Multivariable calculus, 2013-10-30.

Per-Sverre Svendsen, Tel.035 - 16 76 15/0709 - 398 526.

Minimum requirements: Grade 5: 27p, 4: 21p, 3: 15p.
You are allowed to use one unmarked, ordinary (non-mathematical) dictionary of your choice.
No additional written material is allowed. Also, no calculators or any other electronic equipment.

1. Find the following limit or show that it does not exist

sin(x2 y 2 )
p
.
(x,y)(0,0)
x2 + y 2
lim

(2p)

2. We are given a point P = (1, 1, 1) on the surface S : x3 xy + z 2 = 1.

Calculate, at the point P , the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + 3z in a direction n
normal to S and having a positive z-component, that is n (0, 0, 1) > 0.
(3p)
3. Find the points on the curve x2 + xy + y 2 = 2 that are closest to and farthest from the origin. (4p)
4. Find the absolute minimum and maximum values of g(x, y) = (xy 1) e2x+y
on the set = {(x, y) R2 | 2x + y 4, x 0, y 0}.
ZZ

1
dx dy, D = {(x, y) R2 | x y 1, x 0 }.
y+1

5. Calculate

(5p)
(3p)

6. Calculate the area of the part of the surface z = xy that lies inside the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1. (3p)
ZZZ
7. Calculate

x2

y2

1
dx dy dz,
+ z2 + 1

where

K = {(x, y, z) R3 | x2 + y 2 + z 2 1, 0 z

p
x2 + y 2 }.

1
8. Find the center of mass r cm = (x, y) of a region A with density f (x, y) = p
,
2
x + y2
and A = {(x, y) R2 | 1 x2 + y 2 2y}.
ZZ
ZZ
1
1
Hint: x =
x f (x, y) dx dy, y =
y f (x, y) dx dy,
MA
MA
A

ZZ
where MA =

f (x, y) dx dy
A

represents the total mass of the region A.

(5p)

(5p)

Reference formulas and equations in Multivariable Calculus

Trigonometry and Logarithms

xy
xy
cos
2
2
x+y
xy
cos x cos y = 2 sin
sin
2
2
x+y
xy
cos x + cos y = 2 cos
cos
2
2

sin(x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

sin x sin y = 2 sin

cos(x y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y

tan x tan y
1 tan x tan y
cot x cot y 1
cot (x y) =
cot x + cot y
tan (x y) =

2 sin x sin y = cos(x y) cos(x + y)

2 cos x cos y = cos(x y) + cos(x + y)

sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x

cos 2x = cos2 x sin2 x = 2 cos2 x 1 = 1 2 sin2 x 2 sin x cos y = sin(x y) + sin(x + y)

ln x + ln y = ln xy

ln x ln y = ln

ln xa = a ln x

(x, y > 0)

x
y

Standard limits
lim x loga x = 0 (a > 1, > 0)

x0+

sin x
=1
x
ln(1 + x)
lim
=1
x0
x
x
e 1
lim
=1
x0
x
lim

x0

ax
= (a > 1)
x x

x
lim
= (a > 1, > 0)
x loga x
an
lim
=0
n n!
lim

Basic derivatives
f (x)

f 0 (x)

xa

axa1

ax

ax ln a

ln |x|

1
x

sin x

cos x

cos x

sin x

tan x

1 + tan2 x =

arccos x
arctan x


p


ln x + x2 + 
1
2x

x2 + +

1
1 x2
1

1 x2
1
1 + x2
1

x2 +
p
x2 +

arcsin x

ln x + x2 + 

1
cos2 x

Taylor Series
Taylors formula for a function f : R R
f (a + h) = f (a) + f 0 (a) h +

X
f 00 (a) 2
f (n) (a) n
h + =
h
2
n!
n=0

Table of particular expansions (a = 0, h x)

1.

