Multivariable calculus, 2009-10-30.

Per-Sverre Svendsen, Tel.035 - 167 615/0709 - 398 526.

Minimum requirements: Grade 5: 27p, 4: 21p, 3: 15p.
You are allowed to use one unmarked, ordinary (non-mathematical) dictionary of your choice.
No additional written material is allowed. Also, no calculators or any other electronic equipment.


1. Calculate the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = ln


z
x2 + y 2

at the point P = (1, 2, 5) and in the direction v = (2, 1, 2).

2. Find the following limit or show that it does not exist

(2p)

lim
(x,y)(0,0)

3. The equation x2 z 3 + 2xz

sin(x2 + y 2 2xy)
.
x2 + y 2

(2p)

y
+ 1 = 0 implicitly defines a function z = g(x, y)
z

for which g(1, 2) = 1. Calculate gx (1, 2) and gy (1, 2).

(2p)

4. Find the center of mass P = (x, y) of a region D with constant density,

where D = {(x, y)  R2 | x2 y 1 }.
(3p)
ZZ
ZZ
1
1
Hint: x =
x dx dy, y =
y dx dy, where AD is the area of the region D.
AD
AD
D

5. Calculate the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves
xy = 1, xy = 4, y = x, and y = 2x.

(3p)

6. Find the absolute minimum and maximum values of f (x, y, z) = x + 2y 3z

subject to the constraint x2 + 4y 2 + 9z 2 = 108.

(3p)

7. Find the absolute minimum and maximum values of g(x, y) = 9xy 2 e2x3y
on the set = {(x, y)  R2 | 0 x 2, 0 y 2}.
ZZ
8. Calculate

x2 z 2 dS,

where S = {(x, y, z)  R3 | z =

(5p)
p

x2 + y 2 , 1 x2 + y 2 2}.

(5p)

ZZZ
9. Calculate
K

z
1+

x2

y2

z2

dx dy dz , K = {(x, y, z)  R3 | x2 + y 2 + z 2 1, z 0 }. (5p)

Reference formulas and equations in Multivariable Calculus

Trigonometry and Logarithms

xy
xy
cos
2
2
x+y
xy
cos x cos y = 2 sin
sin
2
2
x+y
xy
cos x + cos y = 2 cos
cos
2
2

sin(x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

sin x sin y = 2 sin

cos(x y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y

tan x tan y
1 tan x tan y
cot x cot y 1
cot (x y) =
cot x + cot y
tan (x y) =

2 sin x sin y = cos(x y) cos(x + y)

2 cos x cos y = cos(x y) + cos(x + y)

sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x

cos 2x = cos2 x sin2 x = 2 cos2 x 1 = 1 2 sin2 x 2 sin x cos y = sin(x y) + sin(x + y)

ln x + ln y = ln xy

ln x ln y = ln

ln xa = a ln x

(x, y > 0)

x
y

Standard limits
lim x loga x = 0 (a > 1, > 0)

x0+

sin x
=1
x
ln(1 + x)
lim
=1
x0
x
x
e 1
lim
=1
x0
x
lim

x0

ax
= (a > 1)
x x

x
lim
= (a > 1, > 0)
x loga x
an
lim
=0
n n!
lim

Basic derivatives
f (x)

f 0 (x)

xa

axa1

ax

ax ln a

ln |x|

1
x

sin x

cos x

cos x

sin x

tan x

1 + tan2 x =

arccos x
arctan x


p


ln x + x2 + 
1
2x

x2 + +

1
1 x2
1

1 x2
1
1 + x2
1

x2 +
p
x2 +

arcsin x

ln x + x2 + 

1
cos2 x

Taylor Series
Taylors formula for a function f : R R
f (a + h) = f (a) + f 0 (a) h +

X
f 00 (a) 2
f (n) (a) n
h + =
h
2
n!
n=0

Table of particular expansions (a = 0, h x)

1.

X
1
=
xk = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + (1 < x < 1)
1x
k=0

2. (x + 1) = 1 + x +

3. ex =

( 1)( 2) 3
( 1) 2
x +
x + (1 < x < 1)
2
23

X
1
1
1 k
x = 1 + x + x2 + x3 +
k!
2
6

k=0

4. sin x =

X
1
1 5
(1)k+1 2k1
x
= x x3 +
x
(2k 1)!
6
120

k=1

5. cos x =

X
1
1
(1)k 2k
x = 1 x2 + x4
(2k)!
2
24

k=0

6. ln(x + 1) =

X
1
1
(1)k+1 k
x = x x2 + x3 (1 < x 1)
k
2
3

k=1

7. arctan x =

X
k=1

1
1
(1)k+1 2k1
x
= x x3 + x5 (1 x 1)
(2k 1)
3
5

Taylors formula for a function f : R2 R


1 2
f (a + h, b + k) = f (a, b) + h fx (a, b) + kfy (a, b) +
h fxx (a, b) + 2hkfxy (a, b) + k 2 fyy (a, b) + =
2

X
1 
n
h
+k
f (x, y)(a,b)
n!
x
y
n=0

Tangent plane
Function z = f (x, y)
Equation of tangent plane through the point (a, b, f (a, b))
z = f (a, b) + fx (a, b)(x a) + fy (a, b)(y b)
Level surface F (x, y, z) = C
Equation of tangent plane through the point (a, b, c)
Fx (a, b, c)(x a) + Fy (a, b, c)(y b) + Fz (a, b, c)(z c) = 0

Directional derivative
The directional derivative of a function f : R3 R at the point (a, b, c) and direction u (|u| = 1)
Du f (a, b, c) = fu0 (a, b, c) = u f (a, b, c) = u (fx (a, b, c), fy (a, b, c), fz (a, b, c)).

Double Integrals
General substitution
Assume a one-to-one mapping between a region D in the xy-plane and a region Duv in the uv-plane

x = x(u, v)
u = u(x, y)

v = v(x, y)
y = y(u, v)
ZZ
Then

ZZ
f (x, y) dxdy =

with

 (x, y) 


f (x(u, v), y(u, v)) 
 dudv,
(u, v)

Duv



xv 
 6= 0.

yv 



 xu
(x, y)

= 

(u, v)
 yu

Polar coordinates

x = r cos

r sin

(x, y)
= r,
(r, )

ZZ

ZZ
f (x, y) dxdy =

f (r cos , r sin ) rdr d

Dr

Triple Integrals
General substitution
As above assume a one-to-one mapping between points (x, y, z) in and (u, v, w) in uvw .
ZZ
ZZ
 (x, y, z) 


f (x, y, z) dxdydz =
f (x(u, v, w), y(u, v, w), z(u, v, w)) 
 dudvdw,
(u, v, w)

with

uvw

(x, y, z)
6= 0
(u, v, w)

Spherical coordinates

x = sin cos

y = sin sin

z =
cos
(x, y, z)
= 2 sin
(, , )
ZZZ
ZZZ
f (x, y, z) dxdydz =
f ( sin cos , sin sin , cos ) 2 sin d d d

Surface Integrals
General parametrized surface
S : r = r(u, v) = (x(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v)), (u, v)  D.
ZZ
ZZ
 r
r 

f (x, y, z) dS =
f (r(u, v)) 

 dudv
u v
S

Function graph z = h(x, y)

S : r = (x, y, z) = (x, y, h(x, y)), (x, y)  Sxy .
ZZ
ZZ
q
f (x, y, z) dS =
f (x, y, h(x, y)) 1 + h2x + h2y dxdy
S

Sxy