UCSP – LESSON 2: SOCIOLOGY - REVIEWER Karl Marx – he explains that society rise and fall

due to changes in economic relations referred

to as modes of production.
SOCIOLOGY – From the Latin word socius which
means “companion” and the Greek word
“logos” meaning “study of”. Max Weber – explored the shift from
traditional values as the main driver of
 It is the study of human social
individual actions in society to economic gains
interactions, groups, relationships,
as the primary motivation for social action.
social development, organization,
(Observes the emergence of economic
processes, and institutions.
determinism).
 Systematically analyzes different social
phenomena.

ORIGINS OF SOCIOLOGY SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION – coiled by

American Sociologist Charles Wright Mills.
LAW OF THREE STAGES – introduced by Auguste
Comte, the father of Sociology and Positivism.  An outlook where we see our
individual lives are affected and
LAW OF THREE STAGES:
reflective on the larger social context.
 THEOLOGICAL STAGE – people (Using Sociological Imagination).
attributed the different occurrences in
THREE CLASSICAL SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES:
nature and society to divine,
supernatural powers and the whims of  STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM – treats
gods. (Talks about gods) society as an organism whose parts
 METAPHYSICAL STAGE – transition from (individual members) must work
divine-led to science based. Attributes together in order to bring stability to
the changes and occurrences of nature the system.
and society to a divinely ordained  SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM – focuses
natural order of things. (Scientific on how human social interactions
principles in looking at nature and exhibit continuous interpretation,
society). assignment of meaning, and responding
 POSITIVIST STAGE – study the nature to signals in the social environment.
and dynamics of society through (Interactions influenced by
observable data derived from experiences)
experience. (Used scientific methods to  CONFLICT THEORY – looks at how
analyze these experiences). different groups in society compete
with each other because of scarce
resources, unequal structures, or power
Emile Durkheim – proposed an analogy for and resistance.
society as an organism composed of
MACRO AND MICRO LEVEL OF ANALYSIS
interdependent parts.
MACRO – focus on the bigger picture or larger-
scale analysis of social phenomenon.
Structural functionalism and conflict theory -
employ a macro level of analysis.

MICRO – focuses on specific details.

Symbolic interactionism – employs a micro level

of analysis.

SOCIOLOGY IN A CHANGING WORLD

- sociology evolves with society’s
changes
- conversation establishes common
grounds
- religions, conflict, harassment
persist