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Math 251 Final Exam Formula Sheet

This document provides formulas and concepts related to multivariable calculus and vector calculus. It includes formulas for distance to a plane, equations of spheres, planes and lines, cross products, volumes of parallelepipeds, curvature, tangent planes, differentials, gradients, directional derivatives, Hessian determinants, Jacobians, spherical coordinates, line integrals, surface integrals, Green's theorem, Stokes' theorem, and the divergence theorem. It also provides some trigonometric identities.

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Jitesh Kuntawala
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692 views2 pages

Math 251 Final Exam Formula Sheet

This document provides formulas and concepts related to multivariable calculus and vector calculus. It includes formulas for distance to a plane, equations of spheres, planes and lines, cross products, volumes of parallelepipeds, curvature, tangent planes, differentials, gradients, directional derivatives, Hessian determinants, Jacobians, spherical coordinates, line integrals, surface integrals, Green's theorem, Stokes' theorem, and the divergence theorem. It also provides some trigonometric identities.

Uploaded by

Jitesh Kuntawala
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Final Exam - Formula Sheet

Math 251, Se tion F6

The distan e from P1(x1 ; y1; z1) to plane ax + by + z + d = 0 is: jax1p+a2by+1 b+2 + z1 2+ dj .
Sphere: (x h)2 + (y k)2 + (z l)2 = r2:
Plane: a(x x0) + b(y y0) + (z z0 ) = 0 where = ha; b; i.
x = x0 + at
Line: y = y0 + bt through (x0 ; y0; z0 ) in dire tion ha; b; i.
z = z0 + t
n

8
>
<
>
:

Cross-Produ t:  =
a

a1 a2 a3
b1 b2 b3

a2 a3
b2 b3

a1 a3
b1 b3

projab = a  ba

ompab = ja jb ;
a; b;

a1 a2
b1 b2

Volume of a parallelopiped with edges


Ar length: L = ab j (t)jdt.

is V = j  (  )j.
a

(t) = j ((tt))j ;
(t) = j ((tt))j ;
(t) = (t)  (t)
Curvature: (t) = dds = jj ((tt))jj = j (tj) (t)j3 (t)j = (1 + j(ff ((xx)))j 2 )3=2
Tangent plane to z = f (x; y) at P (x0; y0; z0) is: z z0 = fx(x0 ; y0)(x x0 )+ fy (x0 ; y0)(y y0).
Linearization of f (x; y) at (a; b) is: L(x; y) = f (a; b) + fx(a; b)(x a) + fy (a; b)(y b).
0

r0

T0

00

r0

f
x

00

r0

Di erential: for z = f (x; y); dz =

dx

f
y

Di erential Approximation: for z = f (x; y), z 

dy:
f
x

x +

f
y

y:

Gradient: rf (x; y) = hfx; fy i and rf (x; y; z) = hfx; fy ; fz i.


Dire tional Derivative: Duf (x; y) = rf (x; y)  and Duf (x; y; z) = rf (x; y; z)  .
Hessian Determinant: H = H (a; b) = ffxxxy ((a;a; bb)) ffxyyy ((a;a; bb)) .
2nd Derivative Test: If H > 0 and fxx > 0 then lo al minimum. If H > 0 and fxx < 0 then
lo al maximum. If H < 0 then saddle point.
Langrange Multipliers: To maximize or minimize f (x; y; z) with onstraint g(x; y; z) = k,
u

look for the maximum and minimum values at the solutions of the system of equations given
by rf (x; y; z) = rg(x; y; z) and g(x; y; z) = k.
Average Value: favg = A(1R) R f dA.
ZZ

Ja obian:  ((u; v)) = xyuu xyvv .


Spheri al Coordinates: x =  sin  os  y =  sin  sin  z =  os  dV = 2 sin  d d d.
Line Integrals:
2
2
b
dx
dy
f (x(t); y (t))
f (x; y ) ds =
+ dt dt
dt
a
C




 x; y

 dr =

( ) =

f x; y dy

C
F

( ) =

f x; y dx

v
u
u
t

( ( ) ( )) ( )

f x t ; y t x0 t dt

( ( ) ( )) ( )

f x t ; y t y 0 t dt

( (t))  (t) dt =

F r

b
a

( ) + Q(x; y) dy

P x; y dx

Surfa e Integrals:
ZZ

S
ZZ

F dS

f dS

ZZ

ZZ

f x; y; z

 n dS =

gx2

ZZ

g

+ + 1 dA or
!

Green's Theorem:
Stokes' Theorem:

D
ZZ

Q

Q

x

x

url  d =
F

ZZZ

x

Fundamental Theorem for Line Integrals:


ZZ

dA
Z

ZZ

gy2

g
y

( (u; v)) j u  v j dA

P dx

( (a)):
r

+ Q dy.

 dr.

ZZ

Divergen e Theorem: E div dV = S  d .


Some Trigonometry Identities:
sin 2 = 2 sin  os  os 2 = os2  sin2 
2 sin2  = 1 os 2
os2  = 1 + os
2
2
F

ZZ

+ R dA or

rf  dr = f (r(b))

 (ru  rv ) dA

Final Exam - F orm ula Sheet Math 251, Se tion F6 The distan e from P 1 (x 1 ; y 1 ; z 1 ) to plane ax + by + z + d = 0 is:
lo ok for the maxim um and minim um v alues at the solutions of the system of equations giv en b y rf (x; y ; z ) = rg (x; y

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