|R U

=
uDi=} |R=U xv}y@ R= OwYkt
| "

xv}y

@
W

CU= |R=Uxv}y@ p}=Ut QO jDWt pwtat Q=}U@ |=yOQ@ Q=m R= |m}

"

Q}eDt l} `@=D =@ =t =Hv}=

"

QO

CU= `@=D

| y

= Q}eDt ?U=vt s}_vD =@ `@=D l} swt|v}t =} st}Um =t x@

|

|}=yxvwtv
u

CU=

R= |= a

x wtHt Q} R
% v }R

S x f : S ;! R pm
m u k -

=ya@=D |va} s} Q=O Q=mwQU xm

|R U

=@ p}@twD= xm |DaQU uDi=}

|Q ] @ q m

OQ

p}=Ut s} QwN|t Q@

x@ pta
=Q

QO

= xv}y@ p}=Ut

R=

xm

w x

= l} O}rwD

u=

R}t uDi=} Q

'

(p@

xUrH p=Ft) OW=@ xDW=O

QDtwr}m QD}r

u t v=Q

= O

u} QDy@ 'CaQU pY=L OwU

pmW xv=wDU= |@rL |]wk l}

|= @ O

=a@= u} QD@U=vt uDi=} 'OW=@ umtt QFm =OL

u

Vw i R=

f `=
\

@ D - t=O , q

xv

wtat

...

'O W

w xDiQo Q=m x@
xR @ -

CN=U

QO

|@rL Q=Okt u} QDtm xm|Qw]x@ C@=F sHL =@

R= xR @

=kv w OW=@ u=Qm|@ =} Q=Ov=Qm

= l} CU= umtt xr=Ut `wv x@ xDU@ xm CU= |k}kL O=Oa=

"

= l}

OvW=@v =} OvW=@ KQ]t CU= umtt Q=Ov=Qm

QO =Q

xR @ -

= |}=yDv=

"

CU= xOW

xO=O

Cr=L u}=

QO

"

f : a b] ;! R pm C a b] w |v}
U= |wQ s t %O W

x@ `@=D l} xm O} Q}o@ Q_v st}Um =t

|=Q=O

|r=L CUNv

t w

`@=D 'OW=@ xDUw}B

Qo = xm s}v=O|t

w |t swt|v}t st}Um =t uDi=} x@ QHvt Q} R s=oxU R}t C}kiwt s=Hv=

a b]

|wQ s t

w |v}t w st}Um =t uDi=} |=yt=o (1 19)

" QO

QiY

=kv

QO

jDWt
QO

w OQ=O O Hw

jDWt

xm

xR @

= |vwQO

=kv

QO

f (b) f (a) x@ =L (h ) f Ok uD = ( )
w - U t r= Q= t i } ? \

Q}PBkDWt

=kv

`@=D xm OwW|t |a wt swt|v}t st}Um =t

"

=kv xty pt=W \

=kv u}= =kv u}=

"

CU= CU=

Ovt=v|t |v=QL@ xm |]=kv =

QO

=kv

=Q \

"

"

Ovt=v|t u}mD \=kv

" v

=Q \

=kv u}=
w

"

CU}v Q}PBkDWt
\

QO

Q=

Okt uDi=}

( )
G

=@

O Q}o|t Q@
"O m =

QO =Q s t

w |v}t

st}Um =t w |v}t

=kv

|= @

Q umtt
u= D

| yO t v - y

R = xt x]kv `wv xU u}=

QO

Q O}B

a b]

QO =Q

f `=

@ D s t

st}Um =t
1

w |t x]kv xDUO xU u}=

Q=

Okt xU}=kt -

|a}@] 'OW=@ xvt=O QO x

]a b = ]a b] a b
} ' | '` v

pmW x@

0 R @

= Qo = =}
=Q

w 'wO y '

OWv pwtWt

=yDv= Qy x@ Q}eDt Q=Okt |Dkw |rta p}=Ut

" QO CQ Y

`@=D

pL R=e x]kv R=

w u}=
u=

R=

Qy x@

"

b = +1 a = ;1 Q =D O = (h ) = = x x C s}v | Q w | l R f h Qa
Q
' o= iQ } @ ' r= s o | H @ m m UQ @ O W t }O v } w

