1

Gabarito - Lista de Exerccios IV

As funes so transformaes lineares?
a) f: R2
R2 , f ( x , y ) = ( x 2 , y ) no
b) f: R2
R2 , f ( x , y ) = (1 + y , x ) no
c) f: R2
R3 , f ( x , y ) = ( y , x , x + y ) sim

1)

2)

d) f: R2
e) f: R3
f) f: R3

R , f ( x , y ) = x + y sim
R3 , f ( x , y , z ) = ( x , 2y , 3z ) sim
R3 , f ( x , y , z ) = ( x , y , 1 ) no

f( 1 , 0 ) = ( 2 , 0 , 1 ) = -1( 1 , 1 , 1 ) - 2( 0 , 1 , -1 ) + 3( 1 , 1 , 0 )
f( 0 , 1 ) = ( 0 , 1 , -3 ) = -2( 1 , 1 , 1 ) + 1( 0 , 1 , -1 ) + 2( 1 , 1 , 0
=

3)

a) (5 , 3 , 0 ) = a( 1 , 1 , 0 ) + b( -1 , 0 , 1 ) + c( 0 , 1 , 0 ) a = 5 , b = 0 , c = -2
f( 5 , 3 , 0 ) = 5( 2 , 1 ) + 0( 3 , 3 ) - 2( 1 , 1 ) = ( 8 , 3 )
b) (x , y , z ) = a( 1 , 1 , 0 ) + b( -1 , 0 , 1 ) + c ( 0 , 1 , 0 ) a = x + z , b = z e c = y x - z
(x , y , z ) = ( x + z )( 1 , 1 , 0 ) + z( -1 , 0 , 1 ) + ( y x z )( 0 , 1 , 0 )
f( x , y , z ) = ( x + z )( 2 , 1 ) + z( 3 , 3 ) + ( y x z )( 1 , 1 ) = ( x + y + 4z , y + 3z )
c) f ( 1 , 1 , 0 ) = ( 2 , 1 ) = 2.( 1 , 0 ) + 1.( 0 , 1 )
f ( -1 , 0 , 1 ) = ( 3 , 3 ) = 3.( 1 , 0 ) + 1.( 0 , 1 )
f ( 0 , 1 ,0 ) = ( 1 , 1 ) = 1.( 1 , 0 ) + 1.( 0 , 1 )
=

4)

a)f( 1 , 0 , 0 ) =1( 1 , 0 , 1 ) + 0( 0 , 2 , 0 ) + 0( 1 , 1 , 0 ) = ( 1 , 0 , 1 )
f ( 0 , 1 , 0 ) = 0( 1 , 0 , 1 ) + 0( 0 , 2 , 0 ) + 1( 1 , 1 , 0 ) = ( 1 , 1 , 0 )
f ( 0 , 0 , 1 ) = 1( 1 , 0 , 1 ) + 1( 0 , 2 , 0 ) 1( 1 , 1 , 0 ) = ( 0 , 1 , 1 )
b) ( x , y , z ) = x( 1 , 0 , 0 ) + y( 0 , 1 , 0 ) + z( 0 , 0 ,1 )
f ( x , y , z ) = x.f( 1 , 0 , 0 ) + y.f( 0 , 1 , 0 ) + z.f( 0 , 0 , 1 )
f ( x , y , z ) = x( 1 , 0 , 1 ) + y( 1 , 1 , 0 ) + z( 0 , 1 , 1 ) = ( x + y , y + z , x + z )
5)

f( 1 , 0 ) = 1( 2 , 1) - 1( 1 , 2 ) = ( 1 , -1 ) e f( 0 , 1 ) = 0( 2 , 1 ) + 1( 1 , 2 ) = ( 1 , 2 )
( x , y ) = x( 1 , 0 ) + y( 0 , 1 )
f ( x , y ) = x . f( 1 , 0 ) + y. f ( 0 , 1 ) = x( 1 , -1 ) + y( 1 , 2 ) = ( x + y , -x + 2y )
6)

