53 1 18 S7
QO |WWm |x}L=v QO |ivtQ}e |xv}tm |=yVvQm p=ta= =@ u}vJty "OwW|t 7850 3 1 S8
VvD Vy=m MQv '|Q=Wi |x}L=v QO |ivt |xv}tm |=yVvQm p=ta= =@ xU}=kt
11040 2 65 2 65 S9
w u}ov=}t VvQm V} Ri= =@ xm CU= u; =yQ=DiQ u}= Cra "O@=}|t V}=Ri= u}ov=}t
p=ta= |QDnQR@ Q}O=kt =@ w C@Ft |x}L=v QO xOW O=H}= |=yVvD 'u; uOW QDC@Ft > 3786 25 25 S10
xO=t Q=DiQ uwJ u}= Q@ xwqa "CU= |oOvwWsQv CaQU `} QUD QO |rt=a w OvwW|t 10070 23 23 S11
R= xO=t Q=DiQ 'u}ov=}t VvQm V}=Ri= =@ 'CU= Q}eDt |OwOL =D Q=Wi w VWm QO 18570 22 22 S12
Q@ xm CW=O Q=_Dv= u=wD|t u}=Q@=v@ "OwW|t xO=O jwU |WWm CtU x@ |Q=Wi
> 16300 1 91 3 19 S13
"OW=@ xDW=O Q}F-=D |oOvwWsQv CaQU
> 5000 1 76 2 94 S14
> 5000 1 61 2 69 S15
Vv D OwOL C=Q}}eD "3"5
> 5000 1 46 2 44 S16
xOW xO=O u=Wv GS4 =D GS1 V}=tR; |=yxwQo VvD OwOL C=Q}}eD '8 pmW QO
Q=DiQ 'Q=Wi w VWm QO p=DU=|rB Q=DiQ Cw=iD Crax@ xm OwW|t xOy=Wt "CU= "=yV}=tR; |Ov@ xwQo "3 pwOH
GS2 w GS1 |=yxwQo |=Q@ "OwW|tv xOy=Wt GS1 V}=tR; xwQo QO |vQ=kDt
|Q=O}=B Cr=L u}vJ =t= 'OUQ|t Q=O}=B Q=Okt l} x@ pm}U 100 R= Oa@ VvD OwOL |xQ=tW R= Rm = |xQ=tW
VvD OwOL C=Q}}eD MQv w OQm xOy=Wt u=wD|tv GS4 w GS3 |=yxwQo |=Q@ =Q xwQo "min ="max "m ="a =yV}=tR;

R= |W=v GS2 w GS1 |=yxwQo QO VvD OwOL C=Q}}eD |Q=O}=B "CU= |ivt GS1 1 0 S1,S2,S3,S4
VvD OwOL C=Q}}eD MQv u=R}t uOWQiY ?Hwt xm CU= |Q=Wi |xv}tm VvQm
GS2 0 5 0 33 S5,S6,S7,S8
"OwW|t GS3 0 1 S9,S10,S11,S12
GS4 0 25 1 67 S13,S14,S15,S16
|W Q v m |SQv= C=Q}}eD "4"5
r J "1 %OwW|t KQ]t |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ `wv wO |rm}U |Q=PoQ=@ EL@ QO
| =o
w C@F VvQm w VvD |=yxO=O V}=tR; Qy s=Hv= pw] QO "OQm xOy=Wt xvwtv Q@ =Q
|xvt=O "2 &OwW|t xO}t=v
W d =} DSED Q=YDN=x@ xm xOW hrD |WvQm |SQv= C=Q}}eD OwOL 'u}ov=}t VvD Q}_v |m}v=mt |=yQDt=Q=B |tm p}rLD =yv; T=U=Q@
[14] "OwW|t xO}t=v
W e =} ESEDA Q=YDN=x@ xm |v=UWm |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ
QO "CU= xDiQo s=Hv= T}RQDU}y |=yxkrL ?}W w |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ 'VvD
pkDUt w Qr=mU= Q=Okt =@ |a@=wD u=wvax@ |v=UWm w |iqD= |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ
"CN=OQB s}y=wN |m}v=mt |=yQDt=Q=B u}= R= l} Qy |UQQ@ w EL@ x@ xt=O=
u=wD|t CyH u}= R= w OvUQ|t |Q=O}=B Q=Okt x@ pm}U O=OaD V}=Ri= =@ 'CyH R=
xO=iDU= |rm}U |Q=PoQ=@ R= |W=v |=y?}U; |UQQ@ |=Q@ ?U=vt |=yQDt=Q=B u=wvax@
"OQm VQ v m  VvD T}RQDU}y |=yxkrL "1"5
|=yxkrL w =yV}=tR; R= xOt; CUO x@ VvQm  VvD |=yxO=O T=U=Q@ }R y |xkrL pmW QO u=wD|t =Q xO=t l} |rm}U Q=DiQ |}x}=B C=aq]=
T QDU}

u}= x@ "OQm x@U=Lt =Q
W w
W Q}O=kt u=wD|t xOW O=H}= T}RQDU}y Ea=@ '|rm}U pmW Q}}eD "OQm wHwCUH xO=t u; |rm}U VvQm  VvD
e d

