MATHEMATICS SOLUTIONS OF

"ADVANCED LEVEL PROBLEMS"

Target : JEE (IITs)

TOPIC : FUNCTIONS
PART - I
1.

f(x) =

2x 1

log x 4 log

3 x
2

2x 1

0
For domain : log x 4 log2
3x

Case-I
0<

x4
<1
2

4<x<2

..........A

2x 1

then log x 4 log 2

0
3x

2x 1
1
3x
on A B
x (4, 3)

log2

x4
>1
2

Case-II

or

2.

3.

x (4, ) ..........(ii)
12

x < 3 ..........B

1<

..........A

0 < log2

(i) (ii)

2x 1
1
3x

..........(i)

x > 2

2x 1

0
log x 4 log 2
3x

2x 1
2
3x

2x 1
2
3x

Domain x ( 4, 3) (4, )

f(x) = (x x + x x + 1)
Dr : x 12 x 9 + x 4 x + 1 > 0
For x 0 it is obvious that for f(x) to be defined Dr > 0.
For x 1, (x 12 x 9) + (x 4 x) + 1 is positive
Since x 12 x 9, x 4 x.
For 0 < x < 1, Dr = x 12 + (x 4 x 9) + (1 x) > 0
Since x 4 > x 9, x < 1.
Hence Dr > 0 for all x R
Domain is x R
f(x) =

1/2

e x e |x|
e x e | x|

if x 0, f(x) =

e x e x
2e

1
1
1

x 2 =
2(e )
2
2

1
1

(e x )2

; f(x) 0, 1
2

........(i)

1
f(x) 0,
2

if x < 0, f(x) =

ex ex
x

e e

RESONANCE

=0

.........(ii)

1
range of f(x) is (i) (ii) = 0,
2

FUNCTIONS - 1

4.

f(a) =

2a 2 a for domain of f(x)

2a2 a 0

a(2a 1) 0

Let
g(x) x 2 + (a + 1)x + (a 1) = 0
(i)
D0
(a + 1)2 4(a 1) 0

aR
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

B
<1
2A
g( 2) > 0
g(1) > 0

2 <

1
a (, 0] ,
2

...(i)

(a 1)
<1
2
4 2(a + 1) + (a 1) > 0

1+a+1+a1>0
2<

a 3, 3 ....(ii)

a<1

a > 1/2

Now (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) we get

5.

2 1
f(x) = sin1 x + cos 1
2

2 1
x 2

Domain :

2 1
1 x 1
2

5 5

x 2, 2

and

2 1
1 x 1
2

3 3
,
x
2 2

3 3

domain is x 2 , 2

6.

7.

3
x 2 0,
2

or

if

(i)

1
x 2 0, , then
2

f(x) =

if

(ii)

1
x 2 ,1 , then
2

f(x) =

if

(iii)

3
x 2 1, , then
2

f(x) =

range = {}

1 1
2
1 1
1 1999
1
f = +
+ 2 2000 +....... 2 2000 = 1000
2
2
2000
2

f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c
f(0) = c c
f(1) = a + b + c (a + b + c)

8.

6 x 6 x
f(x) =
2.6 x

9.

f(x) =

(a + b)

, x0
, x0

sin 2 x 4 sin x 5

=y
2 sin 2 x 8 sin x 8
sin2 x (1 2y) + 4sinx (1 2y) + (5 8y) = 0
vertex (2, 1)
Let sin x = t,
where t [1,1]
5
g (1) g (1) 0 or 2(1 y) . 2(5 9y) 0 or y ,1
9

RESONANCE

FUNCTIONS - 2

10.

y = f(x + 2) is drawn by shifting the graph by 2 units horizontally.

11.

0
2
x sin x
f(x) =
x x

x0
x (1,1) 0
|x||

= f(x)

odd function

PART - II
1.

(i)

log1/ 3 log 4 ([ x ]2 5)
Domain
(i)

log1/3 log4 ([x]2 5) 0 or

log4 ([x]2 5) 1
2
or
[x]
9or
x [3, 4)
.........(i)

(ii)

log4 ([x]2 5) > 0

or
[x]2 5 > 1
or
x ( , 2) [ 3, )
[x]2 5 > 0
x ( , 2) [ 3, )
Now (i) (ii) (iii)

x [3, 2) [ 3, 4)

(iii)

(ii)

.........(ii)
.........(iii)