f( 1 , 0 , 0 ) = 1( 1 , 0 , 0 ) + 2( 0 , 1 , 0 ) + 1( 0 , 0 , 1 ) = ( 1 , 2 , ,1 )
f ( 0 , 1 , 0 ) = 0( 1 , 0 , 1 ) + 1( 0 , 1 , 0 ) - 1( 0 , 0 , 1 ) = ( 0 , 1 , -1 )
f ( 0 , 0 , 1 )= 1( 1 , 0 , 0 ) + 0( 0 , 1 , 0 ) + 0( 0 , 0 , 1 ) = ( 1 , 0 , 0 )

f ( x , y , z ) = x( 1 , 2 , 1 ) + y( 0 , 1 , -1 ) + z( 1 , 0 , 0 ) = ( x + z , 2x + y , x y )
7) a) ( 5 , 3, 1 ) = 5( 1 , 0 , 0 ) + 3( 0 , 1 , 0 ) + 1( 0 , 0 , 1 )
f ( 5 , 3, 1 ) = 5.f( 1 , 0 , 0 ) + 3. f ( 0 , 1 , 0 ) + 1.f ( 0 , 0 , 1 ) = 5.( 2 , 1 ) + 3.( 3 , 3 ) + 1.( 1 , 1 ) =
= ( 20 , 15 )

b) ( x , y, z ) = x( 1 , 0 , 0 ) + y( 0 , 1 , 1 ) + z( 0 , 0 , 1 )
f ( x , y , z ) = x . ( 2 , 1 ) + y . ( 3 , 3 ) + z . ( 1 , 1 ) = ( 2x + 3y + z , x + 3y + z )
c) f ( 1 , 1 , 0 ) = ( 2 , 1 )
f ( -1 , 0 , 1 ) = ( 3 , 3 )
f(0,1,0)=(1,1)
=
8) f( 1 , 2 , 1 ) = 1( 1 , 0 , 0 ) + 0( 0 , 1 , 0 ) + 1( 0 , 0 , 1 ) = ( 1 , 0 , 1 )
f( 0 , 1 , -1 ) = 0( 1 , 0 , 0 ) + 1( 0 , 1 , 0 ) - 1( 0 , 0 , 1 ) = ( 0 , 1 , -1 )
f( 1 , 0 , 0 ) = -1( 1 , 0 , 0 ) + 0( 0 , 1 , 0 ) + 0( 0 , 0 , 1 ) = ( -1 , 0 , 0 )
( x , y , z ) = a.( 1 , 2 , 1 ) + b. ( 0 , 1 , -1 ) + c.( 1 , 0 , 0 ) a =
,
(x,y,z)=

.( 1 , 2 , 1 ) +

f(x,y,z)=
=
f(x,y,z)

9)

f ( 0 , 1 , -1 ) +

.( 1 , 0 , 1 ) +

. ( 0 , 1 , -1 ) +

= (

. f( 1 , 0 , 0 ) =
.( -1 , 0 , 0 )

( A I ) =

det ( A I) = 0

temos:

-x+y=0
Para

y=x

x = 4y

V = { ( x , y ) / x = y }

temos:

-x + 4y = 0

V = { ( x , y ) / x = 4y }

B = base de autovetores: B = { 1 , 1 ) , ( 4 , 1 ) } . f diagonalizvel.

[f]B =

e c=

.( 1 , 0 , 0 )

f( 1 , 2 , 1 ) +

a) [f] =

Para

. ( 0 , 1 , -1 ) +

b=

matriz diagonal.

b) [f] =

( A I ) =

det ( A I) = 0
Para

temos:
=

Para

=0

y=z=0 e

V = { ( x , 0 , 0 ) / x

temos:

z = 16x e y = -20x

V = { ( x , y , z ) / z = 16x e y = -20x }

} dim V

= 1(*)

dim V

= 1(*)

(*) s conseguimos dois autovetores LI

No h uma base de autovetores em R3 , da f no diagonalizvel.

c) [f] =
det ( A I) = 0

( A I ) =
-

no tem razes razes

f no tem autovalores , ou seja, f no diagonalizvel

d) c) [f] =
det ( A I) = 0

( A I ) =

f no tem autovalores , ou seja, f no diagonalizvel

no tem razes razes