X
1
=
xk = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + (1 < x < 1)
1x
k=0

2. (x + 1) = 1 + x +

3. ex =

( 1)( 2) 3
( 1) 2
x +
x + (1 < x < 1)
2
23

X
1
1
1 k
x = 1 + x + x2 + x3 +
k!
2
6

k=0

4. sin x =

X
1
1 5
(1)k+1 2k1
x
= x x3 +
x
(2k 1)!
6
120

k=1

5. cos x =

X
1
1
(1)k 2k
x = 1 x2 + x4
(2k)!
2
24

k=0

6. ln(x + 1) =

X
1
1
(1)k+1 k
x = x x2 + x3 (1 < x 1)
k
2
3

k=1

7. arctan x =

X
k=1

1
1
(1)k+1 2k1
x
= x x3 + x5 (1 x 1)
(2k 1)
3
5

Taylors formula for a function f : R2 R


1 2
f (a + h, b + k) = f (a, b) + h fx (a, b) + kfy (a, b) +
h fxx (a, b) + 2hkfxy (a, b) + k 2 fyy (a, b) + =
2

X
1 
n
h
+k
f (x, y)(a,b)
n!
x
y
n=0

Tangent plane
Function z = f (x, y)
Equation of tangent plane through the point (a, b, f (a, b))
z = f (a, b) + fx (a, b)(x a) + fy (a, b)(y b)
Level surface F (x, y, z) = C
Equation of tangent plane through the point (a, b, c)
Fx (a, b, c)(x a) + Fy (a, b, c)(y b) + Fz (a, b, c)(z c) = 0

Directional derivative
The directional derivative of a function f : R3 R at the point (a, b, c) and direction u (|u| = 1)
Du f (a, b, c) = fu0 (a, b, c) = u f (a, b, c) = u (fx (a, b, c), fy (a, b, c), fz (a, b, c)).

Double Integrals
General substitution
Assume a one-to-one mapping between a region D in the xy-plane and a region Duv in the uv-plane

x = x(u, v)
u = u(x, y)

v = v(x, y)
y = y(u, v)
ZZ
Then

ZZ
f (x, y) dxdy =

with

 (x, y) 


f (x(u, v), y(u, v)) 
 dudv,
(u, v)

Duv



xv 
 6= 0.

yv 



 xu
(x, y)

= 

(u, v)
 yu

Polar coordinates

x = r cos

r sin

(x, y)
= r,
(r, )

ZZ

ZZ
f (x, y) dxdy =

f (r cos , r sin ) rdr d

Dr

Triple Integrals
General substitution
As above assume a one-to-one mapping between points (x, y, z) in and (u, v, w) in uvw .
ZZ
ZZ
 (x, y, z) 


f (x, y, z) dxdydz =
f (x(u, v, w), y(u, v, w), z(u, v, w)) 
 dudvdw,
(u, v, w)

with

uvw

(x, y, z)
6= 0
(u, v, w)

Spherical coordinates

x = sin cos

y = sin sin

z =
cos
(x, y, z)
= 2 sin
(, , )
ZZZ
ZZZ
f (x, y, z) dxdydz =
f ( sin cos , sin sin , cos ) 2 sin d d d

Line Integrals
Tangent line integral
Given a parametrized curve C : r(t) = (x(t), y(t), z(t)), a t b and a vector field F = (P, Q, R).
Zb

(P, Q, R) (x (t), y (t), z (t)) dt =

F dr =
C

Zb 


P x0 (t) + Q y 0 (t) + R z 0 (t) dt

Line integral with respect to arc length

Assume a curve C as above and a function f : R3 R.
Zb

Z
f (x, y, z) ds =

f (x(t), y(t), z(t))

(x0 (t))2 + (y 0 (t))2 + (z 0 (t))2 dt, (ds = d|r|)

Greens theorem
Given a plane, closed, positively oriented curve C that encloses a region D and a field F = (P, Q).
I
ZZ 
Q
P 
F dr =

dxdy
x
y
C

Surface Integrals
General parametrized surface
S : r = r(u, v) = (x(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v)), (u, v) D.
ZZ
ZZ
 r
r 


f (x, y, z) dS =
f (r(u, v)) 
 dudv
u v
S

Parametrization of (parts of ) the surface

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = R2 (R > 0).

S : r = (x, y, z) = (R sin cos , R sin sin , R cos ), (, ) D.

ZZ
ZZ
ZZ
 r
r 

f (x, y, z) dS =
f (r(, )) 

f (r(, )) R2 sin d d.
 d d =

S

Function graph z = h(x, y).

S : r = (x, y, z) = (x, y, h(x, y)), (x, y) Sxy .
ZZ
ZZ
q
f (x, y, z) dS =
f (x, y, h(x, y)) 1 + h2x + h2y dxdy
S

Sxy

Gauss theorem
Given a space region K with (closed) surface boundary S and a field F .
n is the outer unit normal vector of the surface.
ZZ
ZZZ
F n dS =
F dx dy dz.
S