U=

|@} QkD pmW l}

OQ N @ w

wD@ xJv=vJ
QO x

CU=

xvt=O |= @

uO m

Q XNWt
|

Q_v

OQ t

w `@=D j}kO KQ] 'xr=Ut

'O

=@

w Q

xr=Ut pL

=@DW=

R= |

Q}oW}B

Q |@ w N

=tvy=Q pmW ,qwtat

"

wtv sUQ `@=D u}=

|

CU= pwkat=v Q

=y@=wH

x]kv QO -

|O i 'OQ=O Q= k

Q pL=U

QDtwr}m 3 s}kDUt xrY=i QO xm B xQ} RH x@ uO}UQ 5

|= @

"1 p=Ft
QO

w |Q D t

w w j}=k

R=

Ov=wD|t

w OQ=O

xrY=i xQ} RH x@ pL=U x]kv u} QDm}ORv R= QDtwr}m "

xm pL=U

Ovm

xO

=iDU= |rL=U
s

xO H QO -

CmQL

|= @

Q p}@twD= l} R}v

A
u}aD
w O m "

%B % % x % s

CU=

40

km=hr |r

L U xO H QO -

p}@twD= CaQU

w 20

km=hr

|Q D t

w w j}=k CaQU x@ uO}UQ

xO |= @

Q |] p}@twD= =@ CUNv =Q |DL=Ut xJ O}=@ 'umtt u=tR pk=OL

QO x } H

Q R
"O

Q xm O}vm
R=

wtv

=iDU= j}=k
t

TBU

u tR wO `

wtHt =iDU=

B x]k
-

x@ uO}UQ O w

|= @ sRq u tR

"O W s t

w =

w |v}t O}=@
1

j}=k

R= xO

u tR C t

p}@twD=

R= xO

=iDU=

u tR

QO

% } Q=O 'O W

|] p}@twD= =@ |rL=U

t = x
1

40

t =
2

xO H QO -

CUNv
5

t = x =U u x t = t +t C t t QD wr} x C =U Q O =|
' 'u tR ' r }= QO m '
1 2

'

U=

o=

" W @

+ ( ; x)
20

%R=

CU=

t= x +
40

CQ

=@a OwW}t =O}B

5
2

s t

w |v}t O}=@ xm |a@=D u}=Q@=v@

+ ( ; x)
20 '

Qo = xm =Q} R
xO -

x
=iDU=
w '

=Hv}=

QO

"O W

XNWt R}v

Ow L

|va} '`@=D u}= xvt=O xm CU= -

sRq

=iDU= QFm =OL Qo}O

R= xO

| U R= w '

x=
p

s} Q=O Ovm CmQL j}=k =@

| U

w x@
| B

A x]k
-

v R= ,

=t}kDUt OQi
R= p

TB j}=k

x=
'

|va}

'x } H

Q R

x@ pL=U x]kv u} QDm}ORv

G w ? ' r=

= =D uOv=Q p}@twD=
t o }= @ @ "

wkat
R=

s}vm|t

xO

=}B Q} R
34 20

CQ Y @ =Q

w x

Ca=U

'

x=

5 |= @ w

t=

0 275

x]kv QO \ki QPH `@=D =Q} R CU= Q}PBkDWt |va}

'O W = H=

0 5

( ) ( ) (h ) =y = u Q =v C = (C = ) s x = (h ) t= = + = = = ] =p x ` = wv x t ( ) ( )
| ' a U } Q=O 0 QO r= 0 125 0 15 xR @ N=O QO @ D u= a @ " G w ?

U= u

0 25

( )
?

s o

= CU= |i=m u}=Q@=v@

"O W

"

CU=

pk=OL u=m}O=Q Q} R =Hv}=w CU}v Q}PBkDWt

w

% } Q=O

XNWt =yv
1

QO

f
9

Q=

Okt

|v=QL@

=kv xOW
0

xO=O Q= k

dt = dx

; ( ; x) q ; ( ; x ) = ( ; x) ; ( ; x ) = ( ; x) ( ; x) = ;x= p
40 40 5
2

; q ( ; x)
2 5
2

dt Q QiY Q@=Q@ dx

2 5

4 5
9 5

R=

CU=

CQ

=@a

?= H

=yvD

5 u J

x= ;p
5

3 5

3 658

t =

3 ; p5
40

0 091

+ = + =
9 20

p+

x]kv u}=

QO w

9 5

0 164

= =

0 255

(C = )
a U

CUOx@ x

3 658

km

|=R= @ s t

w |v}t xm s}vm|t x_Lqt '|}=yDv= Q=Okt

wO @ Q=

Okt u}= xU}=kt QO " }

O |t

xO U - r

= x =Ut u}=

"

