b

, .

\
,

"
,

f (a)
0

S a

f : S ;! R
:

h 0
!

lim f (a + h) ; f (a) + f (a)h] = 0 h

0

(1)

x = a+h

f
0

f (a) + f (a)h
0

(h) = f (a + h) ; f (a) + f (a)h] h

,

(2)

h 6= 0

jhj
.

(h) ;! 0

f (a + h)
(2)

jhj

S
.

h ;! 0
(3)

f (a + h) = f (a) + f (a)h + (h)h

0

jhj
. (3) b

f (a)
0

a f
,

h ;! 0
1

(h) ;! 0

0 6=

m h ;! 0

(h) ;! 0

0 6=

jhj

f (a + h) = f (a) + mh + (h)h f (a + h) ; f (a) ; m = (h) h f (a+h) f (a) h ;! 0 h

;

h ;! 0

(h) ;! 0
.

a a f
0 6=
.

f a m h ;! 0
(h) ;! 0

m
(1-15)

f : S ;! R .

jhj

f (a + h) = f (a) + mh + (h)h

2
(3) (4) b .

a x
,

f f x
, .

f (a)
0

m y = f (x)

y y

x
.

(3)

(4)

y f (a + h) ; f (a)
(4)

y = f (a) x + x ( x)
0

y ; f (a) x = x ( x)
0

(5)

f y

y
b

f (a) x
0

(a f (a))

\
.

"a
,

y
( x)

x ;! 0
. b
b

g : T ;! R f : S ;! R b g a f
.

(2-15)

f (a) = b T
,

b a
b

S g f
(6)

(g f ) (a) = g (b)f (a)

0 0 0

g f S = fx 2 S j f (x) 2 T g
0

a2S T S a

a x

a T a
,

g f
,

T
b

f (a) = b b a f
, .

]b ; e b + e

e>0
,

f (x) 2 T
.

>0
b

a x

T f (x) a
,

f (x)

jf (x) ; bj < e
x

ja ; xj <

x2S
, .

jx ; aj <
,

x2S
b

y = f (x)
0 6=

a
,

g f a f
, .

j xj

z = g(y )
,

x ;! 0

( x) ;! 0

y ; f (a) x = x ( x)
0

(7)

0 6=

j yj
3

y ;! 0

( y ) ;! 0

z ; g (b) y = y ( y)
0

(8)

(9)

(8)

z ; g (b)(f (a) x + x ( x)) = (f (a) x + x ( x)) ( y)

0 0 0

z ; (g (b)f (a)) x = xfg (b) ( x) + f (a) + ( x))] ( y )g

0 0 0 0

0 6=

j xj
.

f g
,

( y)
,

f g
x ;! 0 a f
( y)
, .

x ;! 0
0 6=

j xj j xj j xj
,

j yj
b

( y)
,

j yj
,

x ;! 0

f
.

2
h
) .

x ;! 0

( y ) ;! 0

y ;! 0
.1

h(x) = (x2 + x + 1)10

10

x2 + x + 1
. (20

h(x) = (g f )(x)

g(x) = x10 f (x) = x2 + x + 1

b ,
0

g (x) = 10x9 f (x) = 2x + 1

0

h (x) = g (f (x)) f (x)

0 0 0

= 10(x2 + x + 1)9 (2x + 1)

h(x) = sin(cos x)
4

.2

h(x) = (g f )(x)
0 0

g(x) = sin x f (x) = cos x

h (x) = g (f (x)) f (x)

0

= cos(cos x) (; sin x)

h=f f

f (0) = 2 f (0) = 0
0

.3

x=0

h (0) = f (f (0)) f (0)

0 0 0

h (0) = 4 h (0) = f (0)2

0

f (0) = 0

(3-15)
y = f (x) x
dy dy dx ja , dx (a)
, .

f x=a

dy dx
b .

f (x)
0

f y
dy(f (a)) dx(a) y x

lim x
.

y x

dy = dx

dy dx

y
.

x
dy dx

dx a
0

dy f

a
,

f h

f
,

f (a)
0

f (a)
0

dy(f (a))
.

dx(a) dy (f (a)) = f (a) dx(a)

0

f (a)h
,

dy dx \d" y
,

x
.

