UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB

FALL 2020

SPRING 2022

Course Title: Governance, Risk and Ethics

Course Code: BET2353

Assignment No. 4

Course Instructor: Dr. Zeeshan Anwar

Program: BS (A &
Section: A1 Date: 23/05/2022
F)
Submission Date: 28/06/2022 Maximum Marks: 10
Program Objective: Course Objective: Course Learning Objective:

TO BE FILLED IN BY THE STUDENT

Student Name: M. Amir Ali Registration No: L1S20BSAF0008 Sr. No:

Instructions:

Assignment Topic & Details:

With reference to th discussions during lectures related to Social and

Environmental Issues in Ethics and Business, you need to submit the assignment
titled "Social and Environmental rules, regulations and principles in Pakistan”.

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  SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RULES, REGULATIONS AMD
PRINCIPLE IN PAKISTAN:

Environmental issues affecting Pakistan:

Despite this general situation of environmental concern that confronts the South Asian
region as a whole, Pakistan suffers from environmental problems that have more
prevalence in this country than in others. It is necessary to explore these issues to gauge
the effectiveness of any legislative, institutional and judicial responses and if more is
warranted to address the issue of concern.
Of particular importance in Pakistan is the extraordinary growth of gaseous emissions in
the nation. Although his problem is largely confined to urban centers and industrial areas
due to large amounts of vehicular, domestic and industrial emissions, air quality has been
severely degraded and atmospheric pollution in the nation is so high that Pakistan has one
of the worlds worst levels of pollution. Of even greater concern is that the trend of
atmospheric degradation is increasing and air quality standards are deteriorating rapidly.
In an effort to curb this problem the Government of Pakistan and its subsidiary agencies
and institutions have collaborated to control the discharge and emission of pollution. In
particular, Pakistan has been developing National Environmental Quality Standards, which
are relevant to the levels of acceptable emissions from industrial, domestic and
vehicular source in the nation. In addition, a number of ordinances have also been
implemented, which fortifies the governmental control over air pollution and provides a
basic regime for governing bodies and agencies to enforce these provisions cooperatively
and effectively.
Another issue of great concern is the absence of any satisfactory waste disposal and
management facilities in Pakistan, which is compounded in those areas with a higher
density of human population. The systemic issues of poverty and urbanisation has only
served to exacerbate the problems in the country, especially as the current institutional
systems are not equipped to cope with the complex challenges of the urban sprawl. In
Pakistan the present system of waste management is far from uniform and varies from
purely manual street sweeping and scavenger systems to more mechanised and efficient
apparatuses. The lack of funding and great disorganisation between local, municipal,
regional, provincial and federal levels of government has meant that practically half of the
amount of solid waste disposed of is not removed. Thus, a cycle of poor sanitation,
increased insect numbers and the spread of disease to humans is created, which has the
negative effects on other areas, such as increased pressure on the health system and
polluted water ways. In the absence of sufficient awareness campaigns and alterative
measures of domestic and industrial waste disposal such environmental and systemic
problems will not abate.

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It is now feared that Pakistan has the world’s second highest rate of deforestation. This
has led to the elimination of trees, flora, and fauna and has serious implications for the
survival of many animal habitats and the conservation of Pakistan’s otherwise rich
biodiversity. As almost 70% of the population resides in rural areas a great many people
directly and indirectly depend on natural resources for survival. Destruction of
biodiversity means basic resources such as water, air and viable agriculture will be
degraded and the consequences of this can be devastating. Furthermore, on an economic
level the conservation of biodiversity is central to endevours such as eco-tourism, where
natural wildlife, habitats, eco-systems and resources are crucial to a successful tourism
industry.

Judicial, constitutional and institutional responses to environmental issues:

In light of the fundamental need for conservation of biodiversity in Pakistan, there has
been a move to implement provisions and strategies to facilitate the protection of this
basic resource. The fact that Pakistan is a Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity
demonstrates its commitment to achieving sustainable development and protection of
natural resources in the region. In an effort to implement the aims of the Convention
measures of protection, such as the creation of protected areas, sanctuaries and the
imposition of penalties for breach of the legislative provisions, have provided a basic
framework for conservation of biodiversity. Furthermore, Pakistan’s commitment to
biodiversity is manifest in the network of international protocols, conventions and treaties
that it has signed and ratified into domestic legislation. There are two pieces of legislation
enacted by the Pakistani government that are intended to provide an overriding legislative
framework for environmental issues: the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance
1983 and the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997. These Acts are complimented
by the implementation of various other Rules and Ordinances that provide a framework
for dealing with the many complex environmental issues that confront Pakistan as a
nation.
To administer these laws, the Government of Pakistan has established an institutional
framework. For example, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agencies (PEPAs) have
been established in all four of the nation’s provinces to promote the overriding objectives
of conservation, sustainable development and improve the decision making process. This
role is particularly important in the context of increased development and industrial
activity, as there is a need for firm consideration of the appropriateness of any proposed
activity.
At the federal level the Ministry of Environment is the main institution that deals with
issues relevant to the environment. It has divisions dedicated to the environment, urban
development and wildlife and is responsible for the coordination of its derivative
institutions, such as the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) and the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The PEPC formulates environmental
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legislation and the EPA is the agency charged with planning and implementation duties.
In the realm of judicial administration and interpretation of environmental legislation
there have also been some vital developments. There are emerging procedures for the
avoidance or prevention of environmental disputes, which contrast with traditional and
historically inadequate processes for dealing with issues of environment. Environmental
Tribunals have been instrumental in this process, as they provide better access to redress
and have the capacity to enforce the law and impose appropriate penalties on those who
violate the legislative provisions. The superior judiciary, in particular the Supreme Court
of Pakistan, has played a positive and constructive role in the development and
enforcement of environmental laws and initiatives. Essentially, the right to enjoy a clean
environment has been interpreted as inherent within the Constitution, which fortifies not
only the fundamental need to protect the environment but expands the right of persons to
seek legal redress for environmental wrongs.

Rules and regulation set by Pakistan Governemnent:

Different acts are established to solve environmental problems.

Followings rules and regulations are in place

1- National Environmental Quality Standards ( Self reporting and Reporting by

Industries)
2- Environmental Samples Rules
3- Provincial Sustainable Development Fund Board (Procedure)
4- Pollution Charge for Industry (Calculation and Collection) rules
5- National Environmental quality Standards (Environmental Laboratories
Certification)
6- Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
7- National Biosafety rules
8- Hospital waste Management rules

POLICIES
Followings are the policies that have taken to implement the environmental
issues causing by the industry that have only concern with the growth and their
profits by polluting the environment.

1- National Environment Policy

2- National Resettlement Policy March, 2002 (Draft)
3- National Drinking Water Policy (Draft)
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 4- National Drinking Water Policy
5- Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
6- National Operational Strategy

SOCIAL REGULATIONS AND PRINCIPLES:

Social principles to enforce in working areas like business and anywhere to made
good society by in good ethics by employees and solve social issues in business

CSR Social Responsibility:

CSR Social Responsibility refers to the approach that an organization takes in
balancing its responsibilities towards different stakeholder wen making legal,
economical, ethical and social decisions

Insufficiently Compensation for Overtime:

In Pakistan Labour Law stipulates that business should pay 150% of the typical
rate as extra time pay amid weekdays, 200% on Saturday or Sunday, and 300% on
statutory occasions. But in actual this is not being followed a few are observed
SMEs were paying 150% rate but only for the Saturdays and Sundays and there
was no concept of 300% payment especially when the time period for the delivery
of order is short the employees were supposed to come even during gusseted
holidays for which they were paid only 150%.

Arbitrary Punishments and Abuses Imposed by Management:

Workers who work moderate, commit errors, or irritate administration were abused
and even some cases force is used to get the work done especially from children.
The use of abusive language is very common. Similarly, if they make any mistake
then their wages are deducted, they were not provided with proper remuneration
for the extra work that they do, and even some were expelled by the administration
without notice.

Difficulties in Resigning:
Resigning is also a big issue if labourer wants to leave the organization; it is very
difficult for them to leave. The labour that is productive, management keeps their
salary of a month or two unpaid due to which it becomes difficult for them to leave
the organization and face sever issue while resigning.

Occupational Safety:

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The production line needed fundamental types of measures to secure employees
and labours from being suffered. Like ventilation framework was introduced in
1990s, but even till today not being properly followed.

Conclusion:

In this respect it is clear that Pakistan has become more aware of the imperative
nature of the environment for the people, the economy and the world. It has
entrenched its commitments to this issue through legislation, institutions and its
judiciary. Its role as a signatory to important enviornmental conventions is further
testimony to that fact that issues of the environment are of growing concern in
Pakistan. While these initial steps are welcome, more is needed to effectively
implement the objectives contained within these conventions and domestic laws.

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