s}vm =O}B (4 w

) x]k x y = x
v @ =Q
2

|vLvt x]kv u} QDm}ORv s}y=wN|t QO ,

"2 p=Ft
x=Q U R= =Q

xU}=kt |rw O}UQ s}y=wN -

?= H

l} x@ pL

x=Q

xU Qy

=a@]

w '

s}vm|t pL hrDNt
"

CU= xOvRwt =yWwQ

y
s

4 0

xvt=O =@ -

wO

=@

wO

Qy

xN=W l}
|wQ

|= @ =Q
3 2

y = ;x = y = x = ` = x =U C | = ( ) x]k x
3 2

3 2

@ D wO | yQ=O

wtv

=tDH= xOW
wO uQ

xO=O

|vLvt
"

pw= x=Q
0

U=

i m

4 0

C@Uv xN=W O

=kD Q@=v@

CU=

+1
0

y=x =
Qw

\ki u}=Q@=v@
|wQ

"

s}vm Qw_vt R}v

|=

=Q

Qo}O xN=W -

QO x t

CUO x@ x]kv xv} Qk w s}vm pL " }

=@ CU= Q@=Q@ |vLvt u}= u}ty

" D

(x y )

x]kv

R=

4 0

) x]k
-

v - Y i

xr =

s Q}o|t Q_v
R= "

PHt

u= D

w |t 'CU= KQ]t C@Ft C}tm l} =@ x@U=Lt

%OQw w

Q CU=Q QU

CU=

p
=Q

uO m s t

w |v}t xm =Hv
QO =Q
2

=tv Ok=i xm CiQo Q_v

CUOx@

Q} R `@=D swt|v}t O}=@ TB

4
2 3

'

(x ; ) + y (x ; ) + y |va =@ y = x |vLv =k Q =vt

4
2

QO =Q

1
2

} CQ

'

t \

v |= @ ,

D(x) = (x ; ) + x
s} Q}o@ Q_v QO O}=@ R}v =Q Q}PBkDWt
0

x < +1
0 16 } Q=O 0 } v= v QO

x ;! +1 |D < x < +1 x ` = wv
QO @ D u=

kw

`@=D Q=DiQ x

"

a @

D `=
4

@ D

D( ) = s x = | =yD x]k x ;! +1 |D D(x) ;! +1 x

" kw

"

s}vm =O}B

=Q

|a wt
2

=ytwt|v}t
4

xO=O Q= k

Q QiY Q@=Q@

=Q

dD O}=@ TB 'CU= dx

dD = (x ; ) + x dx
3

u}=Q@=v@ 'CU}v =t `@=D xvt=O ?= H '

QO

xm CU=
"

4 3

;
4 3

2 | y

= xW} Q

|=Q=O 3

"

4 3

D( ) < D( ) xmv p ) Ov =@ Ov
4 3

}=

x@ xHwD =@ |t
=Q

D( ) = x

256 27

s} Q=O
\

"OQ=O

x + x; = | Q x =} x =
2

xrO=at
4 3

UQ @

@ R

\ki

R=

DQ

yO

xrY=i pk=OL xm |vLvt |a@=D

=kv

O} |t CUOx@

4 3

|=R= @

x xr=Ut

'

s}vm

Z i

R=

|a@=D

=Q

' }

s Q}o@ |vLvt

|wQ

R=

=Q

y xmv

}= |

=H@ s}v=wD|t

"swO x=Q

?ULQ@ =Q xrY=i QwPHt 'xOW xO=O V}=tv x ?ULQ@ xm q=@ D `@=D |=H x@ CQwYv}= QO w x =
%

s}vm|t |UQ

y= Q y
2 3

E (y) = (y = ; ) + y
2 3

;1 < y < +1
QO

'

y ;! 1 |D
Q =@
w

kw

" W @

O = |t

=tD

xvt=O -

CU= KQ]t `@=D l} \ki =Hv}=

0 QO x W xO=O

xm O}vm xHwD
} Q=O

x]kv u}= QO =Q `@=D Q=Okt O}=@ u}=Q@=v@ CU}v Q}PBkDWt y

uO=O Q= k

CU= Q}PBkDWt `@=D

=kv Q}=U

QO

"

