EDT Mathematics Formula Sheet

FORMULAE SHEET Trigonometric Identities cos 2 + sin 2 = 1 sin 2 = 2 sin cos cos 2 = cos 2 sin 2 = 2 cos 2 1 = 1 2 sin 2 sin (A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B cos (A B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B

Version 4 November 2011

1 1 ( e j e j ), cos = ( e j + e j ); 2j 2 and the hyperbolic equivalent 1 1 sinh = ( e e ), cosh = ( e + e ). 2 2 sin =

where j = 1

NewtonRaphson method for estimating the solution for f(x) = 0 .

x n +1 = x n

f ( xn ) f' ( xn )
) + 2{f ( x1 ) + f ( x 2 ) + f ( x n 1 )} + f ( x n )] 1 xn n

Trapezoidal Rule with n intervals of length h .

f ( x )dx = 2 [f ( x
h
Mean

Standard Deviation Binomial Expansion

1 x n2 2 n

( a + b ) n = a n b 0 + na n 1 b1 +
CALCULUS

n( n 1 ) n 2 2 n( n 1 )( n 2 ) n 3 3 a b + a b + 2! 3!

The following formulae may be used without proof. Differentiation f(x) xn f(x) nxn 1 Integration f(x) xn

f ( x )dx
x n +1 + C (n 1) n +1

ln x ex sin x cos x

1 x
ex cos x sin x

1 x
ex sin x cos x

ln x + C
ex + C cos x + C sin x + C

EDT Mathematics Formula Sheet

Product Rule

Version 4 November 2011

Quotient Rule

y = uv

du dv dy =u +v dx dx dx

u dy y= = v dx

dv du u dx dx 2 v

Chain Rule

Integration by Parts

dy dy du y = f ( u ), u = g ( x ) = dx du dx

u dx dx = uv v dx dx
1 ( f ( x )) n +1 + c , n 1 and n +1

dv

du

Two Integration Formulas

( f ( x ))
b

f ' ( x )dx =

f ( x ) dx = ln( f ( x )) + c , f ( x ) > 0
2 The Volume of Revolution = y dx , where y = f ( x ) for rotation of 2 about the x-axis. a

f' ( x )

The centroid of a region bounded by the curve y = f(x) and the lines x = a and x = b is given by

x=

xf ( x )dx
a b

and y =

(f ( x ))2 dx
2

f ( x )dx
a

f ( x )dx
a

Fourier Series of f(t)

f(t ) =
T

1 2 n 2 n a0 + an cos t + bn sin t ( n = 1,2 , ) where 2 T T n =1

2 2 a0 = f (t )dt T T
2

2 an = T

2 n f ( t ) cos t dt T

2 bn = T

2 n f ( t ) sin t dt T

FOURIER TRANSFORMS:

f ( ) = f ( t )e

jt

dt

1 f (t ) = 2 f (t ) = f (t ) =

f ( )e jt d

f s ( ) = f (t )sin(t )dt
0

0 0
2

f s ( )sin(t )d f c ( )cos(t )d

f c ( ) = f (t )cos(t )dt
0

Fourier Integral Representation of f(t)

f ( t ) = [a( ) cos( t ) + b( ) sin( t )]d where

0

a( ) =

f ( t ) cos (t )dt

b( ) =

f ( t ) sin (t )dt

EDT Mathematics Formula Sheet

Useful Integrals

Version 4 November 2011

sin( at )dt = a cos( at ) + c t sin( at )dt = a t cos( at ) + a e

bt

cos( at )dt = a sin( at ) + c t cos( at )dt = a t sin( at ) + a e

bt

1
2

sin( at ) + c

1
2

cos( at ) + c

sin( at )dt = e bt

b sin( at ) a cos( at ) +c a2 + b2

cos( at )dt = e bt

b cos( at ) + a sin( at ) +c a2 + b2

LAPLACE TRANSFORMS Given that for the function y = f ( t ) then L{f ( t )} = e st f ( t )dt = F ( s )
0

f(t )
1

F( s )

f(t )

F( s )
1

t
tn u( t ) , unit step e at

sin at cos at sinh at cosh at

1 s 1 s2 n! s n +1 1 s 1 s a a 2 s + a2 s 2 s + a2 a 2 s a2 s 2 s a2

(t ) (t a)
H( t a ) f ( t a )H ( t a ) t n e at e bt sin at e bt cos at e bt sinh at e bt cosh at

e as

e as s e as L{ f ( t )}
n! ( s a ) n +1 a ( s b )2 + a 2 sb ( s b )2 + a 2 a ( s b )2 a 2 sb ( s b )2 a 2
F( s a )

f ( t ) + g ( t )
f' ( t ) = df dt

F ( s ) + G( s )
sL{ f ( t )} f ( 0 )

e at f (t )
t nf ( t )
f(t ) t
n

d nF ( 1 ) , n = 1,2 , ds n

u =s

d 2f f' ' ( t ) = 2 dt

s 2 L{ f ( t )} sf ( 0 ) f ' ( 0 )

F ( u )du