● It is not necessary for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure

to be elevated to diagnose hypertension; thus, a reading of either

140/ 80 mmHg or 120/ 90 mmHg is considered high.
● An individual who is currently taking antihypertensive
medication is considered to have hypertension even if the blood
pressure normalizes as a result of the medication.
● Hypertension is considered a risk factor for many cardiovascular
disorders as well as kidney disease.
Lifestyle factors associated with HTN

03
lack of exercise
smoking
excessive sodium intake,
stress
low potassium intake,
excessive alcohol intake
Obesity , Hyperinsulinemia
 Nutrition Therapy for Hypertension

DASH Diet Physical Activity

30 minutes of physical
activity per day

Weight loss Smoking Cessation

 Ai m to l ose 1 0 % over 6  health benefits almost
months i f obese. immediately

 Ma i n t a i n ( B MI = 1 8 . 5–  the most important

24. 9 k g/ m 2) change any individual
can make
 Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Nutrition
Assessment Evaluation

Nutrition
Monitoring
Nutrition
Nutrition
Care
Diagnosis Process
Nutrition
Intervention
 Nutrition Assessment

clinical
Anthropometric

Assessment

Biochemical Dietary
 Dietary Assessment

03
24 h Recall Food Frequency Food Preferences
Questionnaire ,Dislikes & Food
GOOD BAD Allergies

FOODS FOODS
 Nutrition
Intervention
 Nutrition Therapy for Hypertension

DASH Diet Physical Activity

30 minutes of physical
activity per day

Weight loss Smoking Cessation

 Ai m to l ose 1 0 % over 6  health benefits almost
months i f obese. immediately

 Ma i n t a i n ( B MI = 1 8 . 5–  the most important

24. 9 k g/ m 2) change any individual
can make
DASH—Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
The History of DASH
 With support from the National Heart Institute, scientists from Johns Hopkins University and other
famous universities conducted two key studies in the 1990s.
 The first was called “DASH,” and it tested the effects of nutrients, as they occur together in food, on BP.
 This study found that blood pressures were reduced with an eating plan low in saturated fat,
cholesterol, and total fat, and that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods. This eating
plan—known as the DASH eating plan—also includes whole-grain products, fish, poultry, and nuts. It is
reduced in red meat, sweets, and sugar-containing beverages. It is rich in magnesium, potassium, and
calcium, as well as protein and fiber.
 DASH compared three eating plans:
i. a plan similar in nutrients to what many Americans consume;
ii. a plan similar to what Americans consume but higher in fruits and vegetables;
iii. and the DASH eating plan. All three plans included about 3000 mg of sodium daily.
iv. None of the plans was vegetarian or used specialty foods.
 Results were dramatic: both the fruits & vegetables plan and the DASH plan reduced BP,
but the DASH eating plan had the greatest effect, especially for those with high BP. Also
the BP fell quickly—within 2 weeks of starting the plan.
 The second study was called “DASH Sodium,” and it looked at the effect on blood
pressure of a reduced dietary sodium intake as participants followed either the DASH
plan or eating plan typical of what many Americans consume.
 Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two eating plans and then followed for
a month at each of three sodium levels.
 The three sodium levels were as follows:
 a higher intake of about 3300 mg per day (the level consumed by
many Americans);
 an intermediate intake of about 2400 mg per day;
 and a lower intake of about 1500 mg per day.
 Results showed that reducing dietary sodium lowered BP for both eating plans. At each
sodium level, BP was lower on the DASH eating plan than on the other eating plan. The
biggest BP reductions were for the DASH eating plan at the sodium intake of 1500
milligrams per day. Those with hypertension saw the biggest reductions, but those
without it also had large decreases. These reductions occurred even when body weight
remained stable. The magnitude of BP reduction with this dietary pattern was similar to
the reduction noted with BP-lowering medications.
Nutritional uses & benefits of DASH
Diet
Example of day of DASH diet
THANK YOU