Q=Okt x@ u=wD|t T}RQDU}y |xkrL |rN=O K]U R= |Q}op=QoDv= =@ xm CQwY "OwW|t |Q=PoQ=@ pm}U Qy |=Q@ T}RQDU}y |xkrL l} uOt; CUO x@
u}ov=}t VvD \N |q=@ w T}RQDU}y |xkrLQ}R K]U R= |Q}op=QoDv= =@ w '
W S9 'S7 'S3 |=yV}=tR; VvQm  VvD T}RQDU}y |=yxkrL xvwtv u=wvax@
d

"OyO|t V}=tv |vWwQx@=Q ?r]t u}=9 pmW"Ci=} CUO'
W e Q=Okt x@u=wD|t u}= x@ xHwD =@ |vWwQx@ xm |}xDmv "CU= xOW xO=O u=Wv 6 pmW QO S13 w

120
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"GS4 w GS3 'GS2 'GS1 xwQo |=yV}=tR; u}ov=}t VvD V}=yQ "7 pmW

121
 """CLD p=DU=|rB |oOvwWsQv Q=DiQ |@ QHD |xar=]t
"GS4 w GS3 'GS2 'GS1 xwQo |=yV}=tR; VvD OwOL C=Q}}eD "8 pmW

|=yxwQo |v=UWm  |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ |xvt=O C=Q}}eD R}v 11 pmW QO

u=Wv OwN R= |t_vt=v Q=DiQ C}tm u}= "CU= xOW xOQw; GS4 =D GS1 V}=tR;
GS4 V}=tR; xwQo |=Q@ |Wy=m OvwQ u}= "OQ=O |Wy=m |OvwQ ,=twta '=t= OyO|t
hqD= |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ C}tm Ovv=ty xm CU= QmP x@ sRq "OwW|tv xOy=Wt
CtU x@ V}=tR; xwQo Qy QO R}v |v=UWm  |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ |xvt=O 'xOW

"CU= |}=Qoty p=L QO X=N |Q=Okt

T }RQDU}y |=yxkrL ?}W C=Q}}eD "5"5

u}= "s}R=OQB|t C=ar=]t QO xOW |iQat C}tm l} |UQQ@ x@ CtUk u}= QO
[13]

?}W MQv "CU= xO=t |oOvwWsQv Qou=}@ xm CU= T}RQDU}y|xkrL ?}W C}tm

|]N ?}W R= CU= CQ=@a w CU= |oOvwWsQv CaQU Qou=Wv T}RQDU}y |xkrL [14] "|WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ |=RH= V}=tv "9 pmW
%Ovm|t pYw sy x@ =Q T}RQDU}y |xkrL stQDUm= \=kv xm
E (N ) =


( 1) i o s=Hv= |=yV}=tR; QO |WvQm |SQv= `wv wO u}= R= l} Qy Q}O=kt 'xt=O= QO
xD Q

" V}=tR; |xOW hqD= |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ C=Q}}eD '10 pmW QO "OwW|t u=}@

'CU= VvQm w VvD C=Q}}eD |xvt=O hQat ?}DQDx@
" w
 '9 pmW x@ xHwD =@ |=Q@ C}tm u}= OwW|t xOy=Wt xm u=vJ "CU= xOW s}UQD GS4 =D GS1 |=yxwQo
=Q pm}U |xQ=tW N w CU= |oOvwWsQv =} T}RQDU}y |xkrL ?}W R}v E w pmW u}= QO xm |}xDmv "OQ=O |Wy=m OvwQ GS4 =D GS1 V}=tR; |=yxwQo xty

'=yV}=tR; |t=tD |=Q@ C}tm u}= 'CU=O}B 12 pmW R= xm u=vJ "Ovm|t u}}aD R= l} Qy |xOW hqD= |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ Q=Okt |}=Qoty 'Ovm|t xHwD ?rH
R |=R=x@ w OQ=Po|t V}=tv x@ OwN R= |Wy=m OvwQ S16 w S15 |=yV}=tR; RHx@ "CU= X=N |Q=Okt CtU x@ =yxwQo
|=yxkrL ?}W 'OW=@ QDW}@ u}ov=}t VvQm w VvQm |xvt=O xJQy 'u=Um} Rm w |WWm |=yVvQm xm |}=yxvwtv QO 'u; |ivt MQv w |iqD= |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ

?}W C=Q}}eD |xvt=O u} QDW}@ "CU= QDsm XNWt pm}U l} QO T}RQDU}y |WWm |=yVvQm Q}F-=D CLD xm CU= |}=yxvwtv R= QDW}@ 'OwW|t p=ta= |Q=Wi w

xOy=Wt u=wD|t R = 1 C@Uv =@ GS1 V}=tR; xwQo QO =Q T}RQDU}y |=yxkrL "OvDUy ZLt

122
"""w |OtL=Q=} u}UL '|Da} QW OwtLt

"GS4 w GS3 'GS2 'GS1 xwQo |=yV}=tR; xOW hqD= |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ C=Q}}eD "10 pmW

"GS4 w GS3 'GS2 'GS1 xwQo |=yV}=tR; |v=UWm  |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ |xvt=O C=Q}}eD "11 pmW

123
 """CLD p=DU=|rB |oOvwWsQv Q=DiQ |@ QHD |xar=]t
"GS4 w GS3 'GS2 'GS1 xwQo |=yV}=tR; T}RQDU}y |=yxkrL ?}W C=Q}}eD "12 pmW
@ t e |xv}tm |=yVvQm =@ |}=y|Q=PoQ=@ QO u}ov=}t VvD Vy=m MQv
QDW} |iv Q}  }= D @ } t y m }R y |=yxkrL ?}W C=Q}}eD MQv 'R V}=Ri= =@ w OQm
u = O = | V = T QDU}
"CU= |ivt |xv}tm |=yVvQm =@ |}=y|Q=PoQ=@ R= "OwW|t QiY C=Q}}eD MQv OQ=wt |[a@ QO 'GS4 QO xm
VvQm OwOL C=Q}}eD MQv uOWQiY w |Q=O}=B Ea=@ |Q=Wi |xv}tm |=yVvQm 
p@=k |WWm |xv}tm |=yVvQm |Q=PoQ=@ =@ |}=yxvwtv QO Q=DiQ u}= &OwW|t

"CU}v xOy=Wt |Q}oxH}Dv "6

QO w |Wy=m |=y|Q=PoQ=@ |xty |=Q@ pm}U Qy |iqD= |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ  o v WsQv Q=DiQ 'p=DU=|rB |=yxvwtv |wQ |@ QHD C=ar=]t s=Hv= =@ Q=DWwv u}= QO
| Ow

MQv w |iqD= |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ u}vJty "CU= X=N Q=Okt x@ |}=Qoty p=L @ m D v @ xwQo Q=yJ QO pQDvm |}=Hx@=H |=yV}=tR; "OW |UQQ@ =yv;
x xv}t Vv C@U =

p=ta= \}=QW R= QDW}@ |Q=Wi w |WWm |=yVvQm p=ta= \}=QW QO u; |ivt C=Q}}eD OwOL 'u}ov=}t VvD |=yC}tm C=Q}}eD w OW s=Hv= Cw=iDt xv}W}@ VvD
"CU=yvD |WWm |=yVvQm xar=]t OQwt |iqD= w |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ w T}RQDU}y |=yxkrL ?}W 'VvD

Qw]x@ =t= &CU= |t_vt=v Q=DiQ |=Q=O |v=UWm  |WvQm |SQv= |r=oJ |xvt=O  %CU= p}rLD u}= pY=L Q}R G}=Dv xm CiQo Q=Qk
"OwW|t =Qoty X=N |OOa x@ |rm |}xO=t w OyO|t u=Wv OwN R= uQ=kDt=v Q=DiQ Q=Wi w VWm QO p=DU= |rB 

pQDvm  VvQm uQ=kDt |Q=PoQ=@ CLD |=yxvwtv QO T}RQDU}y |=yxkrL ?}W  "CU= l}BwQDwR}=Q}e
Q=Okt xv}W}@ x@ xv}tm VvQm C@Uv uOW C@Ft =@ w CU= Q=Okt u} QDW}@ |=Q=O "CU}v xHwD p@=k 'CU= QiY u}ov=}t VvQm xm |Dr=L QO u}ov=}t VvD V}=yQ 
"OQ=O |Wy=m |OvwQ |rm Qw]x@ =t= &O@=}|t Vy=m u; "OwW|t |oOvwWsQv CaQU V}=Ri= Ea=@ C@Ft u}ov=}t VvQm u}vJty

y W vB
= C w= References `@=vt
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