1
f(x) = [ | x 1 | ] [ | 12 x | ] 11
Case- x > 12
f(x) =

1
[ x] 1 [ x] 12 11

Now for f(x) to be defined [x] 12

x (12, 13)
Case- 1 x 12

1
f(x) = 2 ([ x ] 12)

x [12, 13)

but x > 12

if x I
1

f(x) =
= [ x ] ( 1 [ x ])
[ x ] 1 12 [ x ] 11
not defined if x I

Case-
x<1
f(x) =

x {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

1
1 [ x ] [ x ] 12 11

2(1 [ x ]) if
f(x) = 1

if
2 [ x ]
(iii)

xI
xI

x (0, 1)

x (0.5, ) & x 0.5

x<1

x2 2x 3

f(x) = x 0.5 log( 0.5 x ) 4x2 4x 3

x + 0.5 > 0, x + 0.5 1

RESONANCE

.....(A)
FUNCTIONS - 3

&

or

x 2 2x 3
2

4x 4x 3

> 0 or

( x 3)( x 1)
>0
(2x 3)(2x 1)

1
3
x ( , 3) ,1 ,
2
2

.....(B)

1
3 1
(A) (B) Domain of f(x) : x ,1 ,
2
2 2

cos x
(iv)

f(x) =

1
2

6 35 x 6 x 2
cos x

(v)

1
0 or x 2n , 2n , n

3
3
2

and

6 + 35x 6x 2 > 0

1 5
Domain , ,6
6 3 3

f(x) =

x [1, 3)

&

x [1, 1]

x (1, )

&

7x + 1 w

1 1 2 3 4 5 6
Domain ,0, , , , , ,
7 7 7 7 7 7 7

(i)

f(x) =

x 1 + 2 3 x
D:x10
&
3x0

1
Range : f(x) =

x [1, 3]

2 x 1

f 5 > 0

&

f 5

For domain

(i)

(ii)

1
x ,6
6

( 7 x 1) !
5
sin1 x 2
3
+
x1
x 1
2

x 1
2 0

&
x+1>0

2.

or

3x

= 0 or

< 0

[x] > 0 and [x] 1

for range if x [2, ), then

|x|
=1
x

f(x) = 0 at x =

7
5

maxima at x =

7
5

so

Range :

2,

10

[x] 2, so x [2, )

so f(x) = cos 10 =

Range of f(x) =
2

log1/ 2 log 2 [ x 2 4 x 5]

(iii)

f(x) =

D : 0 < log2 [x 2 + 4x + 5] 1
[x 2 + 4x + 5] = 2
D : x (2
R : {0}

RESONANCE

2 , 3] [1, 2 +

or
or

1 < [x 2 + 4x + 5] 2
2 x 2 + 4x + 5 < 3

2)

FUNCTIONS - 4

(iv)

x2

f(x) = sin1 log 2 2

1
x2

<4
2
2

and
(v)

x2

1 log2 2

x ( 8 , 1] [1,

<2

8)

R : , 0,
2
2

f(x) = log[x 1] sinx

sin x > 0

x (2n,(2n+1))
here
[x 1] > 0 & [x 1] 1
x [3, ]

Domain x [3, ) 2n , (2n 1) .

n 1

For range sin x (0, 1] and [x 1] [2, ) so range (, 0]

(vi)

f(x) = tan1

Domain : (i)
(ii)
(iii)
For domain (i)

[ x ] [ x ] 2 | x | +

[x] + [x] 0
2|x|0
x0
(ii) (iii)

x2
x
|x| 2 x [2, 2]

Domain : {2, 1, 1, 2}

1
Range : , 2
4

3.

3
f(x) = sin

x
x
sin5
2
5

T 1 = 2, T 2 = 5
4.

(i)

y = cos (sin x)
sin x [1, 1]

1
cos 1

(ii)

y = | n | x 2 x | |
(rough sketch)

RESONANCE

T = 10

3
2

3
2

5
2

FUNCTIONS - 5

(iii)

y = min (x [x], x [x]) =

min
({
x
}, { x })

, xI
,x I

(iv)

y = (sin 2x)

(v)

y = sin x + | sin x |
Ans.
y = 2 sin x
=0

(vi)

5.

y = In x

(ii)
and

1 tan 2 x

if
if

sin x 0
sin x < 0

, ln x 0 ,
x 1
0
(In x )2
=
| In x |
2 ln x , ln x 0 , 0 x 1

[x] [y] = x + y
(i)
if x, y
or

x
x 1
if x, y I
y = I2 + f 2
f1 + f2 I
0 < f1 + f2 < 2
I 1 + I 2 + 1 = I 1I 2
y=

then

xy = x + y

(x, y) is (0, 0), (2, 2)

Let
then

x = I1 + f 1
I 1 + I 2 + f 1 + f 2 = I 1I 2

f 1 + f 2 = 1.

I2 1
2
I1 = I 1 1 I 1 .
2
2

I2 1 = 1, 2, I2 = 2, 0, 3, 1

I1 = 3, 1, 2, 0
I1 I2 = 6, 0
x + y = I 1I 2
x + y = 0 or x + y = 6

RESONANCE

FUNCTIONS - 6

6.