= E( ) =
0

`@=D
"O m

"

E ;! +1 s
\

16

s} Q=O

Q |UQQ@ xv=o =OH Qw]x@

=Q

s} Q=O
4 1
2 3

"

s}vm|t =O}B
2

|v=QL@

=kv dE dy

dE = = dy y = (y ; ) + y
3
1 3

"O W

w |t xH}Dv ("OW |UQQ@ ,q@k

y=
3

xm O}vm xHwD)
2
2 3

3 2

y=
8

1 3

QO uO m ?

dE dy

0 uO=O Q= k

Q =@

y= + y= ; =
4 3

xm
, =O

y= =; = w q OH x= y =
2 3

O W

|t xH}Dv xrO=at u}= pL xH}Dv QO

w

R=

"

CU=

2 3

?ULQ@

xHQO xrO=at l} xm
?= H

"

4 3

y=
"O W

p =} 'y =
8 3

2 3

4 3

TB 'CU}v pw@k p@=k |ivt w =ty

w

w |t xH}Dv

pw= x=Q ?= H u

E(

p
8

) < E( )
0

'

CWwv |Qo}O R= xO=U |a@=D CQwYx@ =Q x =} y wvax@ Q

"

R=

|m} u=wDv f (x
L @ =Q

y) =
t wO

0 y

x]@=Q R= |Dkw
m W m

"swU x=Q
U= t

u=

t sUH

=@

"

s}U} wv@

|= @

CU= u=tR ?ULQ@

t O O Q}eD ?U Q y x Q}eD Q s}v V w C umt (x y) x]k C Q Q}U O |vLv x Q Q w| = C w w | y = x |vLv

| } H t |= v m L t x W xO=O t m O m Z i u= D
2

t u tR

W v u= D

t '

x = t y = t ;1 < t < +1
2 3

%O W

w |t x =Q=

R=

|a@=D
4

CQ Y @

w x
6

4 0

) (x y) xr
R=

Y i Qw

PHt

CQ

wYv}=

QO

F (t) = (t ; ) + t
2 2

;1 < t < +1
kw } Q=O t v m yO t Q= k
4

t |a = wv x Ft ;! 1 |D F (t) ;! +1 s t( t + t ; ) = = t + t ; t = w | xH}D x s} | Q Qi Q Q t x C@U F( ) = s O | ( w@ p = Q} ) t = ; t = t = =y w x q p ) =k =t x =U OvDU ( w F( ) = l x C y = x |vLv ( ) x]k C}a p x u xU =k p = xDm =yD l w x x]k u p O =| ( ) x]k xr = Q |a w st}U =
u

jDWt 'CU= Q}PBkDWt =Hxty

2

R=

@ D u=

a @

0 } '6

16

0O W

Y @= @ =Q

16

} Q=O

" yO

t =Q

@ k

e
8

2 w

'

0 |
4 3

@= H

"

4 3

v u

t ?= H w

256 37

U=

t |wQ

0 0

L x=Q

}= QO

@ k

v=

} CQ Y @

}= 'pw=

L x=Q R=

" W @

4 0

v R=

Y i |= @

m t

QO w '

CU}v Q}PBkDWt `@=D

QO

xm u}mD x]kv l} w

u=

wva x@

swO

pL

x=Q QO 'O W

w |t Qy=_ `@=D
u=

xR @ x=Q

xr=Ut xmv}= x@ xDU@ u}=Q@=v@ w O

"

CU= QiY

w OQ=O O Hw

jDWt

QO

xm x]kv l} w

wvax@ swU pL

"O W x }O u o v o |

w =w

=yDQwY x@ CU= umtt x]kv l} C}y=t Q

O=YDk=

'O W |

O@vDQwY xvwoJ
(2
19)
u=

u= D

w |t xm Ovm|t O}rwD |}q=m

's o

O}rwD CmQW l} O}vm Q

Z i

p}=Ut

QO OQ@ Q=m
=Q q m u

xv |rw

Q wr}m =} u) ?ULQ@ QmW O}rwD , t D qF

"O W

"O m Z i

Q xDUw}B |D}tm ,qta

OQ= t QO

O}rwD

R}t

O}rwD xv} Ry

w |t xO}HvU K}LY OOa =@ O}rwD Okt

u=

R}t Q}N=

xm |}=} QOQ} R =} =t}B=wy O}rwD

C (q) x

@ =Q q m R= Q=

q O} w

r D

xv} Ry Qo =

"