(7)

z = (g f )(x)

z = g(y ) y = f (x)

2-15

dz (g (b)) = dz(g (b)) dy(b) dx(a) dy(b) dx(a) dz (a) = dz (b) dy (a) dx dy dx
:

(9)

(10)

dz = dz dy dx dy dx
, ,

(11)

a dy(b) a
b

dz dy
.

dy dx

a
b

dz dx
(10)

b = f (a)

g f dy(b)

dz(g(b)) dx(a)

10cm 20 cm3 sec

.

20cm
.

.1

6cm

V
dh dt
b

t
)

h
dV dt

t
=2

t t V h
( . .

dh dt

dV dt

V
: ,

h=6

r = 10 = 1 h 20 2
1 V = 3 r2 h = 12 h3
:

dV = dV dh dt dh dt
: ,

dV dh

= 4 h2

2 = ( h2 )( dh ) 4 dt

: dh = 92 dt
b .

cm sec

h=6 S

dh dt

4 b

.2

1 2
b

5 b

S
b

S d =1 dt 2
7

( rad ) sec

x = 4 cot

dx = ; 4 d dt sin2 dt
5

dx dt

sin = cos( ; ) = 4 2 5
:

dx = ; 100 1 = ;3=25 dt 16 2 S I f
;

3*25

b (f

(f

) b

f : I ;! R
. .

I
b ,

f : I ;! R
.

(4-15)

1 1

b = f (a)
; 0

1 (f 1 ) (b) = f (a)

(12)

f
,

(f

f )(x) = x f

b = f (a)
b

I
,

a
b

b+ k f
b

jkj
f
.
;

f
.

x
f ;1 (b+k) f ;1 (b) k
;

f (x)
:

h
; ;

b + k = f (a + h)

limk

= limk = limk

f ;1 (f (a+h)) f ;1 (f (a)) f (a+h) f (a) h

0 f (a+h);f (a)

h ;! 0

k ;! 0

1
:

lim f (a + hh ; f (a) = f 1a) ) ( h 0

! 0

(5-15)
n f (x) = xn
. b

R
.

(1-5-15)

f : R+ ;! R f (x) > 0
0

n<0

f (x) < 0 n > 0

0 ;

x 2 R+

f (x) = nxn
0 ;

f
1 f 1 (x) = x n

: R+ ;! R

(13)

(f 1 ) (xn ) = f 01x) (
; 0

= 1 x1 n n
;

x
1 ;1

xn
(13)

(f 1 ) (x) = 1 x n n
; 0

n h : R+ ;! R h(x) = x m
, ,

p
,

d(xp ) dx

= pxp

h=g f

1 g (x) = xm f (x) = x n

h (x) = g (f (x)) f (x)

0 0 0

= m(x n )m
1

( 1 )x n n

1 ;1

m = mx n n
,

;2 2 ]
, b

(2-5-15)

]; 2

2
b

sin x = cos x
0

sin

]; 1 1
: ,

sin

sin(sin 1 (x)) = x
;

sin (sin 1 x) (sin 1 ) (x) = 1

0 ; ; 0

cos(sin 1 (x)) = 1 ; x2
;

cos(sin 1 x) (sin 1 ) (x) = 1

; ; 0

]; 2

sin 1 (x) ] ; 1 1
;

x
:

(sin 1 ) (x) = p 1 2 1;x

; 0

(14)

sin 1 x + cos 1 x = 2
; ;

(cos 1 ) (x) = p ;1 2 1;x

; 0

(15)

10

]; 2
.

R
tan
:
;

tan
,
0

(3-5-15)

tan x = 1 + tan2 x > 0

;

tan(tan 1 (x)) = x tan (tan 1 x) (tan 1 ) (x) = 1

0 ; ; 0

(1 + tan2 (tan 1 (x))) (tan 1 ) (x) = 1

; ; 0

(tan 1 ) (x) =
; 0

1 1 + x2
,

(16)

tan 1 x + cot 1 x = 2
; ;

(cot 1 ) (x) = ;1 2 1+x

; 0

(17)

11