b

"

f (a)

S a

f : S ;! R

lim f (a + h) ; fh(a) + f (a)h] = 0

0

(1)

h 0
!

x = a+h

f (a) + f (a)h
0

(h) = f (a + h) ; fh(a) + f (a)h]

0

h 6= 0

jhj

(h) ;! 0

jhj

f (a + h)

(2)

(2)

h ;! 0

f (a + h) = f (a) + f (a)h + (h)h

0

jhj

f (a)
0

(3) b

h ;! 0
1

(h) ;! 0

(3)

a f
0 6=

0 6=

jhj

h ;! 0

(h) ;! 0

f (a + h) = f (a) + mh + (h)h
f (a + h) ; f (a) ; m = (h)
h
f (a+h) f (a)
h ;! 0
h

h ;! 0

a
a

0 6=

(h) ;! 0

f
f : S ;! R .

jhj

(1-15)

m
h ;! 0

(h) ;! 0

f (a + h) = f (a) + mh + (h)h

2
(3)

(4) b

f
y

f (a)
0

f
,

x
(3)

(4)

y = f (x)

y f (a + h) ; f (a)

y = f (a) x + x ( x)
0

(4)

y ; f (a) x = x ( x)
0

f
y

(a f (a))

(5)

f (a) x
0

"a

\
.

x ;! 0

( x)

g : T ;! R f : S ;! R

b g

a f

f (a) = b T

(2-15)

g f

(g f ) (a) = g (b)f (a)

0

(6)

g f

S = fx 2 S j f (x) 2 T g
0

a2S

>0
a

jx ; aj <
a

g f

e>0

f (x)

f (a ) = b
f (x) 2 T

]b ; e b + e

T
S

a f

jf (x) ; bj < e

ja ; xj <

f (x) a
,

x2S

0 6=

j xj

a f

x ;! 0

z = g (y )

( x) ;! 0

y ; f (a) x = x ( x)

j yj

g f
,

0 6=

x2S

y = f (x)

(7)

y ;! 0

( y ) ;! 0

z ; g (b) y = y ( y)
0

(8)

(9)

(8)

z ; g (b)(f (a) x + x ( x)) = (f (a) x + x ( x)) ( y )

0

z ; (g (b)f (a)) x = xfg (b) ( x) + f (a) + ( x))] ( y )g

0

0 6=

j xj

f g

( y)
,

( y)

j yj

j yj

j xj

j xj

x ;! 0

( y ) ;! 0

h(x) = (x2 + x + 1)10

( y)

j xj

y ;! 0
.1

x2 + x + 1

10

h(x) = (g f )(x)

x ;! 0

0 6=

x ;! 0

f g

x ;! 0
a f

g (x) = x10 f (x) = x2 + x + 1

(20

g (x) = 10x9 f (x) = 2x + 1

h (x) = g (f (x)) f (x)

0

= 10(x2 + x + 1)9 (2x + 1)

h(x) = sin(cos x)

.2

h(x) = (g f )(x)

g(x) = sin x f (x) = cos x

h (x) = g (f (x)) f (x)

0

= cos(cos x) (; sin x)

h=f f

f (0) = 2 f (0) = 0

.3

x=0

h (0) = f (f (0)) f (0)

0

h (0) = 4 h (0) = f (0)2

f (0) = 0

(3-15)
y = f (x)

dy
dx

x
dy dy
dx ja , dx (a)

x=a

f (x)
0

dy(f (a))
dx(a)

lim x

y
x

dy
= dx

y
x

dy
dx

dx

dy

dy
dx

f (a)
0

dy (f (a))

f (a)
0

dx(a)
dy (f (a)) = f (a) dx(a)

f (a)h
0

dy dx \d"

(7)

z = (g f )(x)

z = g(y ) y = f (x)

2-15

dz (g(b)) = dz(g (b)) dy (b)

dx(a)
dy (b) dx(a)

(9)

dz (a) = dz (b) dy (a)

dx
dy dx

(10)

dz = dz dy
dx dy dx

(11)

dy
dx

dz
dy

dy(b)
a

b = f (a)

(10)

g f

dz
dx

dy (b)

dz(g(b))
dx(a)

10cm

3
20 cm
sec

20cm

.1

6cm

dh
dt

dh
dt

dV
dt

=2

V h
(

dV
dt

h=6

r = 10 = 1
h 20 2
V = 31 r2 h = 12 h3
:

dV = dV dh
dt dh dt
:

dV
dh

= 4 h2

2 = ( h2 )( dh )
4
dt
2
: dh
dt = 9

cm
sec

dh
dt

h=6

4 b

.2

1
2

5 b

d =1
dt 2
7

( rad
sec )

x = 4 cot

dx = ; 4 d
dt
sin2 dt
S

dx
dt

sin = cos( ; ) = 4
2
5
:

dx = ; 100 1 = ;3=25
dt
16 2
S

(f

3*25

b
(f

f : I ;! R

) b

f : I ;! R

I
f

(4-15)

b = f (a)

(f 1 ) (b) = f (1a)
;

(12)

(f

f )(x) = x

b = f (a)

b+ k

jkj

f (x)

limk

f ;1 (b+k) f ;1 (b)
k

= limk

= limk

h ;! 0

b + k = f (a + h )

f ;1 (f (a+h)) f ;1 (f (a))
f (a+h) f (a)
;

0 f (a+h);f (a)

k ;! 0

lim f (a + hh) ; f (a) = f 1(a)

h 0
0

(5-15)
n
n<0

(1-5-15)

f : R+ ;! R

f (x) = xn
.

f (x) < 0 n > 0

f (x) > 0

x 2 R+

f (x) = nxn

: R+ ;! R

f 1 (x) = x n1
;

(13)

(f 1 ) (xn ) = f 01(x)
;

= 1n x1 n
;

(f 1 ) (x) = 1n x n
;

1 ;1

xn
(13)

d(xp )
dx

h : R+ ;! R h(x) = x mn

= pxp

h=g f

g(x) = xm f (x) = x n1

h (x) = g (f (x)) f (x)

0

= m(x n )m
1

m
= mn x n

;2 2 ]

]; 2

1 ;1

( 1n )x n

(2-5-15)

sin x = cos x
0

]; 1 1

sin

sin

sin(sin 1 (x)) = x
;

sin (sin 1 x) (sin 1 ) (x) = 1

0

cos(sin 1 x) (sin 1 ) (x) = 1

;

cos(sin 1 (x)) = 1 ; x2

]; 2

sin 1 (x) ] ; 1 1
;

x
:

(sin 1 ) (x) = p 1 2
1;x
;

(14)

sin 1 x + cos 1 x = 2
;

(cos 1 ) (x) = p ;1 2
1;x
;

10

(15)

]; 2

tan

tan

tan x = 1 + tan2 x > 0

0

tan(tan 1 (x)) = x
;

(3-5-15)

tan (tan 1 x) (tan 1 ) (x) = 1

0

(1 + tan2 (tan 1 (x))) (tan 1 ) (x) = 1

;

(tan 1 ) (x) =
;

1
1 + x2

(16)

tan 1 x + cot 1 x = 2

(cot 1 ) (x) = ;1 2
1+x
;

11

(17)