CU=
3

pmW Ovv=t |vLvt l} ,awv O}rwD Q=Okt ?ULQ@ =

Q=O

pmW

wtv pmW

' p }Q

?ULQ@ , t) s}yO V}=tv qF

R(q) c(q) q q
1

R R(q) q

C C (q) q

pmW
|Q= o } t U |Q=

pmW
|R= v=x=Q |= @

pmW
CQ Y @

Q@=v@ 'CU=
"O W

sRq

x}rw=
0

P x= Q

Okt 'O}rwD

"O W

w |t x}HwD Q} R

w x

w |t Qy=_

C( ) >
Q xm
|=

0 CQ Y

x@ xm CU= xOW xv} Ry |er@t p=L Qy x@

sRq | } H

(q=
w

|va}) R=e

QO

|va} 'O@=}|t Vy=m O}rwD |@Uv xv} Ry CU}v w

OO

x}rw=

|Q= o } t U u J '

P x= Q

O}rwD V}=Ri= =@ QDu}}=B

sr}i x}yD -

h Y

xv} Ry

'? m

=D l}

A J QO ,

qFt

"O @

w Oy=wN CU=Q \N l}

R=

C (q)

C (q) |va} '|@Uv xv} Ry OW=@ QDW}@ O}rwD xJQy q

x W xO=O

w O W

w |tv Q=QmD CUq=@ C@Uv x@

Q=O

w O W

w |t lv} R

O =

V}=tv q
w Cq

R= |=

x_Lqt p@=k Q=Okt =D C (q )

wtv QakD CQwYx@ C}ak=w u}=

Rw

" @ }

O = |t Vy=m
"

Q m |w

Q}v

u}W=t V}=Ri= x@ R=}v CU= umtt Ovm xm u=vJty

'O W

=HD |v}at OL

R=

O}rwD |Dkw |rw

QO

CU=

V}=tv pmW

QO

w |t

C (q) Qak

: D

CyH Q}}eD ?ULQ@ V}=Ri= u}= CQwYv}=

"

xm OW=@
xO=O

Q}O |r}N =D OQ}ov CQwY CyH Q}}eD u}= CU= umtt CqwYLt | a@ O}rwD |=Q@ V}=tv
'

CU= xOW
"O v

R(q)
=

'q m Q=

Okt O

Vw i R=

pY=L Ot Q

QO 4

pmW QO 'O}rwD xv} Ry p@=kt QO '

O w}B@ `wkwx@
xO=O

Vw i R e

QO

"OQ= v O Hw | t QO Vw i R=

p@k |va} O

R( ) =
0

=Hv}=

QO

"

CU= xOW

Vw i

Q Ct}k =@W=

QO

Q rY=L Q@=Q@ xm
xOQw @

| t

QO ' L=w

Vw i

Q ?U=vD x@ |va} 'CU= |]N

"O W

, =Ow L

'Q=R @ `

w R

=}v uOW

Q ?@U x@ ,awv O}rwD V}=Ri= =@ |rw =

w

w |t pY=L CU= OL=w l}

| y L=w Q

Ot QO ?U=vDt V}=Ri= ?Hwt O}rwD V}=Ri= , } QOD 'Ct}k Ci) =H =

" v=x W xO=O Q= k

?}kQ

= O

wy_ ?@U x@ =} wtv

2

O O

Q sy

|wQ

|vLvt

wO 5

pmW

QO

"O W

w |t Qakt u}}=Bx@
R=

wQ

R(q)
u=

Q=O

w O W

w |tv

QO

O}rwD Q=Okt O}=@ 'OW=@

xO O U

w O}rwD xmv}= |=Q@

} 'O N O U

CU= QDq=@ xv} Ry

Ot QO

R}t

=Q

p(q) = R(q) ; C (q) |va

xm CU= p}=t xOvvm O}rwD `k=w

QO

" v

]q q = O =t ]q q
1

xR @ |wQ xR @ -

'

P (q) C (q) q | R}
v= R= |O

|= @

Q xm Ovm

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10