(i) | [x] 2x | = 4
or [x] 2x = 4
let x = + f
then (a) 2 2f = 4
= 3, f = 1/2,
(b)
2 2f = 4

or

f=

4I
2

= 4, f = 0

(4 I)
2
= 4, f = 0
f=

2
[x 1] + [1 x] + x {x} > 0
[x] + [x] + [x] > 0
x , x > 0

x : {1, 2, 3, 4, .......... }
x
[x] 1 > 0
[x] > 1
x [2, )
A
x {1} [2, )
= 5, f =

(ii)
If
If

7.

Case

y=x
x=y
f 1(x) = x
Case
y = x2
2
x =y
x=

f 1(x) =
Case
x=

8.

= 3, 4

9
7

x = 4, , 4,
2
2

(4 I)
<1
2
x = 4
0

x=

9
2

.......(A)

.......(B)

x<1
y<1
x<1
1x4
1 y 16
1 y 16

1 x 16

y= 8 x

y2
64

f 1(x) =

4I
<1
2
x = 4, 7/2
0

x>4

y > 16

x2
64

x > 16

Let x = y = 1
f(x) + f(y) + f(xy) = 2 + f(x) . f(y)
3f (1) = 2 + (f(1))2

f(1) = 1, 2. But given that

f(1) 1 so f(1) = 2
1
Now put y =
x
1
1
1
1
f(x) + f + f(1) = 2 + f(x) . f

f(x) + f = f(x) . f
x
x
x
x
n
so f(x) = x + 1
Now
f(4) = 17

(4)n + 1 = 17 n = 2
2
f(x) = +(x) + 1.

f(5) = 52 + 1 = 26

9.

Put
x = 1, y = 1
(f(1))2 = f(1) + 6

f(1) = 3
[Since f(x) > 0]
Put
y = 1 in given relation
f(x) f(1) = f(x) + 2(x + 2)
2f(x) = 2x + 4
f(x) = x + 2

RESONANCE

f(1) = 3, 2

FUNCTIONS - 7

10.

| f(2k) f(2i)| = | f(2k) f(2k 1) + f(2k1) f(2k2)......... f(2i+1) f(2i)|

| f(2k) f(2k1)| + | f(2k1) f(2k2)| + ...........| f(2i+1) f(2i)|
Consider | f(2k1 + 2k1)| f(2k1) | 1
So
| f(2k) f(2i)| 1 + 1 + ........(k i) term
k

11.

| f ( 2k ) f (2 i ) |

(k i)

i 1

k (k 1)
2

Hence proved.

1
= f(x + 1)
(x + 1)2 f
x 1

1 f ( x)
1
=
f
...........(i)
( x 1)2
x 1
x
x
1

x
x 1 x
= f 1
= 1+ f
= 1f
=1f

Also f
x 1
x 1

x 1
x 1
x x 1

= 1

x2

f (x)
1
x2

1 2 .........(ii)
f
=
2
2
x
x
( x 1)

( x 1)

from equation (i) and (ii), we can say that

(i) = (ii)

1 f ( x)
( x 1)2

= 1

x 2 f (x)
( x 1)2

1+ f(x) = 1 + 2x f(x)
12.

f(x) = x

(i)

Put x = y = 1 in given relation, we get f(f(1)) = f(1)

(ii)

Now put x = 1, y = f(1) in given relation, we get f(f(1)) =

from (i) and (ii)

f(f(1)) = 1

Put x = 1, f(f(y)) =

f (1)
1
y f(f(y)) = y now substitute y = f(x)

f(f(f(x))) =
13.

f (1)
=1
f (1)

f(1) = 1

1
1
1
f =
x
f ( x)
f ( x)

f(x, y) = f(2x + 2y, 2y 2x)

= f(2(2x + 2y) + 2 (2y 2x), 2(2y 2x) 2(2x + 2y))

f(x, y) = f(8y, 8x)

= f(8(8x), 8(8y))

f(x, y) = f(64x, 64y)

= f((64) (64 x), (64) (64y))

f(x, y) = f(212x, 212y)

f(x, 0) = f(212x, 0)
Replace x by 2y

f(2y, 0) = f(212 . 2y, 0)

f(2y, 0) = f(212+y , 0)

f(2x, 0) = f(212+x , 0)

g(x) = g(12 + x)
[ given g(x) = f(2x, 0)]
Hence g(x) is periodic function with period 12.

RESONANCE

.......(i)
from (i)
.......(ii)
(using (ii))
.......(iii)
(using (iii))

FUNCTIONS - 8